• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 중유회의 고형연료로써 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 첨가제별 성형 특성과 조성을 분석하고, 제조한 SRF(Solid Refuse Fuel)의 발열량을 비교하였다. SRF 성형을 위해 함께 첨가한 첨가제는 귤박, 폐목재, 석탄이었으며, 함수율 30%를 기준으로 각각의 첨가제를 혼합하여 압출방법을 통해 펠렛 형태로 제조하였다. 실험결과, SRF의 성형성은 중유회와 석탄 또는 귤박을 혼합한 조건에서 우수하였으며, 발열량은 석탄을 혼합한 SRF가 4,274 kcal/kg 으로 가장 높았다. 따라서 중유회를 활용한 고형연료의 합성 조건은 20 wt%의 석탄을 혼합하여 함수율 30%로 제어하였을 때, 높은 성형성과 발열량의 향상을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과로부터 J 화력발전소의 중유회를 활용하여 첨가제(귤박, 폐목재, 석탄)를 일정 비율로 주입하였을 때 고형연료의 제조 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.192-204
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• 2018

In this study, a 3D CFD analysis method for the combustion process was established for a low calorific value syngas-diesel dual-fuel engine operating under very lean fuel-air mixture condition. Also, the accuracy of computational analysis was evaluated by comparing the experimental results with the computed ones. To simulate the combustion for the dual-fuel engine, a new dual-fuel chemical kinetics set was used that was constituted by merging two verified chemical kinetic sets: n-heptane (173 species) for diesel and Gri-mech 3.0 (53 species) for syngas. For dual-fuel mode operations, the early stage of combustion was dominated by the fuel burning inside or near the spray plume. After which, the flame propagated into the syngas in the piston bowl and then proceeded toward the syngas in the squish zone. With the baseline injection system and piston shape, a significant amount of unburned syngas was discharged. To solve this problem, effects of the injection parameters and piston shape on combustion characteristics were analyzed by calculation. The change in injection variables toward increasing the spray plume volume or the penetration length were effective to cause fast burning in the vicinity of TDC by widening the spatial distribution of diesel acting as a seed of auto-ignition. As a result, the unburned syngas fraction was reduced. Changing the piston shape with the shallow depth of the piston bowl and 20% squish area ratio had a significant effect on the combustion pattern and lessened the unburned syngas fraction by half.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2021

This study executed evaluation of drying characteristics based on the polymer injection rate (8%, 10% and 12%) and the drying method[NIF(near-infrared ray). According to this study analyzed VS, VS/TS, and calorific value compared with 'the auxiliary fuel standard of the thermoelectric power plant and the combined heat & power plant'. The results are as follows. In the case of NIR, the VS was slightly changed at the early stage of the material preheating period and the constant drying rate period with low moisture evaporation. But VS reduction was shown higher as moisture was dried. In the case of non-digested sludge with high VS content, the VS reduction rate by drying was shown lower than that of digested sludge. As the flocculant injection rate increased, the VS loss due th drying was found to be small. Also, the higher the flocculant injection rate was the longer the drying time. Especially, in the case of the NIR drying equipment, as the moisture content of sewage sludge decreased(moisture content 20~40%), the loss of net VS also showed a tendency to increase sharply. It is shown that the high calorific value according to the drying time of the non-digested sludge was changed from 590 kcaℓ/kg to 3,005 kcaℓ/kg and from 539 kcaℓ/kg to 2,796 kcaℓ/kg.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2023

본 연구는 가축분뇨를 가스화 하여 연료 가스를 생산하는 공정의 경제성과 탄소배출 관점에서의 지속가능성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 고려한 가스화 공정은 가스화 시설, 연료가스 정제 시설 및 생산 가스를 수요처를 수송하기 위한 파이프 라인의 설치까지 전체 시설을 고려하여 해당 기술의 현실적인 타당성을 평가하였다. 해당 연구는 실험 결과를 반영하는 ASPEN PLUS 시뮬레이션을 토대로 도출되었다. 경제성 및 CO₂ 전 주기 평가 결과, 축분 가스화를 통해 얻어진 연로가스는 발열량은 낮지만, 높은 수소 함량으로 천연가스와 가격적으로 경쟁력이 있다는 결과를 확인하였다. 특히, 탄소 배출 측면에서 높은 수소 함량으로 연료를 연소하였을 때 발열량당 배출되는 이산화탄소의 양이 천연가스에 비해 낮아 탄소 배출량 감축에 기여할 수 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 또한 다양한 시나리오 분석을 통해 외부 요인 및 정책적 요인에 따른 경제성을 확인하였고, 재무 재표 분석을 통해 해당 기술을 실질적인 사업화 가능성을 평가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.207-221
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• 2023

The increasing demand for clean energy requires considerable effort to find alternative energy sources, such as briquettes. This research aims to develop a charcoal briquette with added pine resin (API) that has excellent combustion speed and distinctive aroma. Briquettes are composed of charcoal, pine resin (concentration: 0%-30%), and starch (up to 7%). They are produced in several stages, including coconut shell pyrolysis in conventional combustion, to obtain charcoal for the briquette precursor. Briquette compaction is conducted by mixing and densifying the charcoal, pine resin, and starch using a hydraulic press for 3 min. The hydraulic press has a total surface area and diameter of 57.7 cm² and 3.5 cm, respectively. The briquettes are dried at different temperatures, reaching 70℃ for 24 h. The study results show that the briquettes have a thickness and diameter of up to 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively; moisture of 2.18%-2.62%; ash of 11.61%-13.98%; volatile matter of 27.15%-51.74%; and fixed carbon content of 40.24%-59.46%. The compressive strength of the briquettes is 186-540 kg/cm². Their calorific value is 5,338-6,120 kcal/kg, combusting at a high speed of 0.15-0.40 s. The methoxy naphthalene, phenol, benzopyrrole, and lauryl alcohol; ocimene, valencene, and cembrene are found in the API. The API briquette has several chemical compounds, such as musk ambrette, ocimene, sabinene, limonene, 1-(p-cumenyl) adamantane, butane, and propanal, which improve aroma, drug application, and fuel production. Accordingly, API briquettes have considerable potential as an alternative energy source and a health improvement product.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제71권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1985

충청지역(忠淸地域)에서 조림(造林)되고 있는 주요(主要) 침엽수림(針葉樹林) 수피이용(樹皮利用)의 개선(改善)에 필요(必要)한 기초(基礎)를 얻고자 소나무, 리기다소나무, 잣나무 및 낙엽송 수피(樹皮)의 일반적(一般的) 조성분(組成分)과 수피율(樹皮率) 및 발숙량(發熟量)을 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 수피(樹皮)는 목재(木材)에 비(比)하여 추출물(抽出物)과 lignin 함유량(含有量)이 많다. 그리고 잣나무수피(樹皮)는 낙엽송, 소나무 및 리기다소나무보다 alcohol-benzene 추출물량(抽出物量)이 가장 많았다. 또한 pentosan 함유량(含有量)은 목재(木材)에 비(比)하여 수피(樹皮)가 일반적(一般的)으로 적지만 낙엽송수피(樹皮)에서는 도리어 많았다. 2) 수피(樹皮)의 pH는 3.5~4.1의 범위를 보이고 일반적(一般的)으로 목재(木材)보다 더 산성(酸性)이었다. 그리고 수피(樹皮)의 회분(灰分) 함유량(含有量)은 1.98~2.78%로 목재(木材)에 비(比)하여 월등히 많았다. 3) 수피율(樹皮率)은 원목체적(原木體積)의 13.9~19.8%를 점(占)하고 있으며 수피(樹皮)의 발숙량(發熟量)은 목재(木材)보다 높았다. 그리고 수종별(樹種別) 수피(樹皮)의 발숙량(發熟量)이 높은 순(順)으로는 잣나무(5,504 kcal/kg), 리기다소나무, 낙엽송 및 소나무이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.231-243
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 인도네시아 오일 팜 재배 및 CPO 생산 공정으로부터 발생되는 바이오매스의 에너지 이용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 오일 팜 플렌테이션에서 발생하는 바이오매스의 잠재성을 분석하였다. 인도네시아의 오일 팜 재배 면적은 2011년 8.9 백만 ha에 달하고 있으며, 2020년까지 13 백만 ha로 확대될 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 2011년 면적을 기준으로 하였으며, 바이오매스의 분석은 오일 팜 재배 시에 발생되는 바이오매스와 CPO 생산 공정 중 발생하는 바이오매스 부산물의 양으로 단계를 구분하여 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과로 2011년 오일 팜 재배 과정에서 발생하는 바이오매스는 줄기, 가지, 뿌리를 포함하여 최소 3 백만 ton에서 최대 16 백만 ton에 이를 것으로 분석되었으며, CPO 제조 공정에서는 건조 중량 기준 49 백만 ton이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이것을 건조 기준 고위발열량으로 환산을 할 경우, 593 천 TOE에서 3,197 천 TOE의 에너지가 발생하며, CPO 제조 공정 중 발생하는 바이오매스는 건조중량 기준 48,914 천 ton이 발생하는 것으로 추정되며, 바이오매스 부산물의 에너지량은 고위발열량 기준 22,722 천 TOE, 저위발열량 기준으로 16,330 천 TOE가 발생하는 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서, 2011년 인도네시아의 오일 팜 재배와 CPO 생산으로부터 고위 발열량 기준으로 25,919 천 TOE의 오일 팜 바이오매스 부산물이 발생한 것으로 분석되었다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Wastes such as shredder dust of disposed vehicles can be decomposed into low calorific flammable gases by Pyrolysis gasification. A stationary electric Power generation using an internal combustion engine fuelled with the waste-pyrolysis gas is an effective way to ease both waste management and energy saving issues. The waste-pyrolysis gas mainly consists of H$_2$, CO, $CO_2$ and $N_2$. The composition and heating value of the gas generated depend on the conversion process and the property of the initial waste. This research analyzed the characteristics of the combustion and the exhaust emissions in a premixed charge spark ignition engine fuelled with several kinds of model gases, which were selected to simulate the pyrolysis-gases of automobile shredder dusts. The influences of the heating value and composition of the fuel were analyzed parametrically. Furthermore, optical analyses of the combustion flame were made to study the influence of the fuel's inert gas on the flame propagation.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.255-257
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• 2014

The installation of light oil facilities or delayed cokers seems to be inevitable in the oil refinery industry due to the heavy crude oil reserves and the increased use of light fuels as petroleum products. Petroleum coke is a byproduct of oil refineries and it has higher fixed carbon content, higher calorific value, and lower ash content than coal. However, its sulfur content and heavy metal content are higher than coal. In spite of disadvantages, petroleum coke might be one of promising resources due to gasification processes. The gasification of petroleum coke can improve economic value of oil refinery industries by handling cheap, toxic wastes in an environment-friendly way. In this study, $CO_2$ gasification reaction kinetics of petroleum coke, various coals and mixing coal with petroleum coke have investigated and been compared by using TGA. The kinetics of $CO_2$ gasification has been performed with petroleum coke, 3 kinds of bituminous coal [BENGALLA, White Haven, TALDINSKY], and 3 kinds of sub-bituminous coal [KPU, LG, MSJ] at various temperature[$1100-1400^{\circ}C$].

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.509-520
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding rosemary extract powder (REP) to pork teokgalbi on its quality and storage characteristics. Five types of teokgalbi were tested, viz. with no REP added (normal, N), with 0.05% ascorbic acid added (control, C) and with 0.05% (R1), 0.1% (R2) and 0.2% (R3) of REP added. The proximate composition, calorific value, water holding capacity and cooking loss were not significantly different among the different types of pork teokgalbi. The L and a values of the teokgalbi containing REP were significantly lower than those of the N and C groups. As regards the textural characteristics, the addition of 0.2% REP increased the springiness value. In the sensory evaluation, the teokgalbi with the addition of 0.1% REP had higher scores in flavor and total acceptability. The 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, total microbial count and volatile basic nitrogen content of the teokgalbi containing 0.2% REP were lower than those of the N group. In conclusion, R3 was significantly more effective in delaying lipid peroxidation than the other treatment groups. Therefore, rosemary extract could be used as a natural antioxidant in meat products.