• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.363-374
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• 2024

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) seeds, which account for 40% of the fruit, have been used as a raw material for biofuels, and the seed shells remaining after their extraction are wasted. In this study, we investigated the potential of waste Nyamplung seed shells in the form of pellets as a biomass energy resource. A completely randomized research design was implemented to evaluate the effects of torrefaction and heat treatment on the quality of produced pellets. Two observed treatments, namely, particle size (0.18-0.25, 0.25-0.43, and 0.43-0.84 mm) and torrefaction temperature (200℃, 225℃, and 250℃), were investigated. Our results showed that the calorific value of torrefied Nyamplung seed-shell pellets ranged from 4,245.60 to 4,528.00 cal/g, fulfilling the Indonesia Nasional Standard (≥ 4,000 cal/g). The quality of pellets were the best when produced from raw materials with a particle size of 0.18-0.25 mm and torrefaction temperature of 225℃. Thus, we concluded that waste Nyamplung seed shells are a good raw material for the production of pellets.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2024

This study aimed to analyze the anti-termite properties of tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) stem bark extracts against subterranean termites, specifically, Coptotermes curvignathus. The bark powder of C. inophyllum was extracted using different solvents, such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, using the maceration method. Anti-termite testing was performed using two paper disc methods: no- and two-choice tests. Whatman test paper was dripped with the extract solutions at concentrations of 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% (w/v). Subsequently, the treated paper disc was placed into an acrylic tube, and the subterranean termite was added. The parameters utilized in the test included termite mortality and the weight loss of the test paper. The results revealed that the total extract yield of C. inophyllum stem bark was 30.24%. Furthermore, the extractive substances from C. inophyllum bark exhibited anti-termite activity. The most favorable outcomes were obtained with the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts at a concentration of 10%. The termite mortality and weight loss of the test paper were respectively 66% and 5.67% for the n-hexane extract and 66.67% and 6.19% for the ethyl acetate extract. In addition, the n-hexane extract contained friedelan-3-one, while the ethyl acetate extract contained 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, dinonyl ester, and friedelan-3-one. The results suggested that these compounds are responsible for the observed anti-termite activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.220-222
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• 2004

A new prenylated pyranoxanthone, inophyllin B (1), was isolated from the roots of Calophyllum inophyllum (Guttiferae). Together with this compound was also isolated the known pyranoxanthone brasilixanthone B (2) and two common triterpenes friedelin (3) and sitosterol (4). Structural elucidations of these compounds were achieved through $^1H,\;^{13}C$, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC experiments. The molecular mass was determined using MS techniques. The crude extract indicated weak toxicity to the larvae of Aedes aegypti. We report here the isolation, structural elucidation and bioassay data for Inophyllin B and brasilixanthone B.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2016

This paper reports in vitro cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and adipocyte diffentiation with adipogenic effects of coumarins inophyllum D (1) and calanone (2), and a chromanone carboxylic acid namely isocordato-oblongic acid (3) isolated from Calophyllum symingtonianum as well as a biflavonoid morelloflavone (4) isolated from Garcinia prainiana on MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity study on MCF-7 cell was conducted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Meanwhile, the study of anti-inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 macrophages and adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were conducted through nitrite determination assay and induction of adipocyte differentiation, respectively. In the cytotoxicity study, inophyllum D (1) was the only compounds that exhibited significant cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cell with $IC_{50}$ of $84{\mu}g/mL$. Further, all by inhibiting the compounds have shown anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages of nitrite concentration with production. In addition, the compounds also exhibited adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by stimulating lipid formation. Thus, this study may provide significant input in discovery of the potential effects cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and adipogenic agents.