• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 1988

Calcium oxide, lithium oxide and titanium oxide were investigated as additives of zinc oxide for the removal of hydrogen sulfide at high temperature. This experiment was performed in the range of 1.0-2.0 vol.% H$_2$S concentration at 623-873 K reaction temperature, using a thermogravimetric analyzer. A pore blocking model was found to fit the reaction rate and the kinetics data were sucessfully expressed by this model. The reactions between additive sorbents and hydrogen sulfide were first order with respect to hydrogen sulfide concentration in a gaseous mixture with nitrogen. Among the used sorbents, ZnO-CaO 0.5 at.% and ZnO-TiO$_2$ 2.0 at.% sorbents had the best additive effects on the sulfidation reaction between additive sorbents and hydrogen sulfide, whereas the ZnO-Li$_2$O sorbents were ineffective.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.22-28
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• 1997

In this paper, We have studied internal quality incluiding chemical compositions, microscopic structure and nonmetalic inclusion of test material. We have analyzed dynamic characteristics of cutting resistence and compared chip treatment of the test material. In analyzing internal quality, all of the test material have typical ferrite+pearlite structure. But, nonmetallic inclusion has oxide and sulfide inclusion has oxide and sulfide inclusion in medium carbon steel, mainly sulfide inclusion is existed in S-free cutting steel. In Ca+S-free cutting steel, calcium aluminate and sulfide complex inclusion, had low-melting point, as deformation of sulfide and oxide inclusion is existed. Machining characteristics, cutting resistence is maximum in medium carbon steel. Chip treatement are excellent in S-free cutting steel, similar to the Ca+S free cutting steel and medium carbon steel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1998

We have studied internal quality including chemical compositions, microscopic structure and nonmetallic inclusion of test materials. We have analyzed tensile strength value, hardness value, impact value etc. In analyzing internal quality, all of the test materials showed typical ferrite+pearlite structure. But nonmetallic inclusion showed oxide and sulfide inclusions in medium carbon steels, and sulfide inclusion is S-free cutting steels. In ca+ S-free cutting steels, the calcium aluminate and sulfide complex inclusion had low-melting points as deformation of sulfide and oxide inclusion is existed. It was found that tensile strength and hardness give maximum value in medium carbon steels, where as minimum in Ca + -free cutting steels. But values of elongation, reduction of area impact are reverse. Fracture surface of impact specimen is ductile in free cutting steels but brittle in medium cabon steels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.97-101
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• 1996

In this paper, We have studied internal quality incluiding chemical compositions, microscopic structrue and nonmetalic inclusion of test materials. We have analyzed dynamic characteristics of cutting resistence including tensile strength value, hardeness value, impact value etcs. We have compared chip treatments of test materials. In analyzing internal quality, all of test materials have typical ferrite+pearlite structure. But, nonmetallic inclusion have oxide and sulfide inclusion in medium carbon steels, mainly sulfide inclusion is existed in S-free cutting steels. In Ca+S-free cutting steels, calcium aluminate and sulfide complex inclusion, had low-melting points, as deformation of sulfide and oxide inclusion is existed. machining characteristics, cutting resistence is maximum in Ca+S-free cutting steels, minimum in medium carbon steels. Chip treatements are excellent in S-free cutting steels, similar to the Ca+S free cutting steels and medium carbon steels.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.437-441
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• 2000

A study on the removal of Pb ion from Pb-contaminated soil was carried out using ex-site extraction process. Tartaric acid (TA) and iminodiacetic acid sodium salt(IDA) as a washing agent were evaluated as a function of concentration reaction time mixing ratio of washing agent and recycling of washing agent. TA showed a better extraction performance than IDA. The optimum washing condition of TA and IDA were in the ratio of 1:15 and 1:20 between soil and acid solution during 1 hr reaction. The total concentrations of Pb ion by TA and IDA at three repeated extraction were 368.8 ppm and 267.5 ppm respectively. The recovery of Pb ion from washing solution was achieved by adding calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide form the precipitation of lead hydroxide and lead sulfide and optimum amounts of sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide were 7 g/$\ell$ for the TA washing solution and 4 g/$\ell$, 5g/$\ell$ for the IDA washing solution respectively. The efficiency of recycle for TA and IDA washing solution were 78.8% , 95.1%, and 89.2%, 96.6% at third extractions under $Na_2S$ and $Ca(OH)_2$, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2000

A study on the remediation of heavily for ion contaminated soils from abandoned iron mine was carried out, using ex-situ extraction process. Also, oxalic acid as a complex agent was evaluated as a function of concentration, reaction time and mixing ratio of washing agent in order to evaluate Fe removability of the soil contaminated from the abandoned iron mine. Oxalic acid showed a better extraction performance than 0.1N-HCl, i.e., the concentrations of Fe ion extracted from the abandoned mine for the former at uncontrolled pH and the latter were 1,750 ppm and 1,079 ppm, respectively. The optimum washing condition of oxalic acid was in the ratio of 1:5 and 1:10 between soil and acid solution during l hr reaction. The total concentrations of Fe ion by oxalic acid and EDTA at three repeated extraction, were 4,554 ppm and 864 ppm, respectively. The recovery of Fe ions from washing solution was achieved, forming hydroxide precipitation and metal sulfide under excess of calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. In addition, the amounted of sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide for the optimal revovery of Fe were 15g/$\ell$ and 5g/$\ell$ from the oxalic acid complexes, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.144-153
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• 1998

Sorbents of calcined limestone and oyster particles having a diameter of about 0.63mm were exposed to simulate fuel gases containing 5000ppmv H2S for temperatures ranging from 600 to 800C in a TGA. The reaction between CaO and H2S proceds via an unreacted shrinking core mechanism. The sulfidation rate is likely to be controlled primarily by countercurrent diffusion through the product layer of calcium sulfide(CaS) formed. The kinetics of the sorption of H2S by CaO is sensitive to the reaction temperature and particle size, and the reaction rate of oyster was faster than the calcined limestone.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 1999

Sorbents of calcined limestone and oyster particles having a diameter of about 0.63mm were exposed to simulated fuel gases containing 5000ppm $H_2S$ for temperatures ranging from 600 to 80$0^{\circ}C$ in a TGA (Thermalgravimetric analyzer). The reaction between CaO and $H_2S$ proceeds via an unreacted shrinking core mechanism. The sulfidation rate is likely to be controlled primarily by countercurrent diffusion through the product layer of calcium sulfide(CaS) formed. The kinetics of the sorption of $H_2S$ by CaO is sensitive to the reaction temperature and particle size, and the reaction rate of oyster was faster than the calcined limestone.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.96.1-96
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.147.2-147
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• 1998