• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2010

Background and Objectives : Parathyroid adenoma is a rare disease in Korea, but the incidence of parathyroid adenoma has gradually increased due to generalized measurement of serum calcium and imaging study according to wide spread public health screening program. In previous researches, the analysis of clinical aspects were insufficient due to a few cases. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical analysis of surgically treated parathyroid adenoma with hyperparathyroidism. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of nineteen cases of parathyroid adenoma with hyperparathyroidism. Initial symptom to visit hospital, hypercalcemia associated medical symptom, surgical outcome and complication were investigated. Serum total calcium, parathyroid hormone, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase were checked before and after surgery. Imaging study was performed with combination of radionuclide parathyroid scan, ultrasonography and neck CT scan. Results : The initial symptoms were no symptom(6/19), pelvic pain(5/19), muscular weakness (3/19), bone pain(3/19) and palpable neck mass(2/19) in order of frequency. Serum total calcium, parathyroid hormone decreased and phosphate increased after surgery than before surgery statistically significantly. Sensitivities of parathyroid scan, neck ultrasonography and neck CT as preoperative localization test were 88.2%, 72.7%, 73.3% each. The most common postoperative complication was transient hypocalcemia(9/19). Conclusion : Similar to previous study, parathyroid adenomas have numerous clinical features and surgical treatment via unilateral approach with preoperatively localized single parathyroid adenoma was successful. In our study, parathyroid adenoma was predominantly detected by elevated serum calcium level with no clinical symptom so we need to evaluate parathyroid adenoma, if serum calcium elevated.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2000

Purpose : To investigate osseointergration of titanium implants into the tibia of rabbits, which were fed a low calcium diet and irradiated. Materials and Methods : To prepare the experimental model, control group was fed a normal diet and experimental group was fed a low calcium diet for 4 weeks. And then, titanium implants were inserted into the tibia of each rabbit. Experimental group was subdivided into two groups; low calcium diet/non-irradiation group and low calcium diet/irradiation group. The low calcium diet/irradiation group was irradiated with a single absorbed dose of 15 Gy at the 5th postoperative day. At 12, 19, 33, 47, and 61 days after implantation (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after irradiation), the bone formation in the bone-implant interface area was examined by light microscopy and fluorescent microscopy. Results and Conclusions: 1. In the control group, there began to form woven bone in the bone-implant interface area at 12 days after implantation. As the experimental time was going on, the amount of bone which was in contact with the implant was increased. 2. In the low calcium diet/non-irradiation group, there began to form woven bone in the bone-implant interface area at 19 days after implantation. Although the amount of bone which was in contact with the implant was increased as the experimental time was going on, the extent of increased bone was weak as compared with control group. 3. In the low calcium diet/irradiation group, there began to form woven bone incompletely in the bone-implant interface area at 19 days after implantation, but there were vascular connective tissues in the bone-implant interface area over the entire experimental period. 4. In the control group and low calcium diet/non-irradiation group, bone labeling bands were observed at 33 days after implantation, which suggests that the bone formation and remodeling was in process, but interstitial bone remodeling was not observed in the low calcium diet/irradiation group.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to establish experimental canine skin barrier disruption model, the study was designed to observe calcium ion in skin frozen tissue of canine skin and also the modulation of calcium ion distribution of normal skin with disrupted skin such as clipping, acetone, tape stripping damages according to time. To compare the changes of calcium ion gradient after damages, the distribution of calcium ion in the canine epidermis was visualized by blotting to gel containing chemical indicator (Calcium Green-1) with fluorescent microscope and the effects of skin barrier damages were examined according to time. Three mins and 1hr after acetone damage, the gradations of epidermis and hair follicle showed more radiant and disappeared after 48 hrs. On the contrary, 3mins and 1hr after tape stripping damage, the gradations showed more radiant than those of acetone damage, and these gradations were stabilized after 48 hrs. The method we presented here could show the visual image of the calcium ions in frozen tissue without further preparation, and it might be useful to investigate the role of calcium ion in the canine epidermal barrier recovery, however, it might be need further methodological improvement to get accurate quantitative information.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.714-719
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• 2017

The controlled synthesis of inorganic materials with a specific size and morphology is an important factor in the development of new materials in many fields, such as nanoparticles, medicine, electronics, semiconductors, pharmaceutical sand cosmetics. Solution crystallization is one of the most widely used separation processes in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Calcium carbonate has attracted a great deal of attention in industry because of its numerous applications. The mean crystal size, crystal size distribution and morphology are important factors in the continuous crystallization process. In this study, the continuous crystallization of calcium carbonate by the calcium chloride process was investigated. The mean crystal size and crystal size distribution data were obtained by a particle size analyzer. The morphological imaging of the crystalswasper formed by SEM. Under steady state operation, the mean crystal size change was small, but increasing the input concentration and mixing rate increased the crystal size. In this operation, some aragonite was found, but the main crystal phase was calcite.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.169-181
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• 2000

Purpose: To investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4 during eary tooth development after irradiation and calcium-deficient diet. Materials and Methods: The pregnant three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. The control group was non-irradiation/normal diet group (Group 1), and the experimental groups were irradiation/normal diet group (Group 2) and irradiation/calcium-deficient diet group (Group 3). The abdomen of the rats at the 9th day of pregnancy were irradiated with single dose of 350 cGy. The rat pups were sacrificed at embryonic 18 days, 3 days and 14 days after delivery and the maxillae tooth germs were taken. The tissue sections of specimen were stained immunohisto-chemically with anti-BMP-2/4 antibody. Results: At embryo-18 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was modetate in stratum intermedium of dental organ and weak in dental papilla and dental follicle, but that of Group 2 was weak in cell layer of dental organ, and no immunoreacivity was shown in dental papilla and dental follice of Group 2 and in all tissue components of the Group 3. At postnatal-3 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was strong in cell layer of dental organ, odontoblasts and developing alveolar bone, but that of Group of 2 and Group 3 was weak in odontoblasts and developing alveolar bone. At postnatal-14 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was strong in newly formed cementum, alveolar bone and odontoblasts, but that of Group 2 was weaker than that of Group 1. In the Group 3, tooth forming cell layer showed weak immunoreactivity, but other cell layers showed no immunoreactivity. Couclusion : The expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4 during early tooth development was disturbed after irradiation and calcium-deficient diet.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1147-1160
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• 2018

Soft-tissue calcification refers to a broad category of lesions. Calcifications are frequently identified by radiologists in daily practice. Using a simple algorithm based on the distribution pattern of the lesions and detailed clinical information, these calcified lesions can be systematically evaluated. The distribution pattern of the calcific deposits enables initial division into calcinosis circumscripta and calcinosis universalis. Using laboratory test results (serum calcium and phosphate levels) and clinical history, calcinosis circumscripta can be further categorized into four subtypes: dystrophic, iatrogenic, metastatic, and idiopathic calcification. This pictorial essay presents a systematic approach to the imaging features of soft-tissue calcifications and related diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.290-297
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• 2017

Background: The use of X-ray phase-contrast microtomography for the investigation of Chinese medicinal materials is advantageous for its nondestructive, in situ, and three-dimensional quantitative imaging properties. Methods: The X-ray phase-contrast microtomography quantitative imaging method was used to investigate the microstructure of ginseng, and the phase-retrieval method is also employed to process the experimental data. Four different ginseng samples were collected and investigated; these were classified according to their species, production area, and sample growth pattern. Results: The quantitative internal characteristic microstructures of ginseng were extracted successfully. The size and position distributions of the calcium oxalate cluster crystals (COCCs), important secondary metabolites that accumulate in ginseng, are revealed by the three-dimensional quantitative imaging method. The volume and amount of the COCCs in different species of the ginseng are obtained by a quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional microstructures, which shows obvious difference among the four species of ginseng. Conclusion: This study is the first to provide evidence of the distribution characteristics of COCCs to identify four types of ginseng, with regard to species authentication and age identification, by X-ray phase-contrast microtomography quantitative imaging. This method is also expected to reveal important relationships between COCCs and the occurrence of the effective medicinal components of ginseng.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1994

Purporse : It is known that detection of calcification by MRI is difficulty in intracranial calcified lesions, but author tried to evaluate the signal intensity image of calcification by MR with experimental model. Subjects & Methods : Author analyzed and compared with values of calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite phantoms by each concentration (10, 20, 30, 40, 50%) and size(1-10mm), measured ROI attenuating from CT and MRI(TlWI & T2WI). Results : The high concentration of calcium carbonate is, the lower the signal intensity of calcium carbonate phantom is both T1 & T2WI. For concentration of Hydroxyapatite of up to 30% by weight the signal intensity on standard T1 weighted images increased but subsequently decreased. Hyperintensity does not preclude calcification as a cause of the signal alteration-an observation that all radiologists interpreting MR images need to be aware of. Conclusion: The signal intensity of intracranial calcification is various on MR imaging in concerning with components, concentration, & size of calcification, and especially high signal intensity of intracranial calcification noted differencial diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.1413-1440
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• 2021

On MRI, abnormal signals of the intervertebral disc, destruction of the upper and lower vertebral body endplate around the disc, and bone marrow edema around the endplate are considered typical findings of infectious spondylitis. These findings can also appear in various non-infectious spinal diseases, such as degenerative changes, acute Schmorl's node, spondyloarthropathy, synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO), chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. The imaging findings of infectious spondylitis that can be differentiated from these non-infectious spinal diseases on MRI are high signal intensity and abscess of the disc space, an abscess in the paraspinal soft tissue, and the loss of the linear low signal intensity on T1-weighted images of the bony endplate. However, these differentiation points do not always apply since there are many similarities in the imaging findings of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Therefore, for an accurate diagnosis, it is important to know the imaging characteristics related to the pathophysiology of not only infectious spondylitis but also non-infectious spinal diseases, which requires differentiation from infection.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2018

Mitochondrial calcium overload is a crucial event in determining the fate of neuronal cell survival and death, implicated in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. One of the driving forces of calcium influx into mitochondria is mitochondria membrane potential (${\Delta}{\psi}_m$). Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ can be a promising strategy to prevent neuronal cell death against brain insults. Based on these issues, we investigated here whether nobiletin, a Citrus polymethoxylated flavone, prevents neurotoxic neuronal calcium overload and cell death via regulating basal ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ against neuronal insult in primary cortical neurons and pure brain mitochondria isolated from rat cortices. Results demonstrated that nobiletin treatment significantly increased cell viability against glutamate toxicity ($100{\mu}M$, 20 min) in primary cortical neurons. Real-time imaging-based fluorometry data reveal that nobiletin evokes partial mitochondrial depolarization in these neurons. Nobiletin markedly attenuated mitochondrial calcium overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in glutamate ($100{\mu}M$)-stimulated cortical neurons and isolated pure mitochondria exposed to high concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ ($5{\mu}M$). Nobiletin-induced partial mitochondrial depolarization in intact neurons was confirmed in isolated brain mitochondria using a fluorescence microplate reader. Nobiletin effects on basal ${\Delta}{\psi}_m$ were completely abolished in $K^+-free$ medium on pure isolated mitochondria. Taken together, results demonstrate that $K^+$ influx into mitochondria is critically involved in partial mitochondrial depolarization-related neuroprotective effect of nobiletin. Nobiletin-induced mitochondrial $K^+$ influx is probably mediated, at least in part, by activation of mitochondrial $K^+$ channels. However, further detailed studies should be conducted to determine exact molecular targets of nobiletin in mitochondria.