• 환경생물
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2006

Serpentines soil have high values of magnesium and low values of calcium, and are usually deficient in N and P, but rich in iron, Ni, silicates. We investigated serpentine soil properties and measured the content of nutrient elements and heavy metals in shoots and root of plant species which were in common at serpentine and non-serpentine areas in Andong, Korea. The soils showed higher pH value above 6.9. The contents of Ni, Cr, Fe and Mg of serpentine soils exhibited 77, 27, 5.5 and 12.5 times more than in non-serpentine soils, respectively. The content of Na was almost same but K was two times higher in non-serpentine soil, compared with serpentine soil. The contents of nutrient element such as K, Ca, Na and P in serpentine plants did not show conspicuous differences with non-serpentine plants. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Fe, Mg and Mg/Ca were very high in plant on serpentine area. The all plant species collected at the serpentine site were bodenvag plants, which are not restricted to a specific type of substrate. By the plant species and parts of plant tissues, the absorption levels and patterns showed high variation and were species-specific. Carex lanceolata, Lysimachia clethroides and Cynanchum paniculatum contained much chromium and Eupatorium chinense and C. paniculatum exhibited high contents of Ni. In leaf tissue, C. lanceolata, Rubus parvifolius, Festuca ovina, Quercus serrata, and L. clethroides took comparatively large amount of Cr in serpentine area. E. chinense contained large amount of Ni, Cr and Fe in a leaf tissue. The stem of Galium verum, Juniperus rigida included high amount of Cr, Ni and Fe. And C. paniculatum absorbed large amount of Ni and Cr in the stem.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2020

There is a need for newer feed additives due to legal prohibition on inclusion of growth promoting antibiotics in livestock diets in several countries due to antimicrobial resistance. In this context, rare earth elements (REE) have gained attention among animal nutritionists as potential growth promoters. Currently, several studies have reported better weight gain, milk production, egg laying capacity and feed conversion efficiency among different breeds of farm animals following supplementation with REE, with however largely inconsistent results. Furthermore, REE supplementation has also shown to improve ruminal fibrolytic and proteolytic activities as well as flavor of meat with negligible residues in edible tissue, however the mechanism behind this action is still unclear. According to existing research, due to their poor absorption and similarity with calcium REE might exert their action locally on gut microbial populations within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, REE have also shown anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative as well as immune stimulating effects. The present review aims to broaden the knowledge about use of REE as feed additives for livestock and sum up efficacy of REE supplementation on performance and health of animals by comparing the findings. Till date, researches with REE have shown properties that make them a promising, new and safe alternative feed additive but further exploration is recommended to optimize effects and clarify discrepancy of various results before practical proposals can be drafted.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.934-942
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fibers on the serum lipid level and bowel function in aged rats. Fiber sources of experimental diets were made from mugwort(M), butterbur(B), apple(A), sea mustard(S) by drying and milling. Each of fiber sources was mixed into the diet at the level of 5, 15% of diet. Sprague-Dawley strain, 13 month old male rats were divided into 9 groups by randomized complete block design : C, M5, B5, A5, S5, M15, B15, A15, S15. The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 4 weeks. Control group showed lower food intake compare to the other groups. There were no significant difference between 5% groups and 15% groups in food intake. Fecal weight, dry fecal weight and fecal water content of control group were significantly lower than those of experimental groups, and fecal water content was increased by increasing level of dietary fibber. Apple group showed the lowest values, sea mustard group showed the highest. The shorter transit time was observed in the group of higher intake of dietary fiber. At the same level of dietary fiber, transit time of sea mustard group was shorter than the other groups. With increasing age, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol were increased and HDL-cholesterol was decreased. Fiber fed groups showed lower serum TG, TC and higher HDL-c level compare to the control group. Absorption rates of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was tend to be lower in the group fed dietary fiber sources than control group. Mucosa weight and maltase activity in the small intestine were decreased by increasing age. As intake of dietary fiber increaed, mucosa weight in the small intestine was not different but maltase activity was decreased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.950-957
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate the effects of caffeine intake on Ca and P metabolism in ovariectomized rats. For this purpose, the ovariectomized female rats weighing 230.8$\pm$3.5g were divided into four groups, eight rats each ; control, low caffeine(LC), medium caffeine(MC)and high caffeine(HC) groups. They were supplied for six weeks with the caffeine of 0mg, 66.8mg, 167mg and 334mg per kilogram of diet, respectively, and the results are summarized as follows. 1) There were no significant differences in feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and body weight change among all of experimental groups. But liver weight(both total weight and weight/body weight) was significantly decreased by caffeine in MC group. 2) The weight of tibia was decreased by caffeine intake in MC and HC groups. But the length, Ca and P content of tibia and femur was not changed in all of caffeine groups. 3) Ca, PTH and calcitonin levels in serum were not affected by caffeine. While, serum P level in HC group was significantly increased as compared with the control. 4) The fecal excretion of Ca and P tended to be higher in the caffeine groups, and as the result, the absorption rate, retention and retention rate of Ca and P tended to be decreased. It was noteworthy that P retention was significantly lowered in HC group as compared with LC group. The results showed that, when caffeine was taken by ovarietomized rats, the weight of tibia was decreased and the retention rate of Ca and P tended to be lowered. Therefore, too much intake of caffeine for women whose bone mineral density of tibia is decreased after postmenopause seems to accelerate the decrease of bone mineral density due to the negative effect on metabolism of Ca and P.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2020

The given research focuses on examining the effect of relatively humidity (RH) and curing temperature on the hydrates as well as the porosity of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement pastes. Numerous tests, which consist of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), thermosgravi metric (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted. Various characterization techniques which include, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform microscopy along with X-ray diffraction evaluations were conducted on the samples to examine phase formation and crystallinity, morphology and microstructure along with bond formations and functional groups, respectively. During long-term study, the performance of concrete which consisted of limestone and flash-calcined was close to those from standard Portland cement concrete. Traditional classifications and methods of corrosion were widely used for the assessment of steel in concrete which may get employed to concrete which contains LC3 to recalibrate the range of polarization resistance for passitivity condition. For example, there is up to 79.5% and 146% respective flexural and compressive strengths. Moreover, they developed more advance electrical and thermo-mechanical performance with a substantial reduction in absorption of water of close to 400%. These advantages allow this research crucial to evaluate how these methods can be applied. Additionally, the research evaluates developed and more advanced cement preservation and repair techniques. The conclusion suggests concerted efforts by various stakeholders such as policy makers to enable low-carbon rates.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1281-1287
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• 2003

In this research 2 sample compounds are made and analyzed in terms of the in vivo and in vitro effects on the ovariectomized rats. The 2 compounds are prescribed based on pathologic patterns of osteoporosis, and added calcium citrate from tuna bone powder. SG is for menopausal women(Type I osteoporosis) and GN is for senile men(Type II osteoporosis). Through these, SG manifested Significant effects on the T4, osteocalcin level, and through the histological changes of osteoid tissues and lipocytes. On the other hand GN showed significant increase on the biochemical markers of osteocalcin, TALP, even in histological features and bone mineral density and intensity of femur it showed meaningful changes. But In the results of RT-PCR on the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF α, there weren't coherent results with in vivo test, that is they were increased in the sample compound group than control group. These increase of bone resorption was seemed that those cytokines had the osteoclasts promote their own resorptive functions after fragments of bone tissues were increased in the cavity. And this clearance of inner fragments help the bone to strengthen its own substance. Putting together above facts, the sample compounds, SG and GN, made of tuna bone powder and herbal solutions are predicted that there would be pharmacological actions improving the osteoporosis initiated from the disorders of calcic absorption and increase of bone resorption. And GN has more effective actions than SG at least in the animal model.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

Paper sludges collected from three different paper mills were physico-chemically analyzed in order to use them as raw materials for making bed soils and seedling pots. The sludge from a fine paper mill contained lots of inorganic pigment particles used for coating, as those from a newsprint mill and a tissue mill had not. It was clearly through XRD analysis confirmed that all sludges included calcium carbonate. The paper sludge from the tissue mill contained the greatest amount of particles, which would contribute to water absorption and nutrient storage. The sludge from the fine paper mill had the highest density due to many inorganic elements. While the ash content and the total nitrogen content were the highest in the sludge from the fine paper mill, the C/N ratio was the lowest in the fine paper mill sludge. All sludges seemed to have insufficient contents of potassium. The sludges from the newsprint mill and the tissue mill showed more silicon contents than that from the fine paper mill. It was concluded that the sludge from the fine paper mill would be able to be the most efficient raw materials for making bed soils and seedling pots and the other two sludges would be more efficient for intensive culture for crops such as rice and grain with additional supplement of nitrogen and other nutrients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2006

The effect of the level of casein phosphopeptide (CPP) on mineral (Ca and P) bioavailabilties and bone biomarker of aged ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were studied as a model for postmenopausal bone loss. Forty five Spargue dawley rats, 220-230 g of body weight were fed a control diet (AIN 93M) or containing different level of CPP diet for 7 weeks: $0\%$ (sham control; SC, OVX control; OC), $1\%$ (OVX low CPP diet: OL), $2\%$ (OVX medium CPP diet; OM), $3\%$ (OVX high CPP diet; OH) Ca absorption was unaffected by increasing CPP content from 0 to $3\%$. Urinary Ca excretion was increased by OVX, and decreased by CPP significantly (p < 0.05) with no evident doserelationship. The urinary P excretion was increased by CPP intake in OVX rats. The fecal excretion of P given CPP decreased in OVX with dose dependent manner. Ca and P contents of femur significantly increased by adding 2 or $3\%$ of CPP when compared with OC group and OL group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and c-terminal telopeptide excretion in experimental groups. Although ovariectomy induced the increase in urinary c-terminal telopeptide excretion, 2 or $3\%$ of CPP in the diet decreased urinary c-terminal telopetide excretion significantly. These finding suggest the usefulness of CPP in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss by decreasing urinary Ca excretion and bone resorption. Over 2 percent of CPP in the diet was effective to prevent postmenopausal bone loss.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2004

The regional distributions and frequencies of argentaffin endocrine cells in gastrointestinal (GI) tract of osteoporotic Sprague-Dawley rat induced by ovariectomy were studied by Masson-Hamperl silver stain. The experimental animals were divided into two groups, one is non-ovariectomized group (Sham) and the other is ovariectomized group (OVX). Samples were collected from each part of GI tract (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) at 10th week after ovariectomy or sham operation. Argentaffin cells were detected throughout the entire GI tract with various frequencies regardless of ovariectomy except for the rectum of OVX in which no cells were detected. Most of these argentaffin cells in the mucosa of GI tract were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open type cell) while cells showing round in shape (close type cell) were rarely found in gland regions. Significant decrease of argentaffin cells was detected in OVX compared to that of Sham except for the fundus and jejunum. However, in the fundus and jejunum, argentaffin cells in OVX showed similar frequency compared to that of Sham. In conclusion, the endocrine cells are the anatomical units responsible for the production of gut hormones that regulate gut motility and digestion including absorption, and a change in their density would reflect the change in the capacity of producing these hormones and regulating gut motility and digestion. Ovariectomy induced severe quantitative changes of GI argentaffin endocrine cell density, and the abnormality in density of GI endocrine cells may contribute to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms in osteoporosis such as impairments of calcium and some lipids, frequently encountered in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.639-648
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• 1992

시멘트 수화물(CH)을 모르타르 콘크리트용 방수제 또는 고무 플라스틱용 충전제로 활용하기 위하여 스테아린산(SA)으로 처리하고 FT-IR, TGA, SEM, XRD, 접촉각층정기 등을 이용하여 CH-SA compound의 결합특성과 발수성을 측정하고, CH-SA compound를 레미탈에 사용하여 레미탈의 방수성을 알아 본 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 1) 시멘트 수화물에 스테아린산을 2.0%이상만 처리하면 물레 대한 접촉각이 $120^{\circ}$이상으로 증가되면서 강한 발수성을 나타낸다. 2) 시멘트 수화물에 처리된 스테아린산은 스테아린산염 형태로 시멘트 수화물 표면에 고정된다. 3) 시멘트 수화물에 스테아린산을 5~10%처리한 CH-SA compound를 레미탈 중량의 3~6%정도 사용하면 레미탈의 압축강도는 5%정도 증가되며, 흡수비와 투수비는 각각 25%이하로 격감되어서 우수한 방수성을 나타낸다.