• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.2648-2656
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• 2011

A simple HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated to determine B group vitamin content (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine and folic acid) in supplemented food samples, i.e., infant formula, cereal, low-calorie food, a multi-vitamin pill and a vitamin drink. In this study, the most significant advantages were simultaneous determination of the six B group vitamins in various food matrices and a small number of sample treatment steps that required only an organic solvent, acetonitrile. Moreover, this method prevents reduction of column durability, because the mobile phase does not contain ion-pairing reagents. Analytes were separated on a Develosil RPAQUEOUS $C_{30}$ (4.6 mm ${\times}$ 250 mm, 5 ${\mu}M$ particle size) column with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) at a flow rate between 0.8 and 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed at 275 nm, except for that of pantothenic acid (205 nm). The calibration curves for all six vitamins showed good linearity with correlation coefficients ($r^2$) higher than 0.995. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and stability. The method showed good precision and accuracy, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation less than 15% at all concentrations. The recovery was carried out according to the standard addition procedure, with yields ranging from 89.8 to 104.4%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of vitamin B groups in supplemented food products.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.342-352
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• 2016

Purpose: This study conducted an Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) of selective attributes of Home Meal Replacement (HMR) as well as it examined the consumers' needs and willingness to buy HMR products to explore the need for developing more HMR products. Methods: This study was conducted among domestic consumers living in Seoul and its metropolitan areas, in the age range from the 20s to the 50s, and who had experience in purchasing HMR products. From the 490 surveys retrieved, 472 (96.3%) valid surveys were analyzed. Results: The analysis of the frequency of consuming HMR products showed the following results: 247 respondents answered '1-3 times a month' (52.3%); 167 respondents stated '1-2 times a week' (35.3%). With respect to the reason of purchase, 'simplicity of the recipe' was the most common, accounting for 188 respondents (39.8%), followed by 'time efficiency' accounting for 172 respondents (36.4%). Analysis of the demand for bibimbap (mixed rice) HMR products showed that 'chicken bibimbap' had the highest preference with 5.32 points, followed by 'bulgogi bibimbap' (5.08 points), and 'kimchi bibimbap' (4.96 points). In the case of HMR products that need to undergo further development, 'low-sodium products' received the highest points of 5.41 points, followed by 'small packaged products' (5.05 points), and 'functional products' (4.98 points). The factor analysis of the 13 selective attributes showed that they can be divided into 3 factors. The IPA analysis of the selective attributes of HMRs showed 'hygiene', 'taste', 'easy to go packaging', 'convenience in intake', and 'accessibility' in the 1st quadrant. In the 2nd quadrant, 'price' and 'freshness' were shown as the factors. In the 3rd quadrant, 'easy to serve', 'familiar food menu', and 'consistent menu' were shown as the leading factors, and in the 4th quadrant, 'saving labor' was the only factor. Conclusion: Based on these results, the research concludes that with respect to developing HMR products, there is a high demand for low sodium, low calorie, small packaged products; thus, showing the need to develop various HMR products for customer satisfaction. Furthermore, it shows that there is a need to consider developing HMR products that can maintain freshness at an affordable price.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.409-416
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the eating habits and preference of snacks for students in Chungnam province. Questionnaires were collected from 333 students, which were divided into male and female, food nutrition majors and non-majors, and weight groups according to BMI. The results obtained were as follows; 1. 62.8% of students responded that they were healthy. A significant difference on the health question was found between male and female students (p<.05). Male students responded more positively to the question related to health than the females, saying they felt healthy (71.1%). There was no significance between the different majors, but a significant difference was found in weight groups compared to normal groups (p<.05). 2. 72.1% of respondents enjoyed omnivorous meals. The significant differences were not found in gender groups and major groups. However, there was a significant difference between the weights of the students (p<.01). 3. Most of the students liked sweet foods (42.3%). The significant difference was found in gender groups for food tastes. The male students preferred spicy foods (37.0%), but the females preferred sweet foods (49.5%). Taste for the major and weight groups was not significantly different. 4. 50.5% of respondents answered that they frequently ate snacks. The significance was found in gender groups (p<.01). The females had a higher intake of snacks than the males. The significant difference for taste was not shown in the major group, but was found in the weight groups (p<.05). 5. Students preferred snacks and candy (16.8%). The males liked dairy products (19.3%), while the females preferred snacks and candy (23.7%). Students majoring in food nutrition have a tendency to prefer snacks (32.1%). Appropriate calorie intake and desirable eating habits should be recommended for healthy control and maintenance of students through eating nutritionally balanced foods.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop the oriental therapeutic menu(Yak-sun) through the recognition and necessity of oriental medicine diet in stroke patients admitted to K Oriental Medical Hospital. From May to July 2007, the 73 stroke patients were surveyed for the recognition and necessity of oriental therapeutic menu. The oriental therapeutic menu was developed on the basis of literature of oriental medicine books and research papers. The developed two week cycle of menus were then reviewed by the experts and specialists. The sensory evaluation and nutritional analysis of the menu were followed. The stroke patients who participated in the survey did not know about the oriental medical diet, however, 61.6% of the patients had interest. Most of the patients expected the efficacy of oriental therapeutic diets. Total of forty three medical herbs and ten herb-combined prescriptions were used in the menu. The daily average calorie of developed menu was 2,031 $\pm$ 57.6 kcal and the most of nutrients met Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean(KDRIs). The caloric ratios of carbohydrates, protein, and lipid were 61.3%, 18.7%, 20.0%, respectively. The average values of cholesterol(194 $\pm$ 57.5 mg/day), sodium(3,078 $\pm$ 678.5 mg/day), calcium(1,099 $\pm$ 140.1 mg/day), and dietary fiber(33 $\pm$ 7.0 g/day) were met Korean dietary guide line for stroke patients. Oriental therapeutic diet might be unfamiliar to the hospital patients even though they had interest in and favorable thought about it. Implements of oriental therapeutic diet to the hospital patients might be useful to improve the quality of service in the hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 1999

Carbohydrate(CHO) counting is a meal planning approach used with diabetic patients that focuses on carbohydrate as the primary nutrient affecting post-prandial glycemic response. However, it has not been used in meal management of diabetic patients in Korea. CHO counting can be used by clients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The purpose of the study was to determine the barriers to utilize the CHO counting when three levels of CHO counting were educated to type 2 diabetic patients who started continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSⅡ) therapy by nutrition lectures and counseling. And the CHO-to-insulin ratios were determined for the individual patients who followed the carbohydrate counting as a meal management, and the factors to influence the CHO-to-insulin ratios were selected through the stepwise regression analysis. Twenty- four subjects were received three lectures, and one or two nutritional counseling for a month. The average age of the subjects was 50.7 years, and the duration of diabetes was 9.4 years. Their body mass index (BMI) was 21.5 kg/$m^2$. The difficulties of using CHO counting were 1) confusing the CHO exchange system to diabetic food exchange system, 2) lack of basic nutrition and not distinguishing nutrients such as CHO, fat and calorie, and 3) lack of motivation to make effort to count and record the amount of carbohydrates eaten. Nutritional counseling replenished the nutrition education and made patients practice CHO counting. Average CHO-to-insulin ratios at breakfast, lunch and dinner were 4.1$\pm$3.3, 2.9$\pm$2.6 and 2.9$\pm$3.0units/23g of CHO, respectively. CHO-to-insulin ratios were influenced by gender, age, BMI, post-prandial blood glucose levels and post-prandial c-peptide levels. The effective education and nutritional counseling of CHO counting can make CHO counting applicable to type 2 diabetic patients as meal management for improving glycemic control with less hypoglycemic episode.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.31-32
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• 2005

Neoagaro-oligosaccharides are produced only by enzymatic degradation of agarose by ${\beta}-agarase.^{1)}$ Neoagaro-oligosaccharides inhibit the growth of bacteria, slow the rate of degradation of starch, are used as low-calorie additives to improve food quality, and have macrophage-stimulating activity. Furthermore, neoagarobiose is a rare reagent that has both moisturizing effect on skin and whitening effect on melanoma $cells.^{2)}$ An agar-degrading marine bacterium was isolated from the sea water at the northeast coast in Cheju island, Korea. The strain was gram negative, aerobic, and motile rod. The 16S rRNA of the strain had the closest match of 98% homology, with that from Agarivorans albus. On the basis of several phenotypic characters and a phylogenetic analysis, this strain was designated Agarivorans sp. JA-1. In solid agar plate, Agarivorans sp. JA-1 produced a diffusible agarase that caused agar softening around the colonies. Agarivorans sp. JA-1 was cultured for 36 hr in marine broth 2216 (Difco, USA) and the supernatant that containing an extracellular ${\beta}-agarase$ was prepared by centrifugation of culture media. The enzyme exhibited relatively strong activity at $40^{\circ}C$ and was stable up to $60^{\circ}C$. Using PCR primers derived from the ${\beta}-agarase$ gene of Vibrio sp., the gene encoding ${\beta}-agarase$ from Agarivorans sp. JA-1 was cloned and sequenced. The structural gene consists of 2931 bp encoding 976 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 107,360 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 99% and 34% homology to $agaA^{2)}$ and $agaB^{2)}$ genes for ${\beta}-agarase$ from Vibrio sp., respectively. The expression plasmid for ${\beta}-agarase$ gene of Agarivorans sp. JA-1 is being constructed and the recombinant enzyme will be biochemically characterized.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.155-182
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• 1997

Objectives : This study was designed to compare North Korea and South Korea in measures of the quality of life (physical quality of life index and human development index) and to investigate the impact of selected medical and socioeconomic factors on PQL variables. Data and Methods : The World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme, and Population Reference Bureau were the principal sources of statistical data of 121 countries. Variables included infant mortality, life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, secondary school enrollment (male and female), GNP per capita, population per doctor, daily calorie supply per capita, and a composite PQL index. The Ordinary Least Square model was employed for cross-countries analysis. Findings : Both countries under quite different political and economic systems saw big improvememts in the quality of life, reducing mortality and prolonging life expectancy during the past three decades. In recent decad, however, North Korea has experienced abrupt exacerbation in the quality of life. Significant improvements in infant mortality of the population wer attributable mainly to GNP per capita and the secondary school enrollemt of female. The principal predictors of life expectancy at birth were population per doctor, infant mortality, and literacy rate. The secondary school enrollment of female and population per doctor were significantly associated with improvements in the physical quality of life index (PQLI). Conclusion : The results of this study confirmed a point illustrated by other studies : The association between quality of life as a measure of health status and socioeconomic factors was strong and positive. The important contribution of educational attainment in general, female education level in particular to improvements in the quality of life deserves good news for building an integrated health care system in the reunified Korea, taking into account the high level of education two koreas are enjoying. Meanwhile, when a sharp drop in the quality of life has been observed in North Korea under serious economic difficulties and food shortage in recent decade, the significant contribution of economic development to improvements in the quality of life poses bad nows for reunifying Korean health care in economic terms.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.157-169
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• 2008

On the general trends of weight control for slimness, this study surveyed and compared eating attitude influenced by eating disorder, eating habits, and nutrition knowledge by obesity index in middle school girls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating disorders and eating habits, and analyzed these data by degree of obesity. This will provide basic information of nutrition education for adolescents who need to have proper body shape and dieting habits. This survey was conducted to one of girls' middle school in Incheon and all the data was analysed by SAS(Statistical Analysis System) program. The average height, weight and PIBW were 158.7cm, 48.2kg, and 93.9% in students. However, 50.8% of students were underweight or severely underweight. Most of female students perceived that they were normal or overweight even though they had underweight or normal. There was a significant difference in experience and intention of weight control by degree of obesity. In the overweight group, EAT-26 score tendency was high, especially preoccupation with losing weight(factor 1). It shows that obesity index had meaningful correlation with EAT-26 score and factor1. In dietary habit, overweight group showed more irregular meals tendency, and overeat frequently. On the other hand, this group had lower frequency and of smaller amount snacks. The intake frequency of meals and snacks showed in the affirmative way regardless of degree of obesity. The average score for nutrition knowledge about calorie and weight control was low. Correct answer rates were increased in higher overweight group. In conclusion, teenage girls who concerned too much about their slim body image need to be educated about accuracy concept of the body image. Also, practical and systematic nutrition education should be done for the correct nutrition knowledge and its application ability of individuals.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2015

Relationship between lipid intake and obesity has been well-addressed but recent findings indicated that the type of lipid or composition of lipid in the diet also contributes to body fat accumulation and consequential health outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of nutrition intake including fatty acids, lipids and lipid soluble nutrients between the obese and lean college students and to analyze the relationship between the intake of certain fatty acids and body fat accumulation. Anthropometric elements including body weight, height, body fat and composition were measured, and dietary recall was conducted on a total of 114 college students. Data showed that total calorie intake and total lipid intake were not significantly different between the obese and lean subjects, in both male and female students. However, male obese subjects ate more amount of plant lipids and palmitic acids (C16:0) from their diet (p<0.05), while female obese subjects consumed more linoleic acids (18:2) and linolenic acids (C18:3) compared to normal subjects (p<0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that the consumption of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and lipid soluble vitamin D were negatively (p<0.05) correlated with body fat accumulation in all subjects and these findings were supported by simple linear regression analyses for those variables. These results implicate that rather than only considering the amount of lipids, suggesting a proper type of lipids or lipid metabolites can be considered in nutrition counseling or education.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.134-142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nutrition education on elementary school students based on the theory of multiplex intelligence. Of the 56 elementary school students that participated in this survey, 37 (66.0%) had no siblings. The number of students whose mothers had jobs and those whose mothers did not work were 37 (67.9%) and 18 (32.1%), respectively. Food consumption with ordinary diets was normal in 23 students (41.1%) and the average frequency of snack intake and eating-out was determined to be twice a day (41 students, 73.2%) and once or twice per week (36 students, 64.3%), respectively. The most popular type of food consumed when eating-out was 'fast foods' in 28 students (50.0%). It was determined that on average, 39 students (69.6%) snacked between lunch and dinner time and 31 (55.4%) selected snacks based on information obtained through 'mass media'. Analysis of the effects of nutrition education revealed an increase in the number of correct answers to the question 'foods with high nutritional value are high calorie foods,' with significant difference, but not in other questionnaires. In addition, the correct information for calcium (p<.05), good dietary habits (p<.001), food poisoning (p<.05), and six groups of nutrients in foods (p<.001) improved after nutrition education, with significant differences. As a result, the ratio of correct answers increased after nutrition education, with a significant difference (p<.001). After the education, the experimental group had a higher total score than the control group, with significant difference (p<.01).