• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.861-877
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• 2016

This paper first discusses the disadvantages of the existing CamShift Algorithm for real time face tracking, and then proposes a new Camshift Algorithm that performs better than the existing algorithm. The existing CamShift Algorithm shows unstable tracking when tracing similar colors in the background of objects. This drawback of the existing CamShift is resolved by using Kinect’s pixel-by-pixel depth information and the Skin Detection algorithm to extract candidate skin regions based on HSV color space. Additionally, even when the tracking object is not found, or when occlusion occurs, the feature point-based matching algorithm makes it robust to occlusion. By applying the improved CamShift algorithm to face tracking, the proposed real-time face tracking algorithm can be applied to various fields. The results from the experiment prove that the proposed algorithm is superior in tracking performance to that of existing TLD tracking algorithm, and offers faster processing speed. Also, while the proposed algorithm has a slower processing speed than CamShift, it overcomes all the existing shortfalls of the existing CamShift.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2049-2058
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• 1992

In this work, a 6 degree of freedom lumped mass model is constructed for an OHC-type cam valve train analysis, and the model is verified experimentally. Using the verified model, an optimum cam profile is designed to minimize the maximum contact force between cam and follower under the constraints such as cam lift and cam event angle. The designed cam was carefully machined and tested experimentally. As operating the designed cam shaft on the test rig, the valve motion was precisely measured with laser displacement meter and the contact force was indirectly monitored by measuring strain at a certain point of the finger follower. Judging from the model simulation and experiment results, the maximum contact force can be reduced as much as more than 16.7 percent under maintaining the original valve flow area by adopting the optimum cam profile.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2000

Cam mechanism is one of the common devices used in many automatic machinery. Since the motion of the cam mechanism depends on the shape of the cam and the type of the follower, the shape design procedure must be well defined in order to determine the accurate shape of the cam corresponding to the prescribed motion of the follower. This paper proposes a new approach for designing the shape of disk cams. The proposed relative velocity method uses the relative velocity at center of the follower roller or at contact point between the cam and the follower for 4 different types of the disk cam systems. Also, the relative velocity method for determining the cam profile uses the geometric relationships of the cam and the follower.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.772-777
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• 2000

Cam mechanisms are used commonly in many automatic machinery. Disk cam mechanisms has 4 different types according to the different types of followers. The motion characteristics of the cam mechanisms depend on the shape of the cam and the type of the follower. This paper performs the motion analysis for a disk cam and follower mechanism using a circular arc method and a coordinate transformation method in order to find a contact point of the cam and follower. The velocity is calculated by using the instant velocity concept. Also, the acceleration is determined on using the central difference method. As the results, this paper presents the original curve and the analyzed curve for the motion analysis of the disk cam for an example.

• 연구논문집
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• s.33
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• pp.89-97
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• 2003

A barrel cam is used as a very important part of an index drive unit. The index drive unit must have an intermittent-rotational motion. The barrel typed cam and roller gear mechanism has the advantages of high reliability to perform a prescribed motion of a follower. This paper proposes a new method for the shape design of the barrel cam and also a CAD program is developed by using the proposed method. As defined in this paper, the relative velocity method for the shape design calculates the relative velocity of the follower versus cam at a center of roller, and then detemines a contact point by using the geometric relationships and the kinematic constraints, where the direction of the relative velocity must be parallel to a common tangential line at the contact point of two independent bodies, i.e. the cam and the follower. Then, the shape of the cam is defined by the coordinate transformation of the trace of the contact points. This paper presents shape design of the barrel cam in order to prove the accuracy of the proposed methods

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.739-745
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• 2010

The roller gear cam can control the rotational follower periodically by attaching several roller on the circumstance of follower shaft and it is widely used in non-backlash and precise actuating mechanism such as index table or ATC of machine tools. For machining the roller gear cam, 5 axis CNC machine tool is used and the geometric principle of CAM mechanism must be adopted to generate the NC-code and to develop the special CAD/CAM software because there is not commercial CAM system to machine the roller gear cam. The maker of the specially developed software in domestic user is generally from Japan or Taiwan. However these softwares do not reflect the post processing technique for finish machining in the module. Also, there is some limitation for further new application of itself and it needs higher costs for further application. In this study, the CAD/CAM software to overcome these problem was developed. And its reliability was verified by applying it in 5-axis CNC machining. Finally, the experimental result conducted in the 5-axis machining show good consistency in the movement of follower along the flute and in its Size.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2011

Arabidopsis mutants with T-DNA insertion in seven calmodulin genes (CAM) were used to determine the specific role of CAM in the tolerance of plants to oxidative stress induced by paraquat and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatments. Arabidopsis calmodulin mutants (cam) were screened for seedling growth, seed germination, induced oxidative damage, and levels of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt metabolites. Only the cam5-4 and cam6-1 mutants exhibited an increased sensitivity to paraquat and $H_2O_2$ during seed germination and seedling growth. In response to treatments with $3{\mu}M$ paraquat and 1 mM $H_2O_2$, only the cam5-4, cam6-1 mutants showed significant changes in malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in root and shoot tissues, with highly increased levels of MDA. In terms of the GABA shunt metabolites, GABA was significantly elevated in root and shoot tissues in response to the paraquat treatments in comparison to alanine and glutamate, while the levels of all shunt metabolites increased in root tissue but not in the shoot tissue following the $H_2O_2$ treatments. GABA, alanine and glutamate levels were significantly increased in root and shoot of the cam1, cam4, cam5-4, and cam6-1 mutants in response to paraquat (0.5, 1 and $3{\mu}M$), while they were increased only in the root tissue of the cam1, cam4, cam5-4, and cam6-1 mutants in response to $H_2O_2$ (200 and $500{\mu}M$, 1 mM). These data show that the cam5-4 and cam6-1 mutants were sensitive to the induced oxidative stress treatments in terms of seed germination, seedling growth, and oxidative damage. The accumulation of GABA shunt metabolites as a consequence of the induced oxidative stress treatments (paraquat and $H_2O_2$ treatments) suggests that the GABA shunt pathway and the accumulation of GABA metabolites may contribute in antioxidant machinery associated with reactive oxygen species and in the acquisition of tolerance in response to induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis seedlings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.6
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• pp.48-55
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• 1998

In this work, the testable CAM(Content Addressable Memory) is designed to perform the test effectively by inserting the ECC(Error Checking Circuit) inside the CAM. The designed CAM has the circuit which is capable of testing the functional faults in read, write, and match operations. In general the test circuit inserted causes the increase of total circuit area, Thus this work, utilizes the new MTA code to reduce the overhead of an area of the built-in test circuit which has a conventional parallel comparator. The designed circuit was verified using the VHDL simulator and the layout was performed using the 0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ double metal CMOS process. About 30% reduction of a circuit area wad achieved in the proposed CAM using the XOR circuit

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2017

In this study, the effects of intake valve closing timing by using Cam-in-Cam system on combustion and emission characteristics for diesel engine were investigated under GT-POWER simulation environment. As a result, it was found that volumetric efficiency and effective compression ratio were decreased as the intake valve closing(IVC) timing is retarded due to its backflow effect. Also, we found that in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and NOx emission were decreased as IVC timing was retarded. These show that the LIVC(late intake valve closing) can be effective to control AFR and mixing rate in diffusion combustion of diesel engine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2012

The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) among women with gynecologic cancer is becoming increasingly popular. Therefore, it is important to gain insight into the prevalence and factors related to the use of CAM. The aim of this study was to assess the use of CAM in women with gynecologic cancer. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from 67 gynecological cancer patients at gynecologic oncology clinic of a hospital in Turkey between October 2009 to December 2010 using a questionnaire developed specifically for this study. The instrument included questions on socio-demographic information, disease specifics and complementary and alternative medicine usage. On the basis of women's responses, all participants were divided into 2 groups: CAM users and nonusers. The findings indicated that 61.2% of the women reported the use of 1 or more CAM therapies. There were no significant differences in the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between CAM users and nonusers (P <0.05). The most frequently used CAM method was herbal therapy (90.2%) and the second was prayer (41.5%). The main sources of information about CAM were informal (friends/ family members). A considerable proportion (56.1%) of CAM users had discussed their CAM use with their physicians or nurses. Turkish women with gynecologic cancer frequently use CAM in addition to standard medical therapy. Nurses/ oncologists caring for women with gynecologic cancer should initiate a dialogue about usage of CAM, discussing the potential adverse effects of CAM and the patient's therapeutic goals.