• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.427-437
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• 2019

Waste materials are being produced in huge quantities globally, and the usual practice is to dump them into legal or illegal landfills. Recycled tiles (RT) are being used in soil stabilisation which is considered as sustainable solution to reduce the amount of waste and solve the geotechnical problems. Although the stabilisation of soil using RT improved the soil properties, it could not achieve the standard values required for construction. Thus, this study uses 20% RT together with low cement content (2%) to stabilise soft soil. Series of consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted on untreated and RT-cement treated samples. Each test was performed at 7, 14, and 28 days curing period and 50, 100, and 200 kPa confining pressures. The results revealed an improvement in the undrained shear strength parameters (cohesion and internal frication angle) of treated specimens compared to the untreated ones. The cohesion and friction angle of the treated samples were increased with the increase in curing time and confining pressure. The peak deviator stress of treated samples increases with the increment of either the effective confining pressures or the curing period. Microstructural and chemical tests were performed on both untreated and RT-cement treated samples, which included field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The results indicated the formation of cementation compounds such as calcium aluminium hydrate (C-A-H) within the treated samples. Consequently, the newly formed compounds were responsible for the improvement observed in the results of the triaxial tests. This research promotes the utilisation of RT to reduce the amount of cement used in soil stabilisation for cleaner planet and sustainable environment.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.706-713
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• 2023

Background and objective: The ability to inhibit aggregation has been demonstrated with synthetically derived ginsenoside compounds G-Rp (1, 3, and 4) and ginsenosides naturally found in Panax ginseng 20(S)-Rg3, Rg6, F4, and Ro. Among these compounds, Rk3 (G-Rk3) from Panax ginseng needs to be further explored in order to reveal the mechanisms of action during inhibition. Methodology: Our study focused to investigate the action of G-Rk3 on agonist-stimulated human platelet aggregation, inhibition of platelet signaling molecules such as fibrinogen binding with integrin α_IIbβ₃ using flow cytometry, intracellular calcium mobilization, dense granule secretion, and thromboxane B₂ secretion. In addition, we checked the regulation of phosphorylation on PI3K/MAPK pathway, and thrombin-induced clot retraction was also observed in platelets rich plasma. Key Results: G-Rk3 significantly increased amounts of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and led to significant phosphorylation of cAMP-dependent kinase substrates vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP₃R). In the presence of G-Rk3, dense tubular system Ca²⁺ was inhibited, and platelet activity was lowered by inactivating the integrin αIIb/β₃ and reducing the binding of fibrinogen. Furthermore, the effect of G-Rk3 extended to the inhibition of MAPK and PI3K/Akt phosphorylation resulting in the reduced secretion of intracellular granules and reduced production of TXA₂. Lastly, G-Rk3 inhibited platelet aggregation and thrombus formation via fibrin clot. Conclusions and implications: These results suggest that when dealing with cardiovascular diseases brought upon by faulty aggregation among platelets or through the formation of a thrombus, the G-Rk3 compound can play a role as an effective prophylactic or therapeutic agent.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1249-1256
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 pilot 정수처리 공정 내에서 pH, 총용존고형물(TDS), 알칼리도 및 칼슘경도 등을 조절하여 송 배 급수관내의 CCPP(Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Potential)를 생성시켰으며 이 생성된 수용액이 모의관로에서 어느 정도 부식방지 효과가 있는지를 조사하였다. CCPP로 조절된 처리수는 실제 송 배 급수시스템에 사용되고 있는 상수도 관망의 재질을 선택하여 모의관로(Simulated Distribution System, SDS) pilot plant를 만들어 운전하였다. 운전결과 $Ca(OH)_2$, $CO_2$ gas, $Na_2CO_3$ 등으로 수질을 조절한 모의관로와 조절하지 않은 매설관로에서의 CCPP 농도는 평균 0.61 mg/L 및 -7.77 mg/L로 많은 차이를 보였다. 또한 수질을 조절한 모의관로와 조절하지 않은 매설관로 유출수의 Fe, Zn, Cu 이온들의 분석결과 모의관로의 경우가 매설관로에 비해 중금속 농도변화가 크게 저감되었다. 모의관로에서 CCPP 조절에 의해 형성된 피막은 6개월이 경과한 이후에는 scale이 형성되었으며 시간이 경과할수록 보다 조밀하고 고르게 형성되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 수질조절 후 형성된 방식 피막의 결정화합물 성분 및 구조를 파악하기 위해 아연도 강관 내벽에 형성된 scale의 XRD 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 10개월이 경과한 경우에는 $Zn_4CO_3(OH)_6{\cdot}H_2O$(Zinc Carbonate Hydroxide Hydrate)로 나타났으며 19개월이 경과한 후의 XRD 분석결과는 $CaCO_3$(Calcium Carbonate) 및 $ZnCO_3$(Smithsonite) 형태로 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2009

관행재배 과원의 토양에 여러 유기질 퇴비를 시비하였을 경우 배 과실의 품질특성의 차이를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 8년생 신고배에 쌀겨퇴비, 커피박퇴비, 키친퇴비(미생물지킴이(R)) 및 위의 3종 유기질 비료 복합 처리구를 배치하고 주당 10 kg 을 시비하였고, 대조구는 화학비료를 주당 60 g 시비하였다. 과실당도나 경도, 산도에서는 복합처리구에서 대조구보다 높았고 석세포 함량은 모든 유기질 비료처리구에서 대조구보다 낮았다. 과피와 과육에서의 DPPH 라디컬 소거활성은 모든 처리구에서 대조구보다 높아지는 경향을 나타냈고, 페놀화합물 함량도 과피와 과육에서 대조구보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 과피의 페놀화합물 함량은 처리구에 상관없이 과육보다 6배 정도 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 화학비료를 대체한 유기질 비료의 시용으로 배 과실내 석세포 감소와 품질 특성의 향상과 총 페놀함량 증가 및 DPPH 라디컬 소거활성이 증가하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1987

사과 잎속의 무기성분(無機成分) 함량(含量)이 사과나무 반점낙엽병(斑點落葉病)의 발병(發病)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하고, 사과나무 반점낙엽병균(斑點落葉病菌)에 대(對)한 Ca 화합물(化合物)의 균사생육억제(菌絲生育抑制) 효과를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 사과나무 반점낙엽병(斑點落葉病)의 이병정도(罹病程度)에 따른 품종별(品種別) 피해엽율(被害葉率)은 이병성품종(罹病性品種)이 84.8%, 중도저항성품종(中度抵抗性品種)이 8.1%, 저항성품종(抵抗性品種)이 0.5%이었고 엽당병반수(葉當病斑數)도 같은 경향(傾向)이었다. 품종별(品種別) 발병율(發病率)과 잎의 무기성분(無機成分) 관계(關係)에서 CaO 함량(含量)은 이병성품종(罹病性品種)보다 저항성품종(抵抗性品種)에서 많았으며 7, 8월(月)의 발병율(發病率) 및 엽당병반수(葉當病斑數)와 상관계수(相關係數)(r)가 각각(各各) -0.551, -0.585, -0.485로 유의성(有意性)이 있는 부(負)의 상관(相關)이 있어 Ca가 사과나무 반점낙엽병(斑點落葉病)의 저항성(抵抗性)에 관여하는 것으로 추정(推定)되었으나 T-N, $P_2O_5,\;K_2O,\;MgO,\;Na_2O$는 품종간(品種間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다. 사과나무 반점낙엽병균(斑點落葉病菌)은 배지(培地)의 pH가 $11{\sim}13$ 정도(程度)에서도 생육(生育)이 가능(可能)하였으며 CaO는 균사생육(菌絲生育) 저지(沮止) 효과가 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1484-1490
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• 2006

진주조개 가공 부산물인 패주의 효율적 이용과 더불어 신세대 기호에 맞는 패주 스파게티 소스를 제조하고 효율적으로 이용하고자 제조 조건의 구명을 시도하였고, 아울러 이의 품질 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 적정산도, 색도, 점도 및 관능검사의 결과로 미루어 보아 진주조개 패주 스파게티 소스의 제조를 위한 패주의 최적 첨가량은 11%로 판단되었고, 저장성 부여를 위한 적정 살균조건은 $F_0$ 값 4분으로 판단되었다. 최적조건에서 제조 및 살균처리한 진주조개 패주 스파게티 제품의 일반성분은 시판 스파게티 소스에 비하여 수분은 낮았고, 단백질과 회분의 경우 높아 차이가 있었다. 총 아미노산 함량은 진주조개 스파게티 소스가 시판 소스보다 높았으며, 주요 아미노산으로는 aspartic acid, glutamic acid 및 phenylalanine 등이었다. 또한, 진주조개 패주 스파게티 소스의 칼슘 및 인 함량은 각각 48.5 mg/100 g 및 27.1 mg/100 g이었고 칼슘/인 비율이 1.78로, 칼슘이 흡수되기 좋은 비율로 구성되었다. 유리아미노산 총함량 및 taste value는 진주조개 패주 스파게티 소스가 시판 소스에 비하여 낮았고, 두 제품 모두 맛에 관여하는 주요 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid 및 aspartic acid로 판단되었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2009

The oil characteristics and wear particles of Diesel engines with a DPF have been investigated as a function of a driving distance. The engine oil of SAE 5W30 with ACEA C3 is used for an oil film lubrication of the engine, which is equipped with Diesel particulate filter. Depending on the oil test results, the kinematic viscosity of used engine oils at 40 is degraded up to 5.1% compared with that of unused engine oils, SAE 5W30. And the kinematic viscosity of used engine oils at 100 is more degraded up to 8.1% compared with that of unused engine oils. The oil characteristic as a function of a mileage is not changed depending on the driving distance because of high quality of engine oils. But the aluminum and copper compounds, which are used as base materials of the engine bearing and a pin bush, are much worn and contaminated for the increased mileage of the car. The oil properties of used engine oils are relatively good except phosphorus and calcium additives, which are heavily engaged in the performance of the oils.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

Lime paint surpassing others in execution efficiency, anti-bacterial, anti-mold and small quantity emission of VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds) characteristics was developed using a limestone as raw materials. The lime paint prepared by mixing slaked lime($37{\sim}40\;wt%$), PVA:EVA(9 wt%:1 wt%), talc(23 wt%), $TiO_2$(14 wt%), zeolite (3 wt%), antifoaming agent(5 wt%), wetting agent (5 wt%) was indicated over 99.8% of anti-bacterial and anti-mold characteristics. Also, the environment-friendly function of the lime paint was confirmed by detection of small amount of TVOCs($0.01\;mg/m^2h$) and formaldehyde($0.008\;mg/m^2h$). Execution efficiency, economy-and environment-friendly characteristics of this lime paint can make up for defects of established paints. And, it also presents the advantage of a limestone as high value added materials.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Sophisticated modern research tools for evaluation of medicinal plants are available but microscopic methods are one of the simplest and cheapest methods to establish the identity of the source materials. Pharmacognostical investigation of the dried, powdered and anatomical sections of the fruits of Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC) Craib was carried out to determine its macro and microscopical characteristics along with its physical constants. Externally, the fruits, yellowish or greenish brown in colour are elongated, elliptical, slightly curved, prominently ridged and longitudinal. As seen in transectional views of the fruits from Trachyspermum roxburghianum, the mericarp has concave sides called commissural surfaces and a convex outer side called the dorsal surface. The mericarp has three primary ridges alternating with two secondary ridges on the dorsal side. On the commissural side, there are two primary ridges which are lateral in position and two secondary ridges in the commissural side. The seed is attached to the pericarp by a short stalk called a raphe. Circular, four-lobed calcium oxalate crystals are fairly abundant in the endosperm. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, proteins and sugars. The pharmacognostical profile of the fruits will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2019

Milk contains essential nutrients and functional compounds, such as calcium, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, carotenoids, bioactive peptides, and sphingolipids. The bioactive molecules from milk are not expensive and have an added advantage of being derived from food. Therefore, they are more stable and have a broader spectrum than that of other chemicals. Bioactive milk components are useful for treating non-digestive tract disorders, such as cancer, cognitive decline, and hypertension. However, the clinical application of certain breast milk ingredients is limited due to the lack of a large-scale production technology. Once the scaled-up production of lactoferrin became possible, clinical applications were devised and evaluated. Similarly, human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) can be produced on a large scale as a recombinant protein in microorganisms or in transgenic cattle using suitable separation systems. HAMLET can be used to treat human skin papilloma and cancer. Studies on breast milk that explored the clinical applications of the bioactive components of breast milk have spurred the development of translational medicine and breast milk-derived therapeutics. Some breast-milk derived therapeutic agents are already available to clinicians. Many components of breast milk have shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies and have valid clinical evaluations.