• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of protease on the functionality of soymilk protein. The protease from Bacillus polymyxa was selected because of the least production of bitter taste and calcium-aggregation. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Solubility of SMP(soymilk protein) and SPI(soyprotein isolate) were lowest at pH 4.7 and increased as the pH value reached closer to either ends. PT-SMP(pretense treated soymilk protein) showed higher solubility at all pH range, especially at pH 4.7 than SMP, SPI. 2. Emulsion activity of three samples was lowest at pH 4.7 and significantly increased as pH approched higher acidic or alkaline regions. PT-SMP showed similar activity to other samples, but less stability. 3. Foam capacity of PT-SMP was lowest at pH 8 and increased in acidic, alkaline pH. PT-SMP showed higher foam capacity at all pH range, but lower foam stability than SMP and SPI. 4. PT-SMP showed higher heat coagulability than other samples at all pH range except pH 4.7.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7337-7341
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• 2014

Background: The physiological role of vitamin D extends beyond bone health and calcium-phosphate homeostasis to effects on cancer risk, mainly for colorectal cancer. Vitamin D may have an anticancer effect in colorectal cancer mediated by binding of the active form $1,25(OH)_2D$ to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The Taq1 VDR gene polymorphism, a C-to-T base substitution (rs731236) in exon 9 may influence its expression and function. The aim of this study wass to determine the 25(OH)D vitamin D level and to investigate the association between circulating vitamin D level and Taq1VDR gene polymorphism among Jordanian colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This case control study enrolled ninety-three patients and one hundred and two healthy Jordanian volunteers from AL-Basheer Hospital/Amman (2012-2013). Ethical approval and signed consent forms were obtained from all participants before sample collection. 25(OH)D levels were determined by competitive immunoassay Elecsys (Roche Diagnostic, France). DNA was extracted (Promega, USA) and amplified by PCR followed by VDR Taq1 restriction enzyme digestion. The genotype distribution was evaluated by paired t-test and chi-square. Comparison between vitamin D levels among CRC and control were assessed by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: The vitamin D serum level was significantly lower among colorectal cancer patients (8.34 ng/ml) compared to the healthy control group (21.02ng/ml). Patients deficient in vitamin D (less than 10.0 ng/ml) had increased colorectal cancer risk 19.2 fold compared to control. Only 2.2% of CRC patients had optimal vitamin D compared to 23.5% among healthy control. TT, Tt and tt Taq1 genotype frequencies among CRC cases was 35.5%, 50.5% and 14% compared to 43.1%, 41.2% and 15.7% among healthy control; respectively. CRC patients had lower mean vitamin D level among TT ($8.91{\pm}4.31$) and Tt ($9.15{\pm}5.25$) genotypes compared to control ($21.3{\pm}8.31$) and ($19.3{\pm}7.68$); respectively. Conclusions: There is significant association between low 25(OH)D serum level and colorectal cancer risk. The VDRTaq1 polymorphism was associated with increased colorectal cancer risk among patient with VDRTaq1 TT and Tt genotypes. Understanding the functional mechanism of VDRTaq1 TT and Tt may provide a strategy for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.419-423
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• 2015

Recently, energy drink consumption is rising. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of energy drink on enamel erosion by measuring pH and titratable acidity in energy drink on the market. pH and titrable acidity in drink were measured by selecting 3 kinds of energy drinks with high sales volume among energy drinks on the domestic market. To evaluate the erosion level of normal enamel, the erosion level was measured by using a surface micro-hardness after soaking it in drink for 1 minute, for 3 minutes, for 5 minutes, for 10 minutes, and for 30 minutes while using 10 pieces of bovine specimens per each group. All the energy drinks were containing citric acid. As for pH in drinks, pH of Burn intense was the lowest with $2.51{\pm}0.01$. Hotsix stood at $3.16{\pm}0.01$. Redbull stood at $3.37{\pm}0.00$. In pH 5.5, the titrable acidity of Burn intense was 3.59 ml. Redbull was 3.43 ml. Hotsix was 1.92 ml. All the energy drinks were reduced the surface micro-hardness according to a rise in time of immersion. Following the 30-minute treatment in drinks, the surface micro-hardness value was indicated to be the lowest in Redbull with $119.72{\pm}15.16$ VHN. It was shown to be in order of Hotsix $208.75{\pm}10.99$ and Burn intense $210.47{\pm}8.01$. Hotsix and Burn intense had no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Accordingly, all the energy drinks, which were used in the experiment, caused the tooth enamel erosion. Among them, Redbull led to the largest enamel erosion. Thus, energy drink containing citric acid and low pH can cause the enamel erosion. However, it is thought to be necessarily progressed by considering factors of influencing etching a little more diversely by additionally analyzing intraoral factors, acid kinds, and even the content in calcium, phosphate and fluoride.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.405-410
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial effect of Cl coated titanium. To coat the Cl on the titanium, first, the titanium was modified by blasting treatment with hydroxyapatite and alumina powder. Anodization process was completed using electrolyte solution of 0.04 M ${\beta}$-glycerol phosphate disodium salt n-hydrate, 0.4 M calcium acetate n-hydrate and 1 M NaCl on the condition of 250 voltages for 3 min. Surface morphology and elements' observation were performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy and surface profiler was used to analyze the surface roughness. Antibacterial effect was evaluated by film adhesion method. The anodized titanium after blasting showed dimpled surface contained the Cl. Surface average roughness of these surfaces had significantly higher compared to polished titanium. Result of antibacterial test showed that anodized titanium after blasting had an enhanced antibacterial effect compared to the polished titanium. Therefore, these results suggested that titanium contained Cl by anodization after blasting had a rough surface as well as antibacterial effect.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2000

Background : Nowadays asthma is considered to be the inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary eosinophilia, and mediated by Th lymphocytes expressing the Th2 cytokine pattern. In many recent studies, molecular biological methods have been used to investigate the role of cytokines in pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets of asthma. Objective : We aimed to identify the effect of Armeniacae Arnarum Semen and Platycodi Radix on the transcriptional activities of cytokine IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6 involved in asthma model. Materials and Methods : RBL-2H3 cell lines were used. Cells were stimulated with calcium inophore for maximal gene expression. After 24 hours of Armeniacae Arnarum Semen and Platycodi Radix-treatment, total cellular RNAs were collected using Trizol solution method. Then transcriptional activities of IL-4, IL-S and IL-6 were measured by RT-PCR with electrophoresis. Results : In IL-4 study, Armeniacae Arnarum Semen treated group showed 48.4% of transcriptional activities compared to the control group and Platycodi Radix treated group showed 45.4% of transcriptional activities compared to the control group. In IL-5 study, Armeniacae Arnarum Semen treated group showed 52.7%of transcriptional activities compared to the control group and Platycodi Radix treated group showed 60.2% of transcriptional activities compared to the control group. In IL-6 study, Armeniacae Amarum Semen treated group showed 42.3% of transcriptional activities compared to the control group and Platycodi Radix treated group showed 69.1% of transcriptional activities compared to the control group. Conclusion : This study shows that Armeniacae Arnarum Semen and Platycodi Radix have the inhibitory effect on the transcription of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6 gene expression in RBL-2H3 cell lines. Advanced studies are required to investigate the mechanisms of inhibition by herbal medicine in asthma model.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2014

A 7-year-old spayed female Welsh corgi presented with a mass of the skull. The mass was diagnosed as multilobular bone tumor and surgically removed. To treat a large bone defect after the tumor removal, custom-made artificial bone fabricated by a 3-dimensional ink-jet printer was implanted in the defect. Follow-up computed tomography evaluation was performed for 4.3 years. The implant was well integrated with the skull and had covered the large bone defect during the follow-up period. Gradual degradation of the implant began 6 weeks after surgery. It provides an additional option for the treatment of large bone defect.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2015

This study is about ionic water generator filter Recently, a lot of people feel deep interest in health and drinking water. And there are various types of water. Ionic water generator is a system with special function, and can be classified as a medical device and should be manufactured after approval from the Food and Drug Administration. Basically ionized water is different from the packaged and stored water. When the tap water or ground water passes through the various filters of ionic water generator, it turns to the purified water of pH7 ~ 7.5 and we can electrolyze that water into anion and cation by diaphragm. And in negative electrode side, we can get alkaline water with calcium ($Ca^+$), potassium ($K^+$), magnesium ($Mg^+$), sodium ($Na^+$) for body. In general, we can change pH value from 5 to 9 of ionizer by controlling the level of electrolysis voltage in the ionizer. In general, 1stage (pH8), 2stage (pH8.5), 3stage (pH9), 4stage (pH9.5) are used as the alkaline ionized water, -1Stage (pH6.0), -2 stage (pH5.0) are used as the acidic water. But in early stage, the water that passed through filter was weakly alkaline water and that was problem. Therefore, when filter condition is stable, the pH and ORP value of water is different with the early one. the initial setting pH value of the ionizer was confirmed that changes significantly. In order to resolve this problem we need to wash filter for some period time and neutralize by acidification treatment of the filter.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.480-487
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• 2001

In children and adolescents, oral and maxillofacial trauma is one of the most common causes of dental and periodontal damage, which often induces crown fracture of the permanent anterior teeth. Frequently, these traumatized teeth lose their vitality, and require routine endodontic treatment if their root apices are closed. However if their apices are not fully closed, further root formation should be promoted by apexification or apexogenesis. Calcium hydroxide is a biocompatible & bacteriostatic material, and is widely used for apexification. However it has several disadvantages which include the need for multiple visits and patient cooperation, low strength and technical sensitivity in a broad apex. In one-visit apexification using IRM or SuperEBA, patient's visits can be minimized. However, their biocompatibility is questionable. Mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA) is a relatively new material. It is considered biocompatible with periapical hard tissue and has good marginal sealing ability. MTA is also known to help facillitate the growth of the cementum around it. In this case report, apexification with MTA was attempted on traumatized maxillary central incisors with immature root apices, and favorable clinical results were achieved.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase ($Natuphos^{(R)}$) supplementation in combination with carbohydrases (composed of enzymes targeted to soybean meal (SBM) dietary components such as $\alpha$-galactosides and galactomannans; $Endo-Power^{(R)}$) to corn-soybean meal based diet (CSD) and complex diet (CD) with a partial replacement of SBM with rape seed meal (RSM) and cotton seed meal (CSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 168 growing pigs averaging $13.18{\pm}1.77kg$ of initial body weight was arranged as a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with main effects of diet types (corn-SBM based diet (CSD) and complex diets (CD; 5% of SBM was replaced with 2.5% of RSM and 2.5% of CSM in diet for phase I (0 to 3 weeks) and 6% of SBM was replaced with 3% of RSM and 3% of CSM in diet for phase II (4 to 7 weeks))) and enzyme supplementation (none and 0.1% of phytase (500 FTU/kg diet) and 0.1% of carbohydrases). The diet with enzyme application were formulated to have a 0.18% unit lower aP than diets without enzyme application. Each treatment had three replicates with 14 pigs per replicate. To determine supplementation effect of phytase and carbohydrases on ileal amino acid digestibility of SBM, RSM and CSM, a total of 18 T-cannulated pigs (initial body weight; $13.52{\pm}1.24kg$) were assigned to six dietary treatments in the present study. Dietary treatments in metabolic trial included 1) SBM diet, 2) SBM diet+with enzymes (phytase (500 FTU/kg) and carbohydrases at 0.1%, respectively), 3) CSM diet, 4) CSM diet+enzymes, 5) RSM diet and 6) RSM diet+enzymes. During whole experimental period (0 to 7 wks), there was no difference in growth performance between diets (CSD and CD). However, dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved gain/feed ratio (G:F) of growing pigs. During the phase II (4-7 weeks), dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved all fecal nutrient digestibilities (Dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)). Dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation improved significantly overall ileal amino acid digestibilities of SBM, RSM and CSM based diets (p<0.05). The simultaneous inclusion of phytase and carbohydrases in both of CSD and CD reduced feed cost per kg body weight gain (FCG). Also, results suggest that 2.5 to 3% of RSM and CSM, respectively, might be used as a protein source in growing pig diets without having an adverse effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility and simultaneous phytase and carbohydrases addition improves nutritional value of SBM, RSM and CSM by improving ileal amino acid digestibilities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

This trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a diet containing solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A mixed liquid culture, containing approximately 5 log cfu/ml Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus faecium, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Bacillus subtilis was prepared in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. A basal substrate (BS) containing 75% rapeseed, 24% wheat bran and 1% brown sugar was mixed with the liquid culture in a ratio of 10:3. Over the 30-day fermentation, isothiocyanates were reduced from 119.6 to 14.7 mmol/kg. A total of 168, day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were assigned to one of three dietary treatments including a corn-soybean meal based control diet as well as two experimental diets in which the control diet was supplemented with 10% of the BS containing unfermented rapeseed meal or 10% of the BS containing rapeseed meal subjected to solid state fermentation. There were 8 pens per treatment and 7 birds per pen. From days 19-21 and days 40-42, uncontaminated excreta were collected from each pen for digestibility determinations. In addition, digesta from the colon and ceca were collected to determine the number of lactobacilli, enterobacteria and total aerobes. The middle sections of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected for intestinal morphology. Over the entire experimental period (d 1-42), the weight gain and feed conversion of birds fed fermented rapeseed meal were superior (p<0.05) to that of birds fed nonfermented rapeseed meal and did not differ from the soybean control. On day 42, birds fed fermented rapeseed meal had higher (p<0.05) total tract apparent digestibility coefficients for dry matter, energy, and calcium than birds fed non-fermented rapeseed meal. Colon and ceca digesta from broilers fed the fermented feed had higher (p<0.05) lactobacilli counts than birds fed the control and non-fermented rapeseed meal diets on day 21 and 42. Fermentation also improved (p<0.05) villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio in the ileum and jejunum on day 21 and 42. The results indicate that solid-state fermentation of rapeseed meal enhanced performance and improved the intestinal morphology of broilers and may allow greater quantities of rapeseed meal to be fed to broilers potentially reducing the cost of broiler production.