• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.3 s.108
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• pp.313-318
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• 2004

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer known to be a suspected xenoestrogen and a causative agent of oxidative damage to the RBC cell membrane ir vitro. We evaluated the toxic effects of a scarcely documented aquatic environmental pollutant, DEHP, on selected haematological endpoints in the bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Bagrid catfish were exposed to DEHP (300, 1,000 mg DEHP kg body weight$^{-1}$) through thrice intraperitoneal injection and effects were assessed in blood of the exposed organisms. Haematological property, serum organic and inorganic chemistry were monitored in blood of Bagrid catfish. DEHP exposed-fish showed erythropenia; low hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) content and red blood cell count showed a significantly higher than in that of the control group. The treatment group showed a significantly lower concentration of serum total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride compared with those in the control group. The value of calcium and osmolality were significantly decreased in the DEHP treatment group, compared with the control group.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.443-448
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• 2010

Casein phosphopeptide (CPP) enhances calcium absorption in humans. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are capable of synthesis of cell-surface proteinase, which can hydrolyze milk protein and release several types of peptides in the medium. This study was conducted to characterize proteinase of LAB and to evaluate the CPP production from bovine milk. The content of CPP of milk produced by cell-free extract of LAB was determined based on the quantity of decomposed peptide from casein using the O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) method. The proteolytic activity of LAB was assayed using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled casein. Casein appeared to be a better substrate than whey proteins for extracellular proteinases of LAB. During fermentation, milk proteins were hydrolyzed by extracellular proteinase of LAB, resulting in an increase in the amount of free $NH_3$ groups. Overall, the results presented here indicate that CPP produced by LAB may be a promising material for novel applications in the dairy industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.635-641
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• 1996

As a basic study for preparing pine sprout tea, chemical components in pine sprouts and pine needles were analyzed as follows: In proximate composition the contents of most components except for crude fat were different between in pine sprouts and pine needles. Moisture content in pine sprouts was higher than that in pine needles. Calcium and potassium were major minerals contained in pine sprouts and needles, and their contents in pine needles picked in December were higher than those picked in June. Soluble tannin and vitamin C contents in leaf part of pine sprouts were much higher than those in stem part and their contents in pine needles were increased according to their growth. Free sugars like fructose, glucose and sucrose were contained in both pine sprouts and needles, and their contents in pine sprouts were higher in stem part as compared that in leaf part. Although fourteen kinds of amino acids were detected in pine sprouts and pine needles, their contents were extremely low. Amino acid composition between pine sprouts and pine needles was different each other, but major amino acids contained in them were same, those are acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Amino acid contents in pine needles were increased according to the growth. In fatty acid composition in leaf part of pine sprouts, saturated fatty acid contents were higher than unsaturated fatty acid contents, but in stem part unsaturated fatty acid contents were higher. In pine needles the amount of saturated fatty acid was increased with the growth, but the amount of unsaturated fatty acid was rather decreased.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2001

A cross-sectional study to determine dietary intake and plasma triglyceride total cholesterol LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of 185K Korean men was conducted across three different age groups The younger group (age 21 to 34) was significantly (p<0.001) taller but showed lower (p<0.05) percent body fat than the older group (age 45 to 60) Weight and body mass index was not different among age groups. Older men showed significantly(p<0.01) lower energy and total fat intake than younger men Besides macronutrients, most participants consumed an adequate amount of micronutrients but calcium consumption of the middle age group (age 35 to 44) was less than 75% of RDA In older men plasma triglyceride(207.8$\pm$155.5 mg/dl) total cholesterol (201.4$\pm$40.0 mg/dl) and LDL-cholesterol(106.0$\pm$32.7 mg/dl) concentrations were significantly hight(p<0.001) than in younger men wereas no significant difference was observed in HDL-cholesterol concentration Subjects with a higher BMI(bMI$\geq$25.0) showed significantly higher (p<0.001) triglyceride(200.2$\pm$107.6 mg/dl) total cholesterol(211.0$\pm$40.1 mg/dl) LDC-cholesterol(118.16$\pm$35.5 mg/dl) concentrations and lower(p=0.001) HCL-cholesterol concentration (52.8$\pm$15.9 mg/dl) than subjects with lower BMI(BMI<23.0) Dietary intake of fat cholesterol did not show significant associations with any of the plasma lipid profiles. However, anima fat intake was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the older age group. On the hand percent body fat was correlated (p<0.05) with all of the plasma lipid and lipoprotin concentrations examined for all age groups Results indicate both dietary intake and percent body fat are important determinants of the plasma lipid concentrations is the elderly but only percent body fat or body mass could be valid predictors for the plasma lipid concentrations of the younger age group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.455-464
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• 2005

The study was designed to observe the correlation between the eating habits and growth development in 1,574 children (3-6 years old) in Kyunggi-do and Seoul, Korea. The eating habits and nutrient intake were determined by mini dietary assessment and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). 35.6% children had been practicing an unbalanced diets. Children with unbalanced diet consumed less amount of protein source foods (meat, fish, egg, soy products), vegetables and fruits and had irregular meal time, but more of them preferred sweet foods (ice creme, cookies) and carbonated drinks as snack compared with children in balanced diet. 24-35% children consumed energy, iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), Niacin, Zinc (Zn) less than 75% RDA. Energy intake of children with unbalanced diet was not significantly different from those with balanced diet, but they consumed less amount of niacin, Fe, Ca and Zn than those with balanced diet. By using the relative percentage of standard weight-length-index (WLI), 65.7% children was normal weight, 12.9% was underweight, 13.4% was overweight and 7.9% was obese. However, 11.9% of underweight and normal weight children was so called thin obese since their body fat content was greater than 20%. There were 16.8% underweight in children with unbalanced diet and 12.6% underweight in those with balanced diet. Compared to normal weight, the underweight children significantly consumed less amount of milk and its product, high protein foods, fried foods and fruits, but obese children consumed more high protein source foods (meat, fish, egg, etc) and sweet foods. In conclusion, the eating habits of unbalanced meal was prevalent problem in preschool children which resulting in their health risks. Therefore, it would be needed that new approach for nutrition education to improve eating habits in preschoolers.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

In order to improve the dimensional stability and mechanical performance of cement-based composites, the effect of an expansive admixture based on calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) on the shrinkage and mechanical properties of strain-hardening cement-based composite (SHCC), which exhibits multiple cracks and pseudo strain-hardening behavior in the direct tension, is investigated. Polyethylene fibers reinforced SHCC mixtures with three levels (30, 70, and 100MPa) of compressive strength were compared through free shrinkage, compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct tensile strength measurements. The SHCC mixtures were cast with and without replacing 10% of Portland cement content with CSA admixture. According to test results, CSA admixture is effective in reducing shrinkage of SHCC material. SHCC mixture with CSA admixture exhibited a little higher strength than companion mixture without CSA admixture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

To increase peel strength, low temperature properties and flowability of pressure sensitive adhesives(PSA) used in a heat shrinkable sheet, these properties were evaluated by changing each components in type and content. In this study, Isobutylene-co-Isoprene Rubber (IIR) which has good wetherability was selected as a base polymer. Instead of rosin ester, petroleum resin was selected as a tackifier because of superior peel strength. By decreasing petroleum resin contents, flowability of PSA was decreased. High molecular weight of polybutene was better than low molecular weight for the peel strength of PSA. Large particle size of carbon black showed better properties than small one in peel strength and brittleness temperature. By adding calcium carbonate, the cost of compound was able to be reduced. But it must be used with carbon black.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.53
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• pp.322.1-322.14
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• 2018

Background: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays protective roles against the development of vascular calcification (VC) which greatly contributes to the increased cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to find the non-traditional, kidney-related cardiovascular risk factors correlated to serum OPG and the effect of serum OPG on the arterial stiffness measured by brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in patients with the pre-dialysis CKD. Methods: We cross-sectionally analyzed the data from the patients in whom baPWV and the serum OPG were measured at the time of enrollment in a prospective pre-dialysis CKD cohort study in Korea. Results: Along with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as age, diabetes mellitus, pulse pressure, and baPWV, non-traditional, kidney-related factors such as albuminuria, plasma level of hemoglobin, total $CO_2$ content, alkaline phosphatase, and corrected calcium were independent variables for serum OPG in multivariate linear regression. Reciprocally, the serum OPG was positively associated with baPWV in multivariate linear regression. The baPWV in the 3rd and 4th quartile groups of serum OPG were higher than that in the 1st quartile group after adjustments by age, sex and other significant factors for baPWV in linear mixed model. Conclusion: Non-traditional, kidney-related cardiovascular risk factors in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors were related to serum level of OPG in CKD. Serum OPG level was significantly related to baPWV. Our study suggests that kidney-related factors involved in CKD-specific pathways for VC play a role in the increased secretion of OPG into circulation in patients with CKD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.33-34
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• 2019

Malaysia, as a tropical rainforest country, enjoys an abundance of bamboo plant that proliferate throughout the country. The application of geopolymer technology has become a trend and preserve the environment from harm. Fly ash geopolymer concrete has low early strength and requires 24 hours for the concrete to harden. Thus, the presence of calcium and potassium content in bamboo ash could remedy this problem. Besides, there is no research regarding the use of bamboo ash as a binder in geopolymer concrete. Therefore, the presence of bamboo ash could improve the research field with the use of agriculture waste in a building construction. This research aim is to use bamboo ash in the production of fly ash geopolymer concrete. The specimens were casted in $100mm{\times}100mm{\times}100mm$ cubes and sodium based activator were used as the alkaline solutions. The binders are formulated with different binder ratio. All test specimens were cured at ambient temperature ($23^{\circ}C-25^{\circ}C$) and 100% fly ash was chosen as control specimen. To determine the mechanical properties of fly sh geopolymer concrete with the presence of bamboo ash, compressive strength test was conducted. The test results depicted that as the percentage of bamboo ash decreases, compressive strength increases. Also, the addition of 5% of bamboo ash into fly ash geopolymer concrete could improve the early strength in 7 days. The results were proven with the result explained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of bamboo ash improved the properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete at early ages.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.582-587
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• 2015

This study was conducted to compare the plant growth and fruit quality of blueberries grown in different soil textures of Korea, in order to utilize the results for stable production and soil improvement. Rabbiteye blueberry cultivars 'Tifblue' and 'Baldwin' were planted and grown for three years from 2013 in wagner pot (1 $2000a^{-1}$) in a greenhouse of Namhae Sub-station, Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. The plants were grown in four soil textures, sand, sandy loam, loam and silt loam, and nutrient uptake and growth characteristics of plants were investigated. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents of two cultivars grown in different soil textures ranged between 8.6 to $10.5gkg^{-1}$, which was lower than appropriate level for rabbiteye blueberry. However, the contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in leaves were appropriate levels as $2.29{\sim}3.62gkg^{-1}$, $4.46{\sim}5.46gkg^{-1}$ and $1.45{\sim}2.12gkg^{-1}$, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphate contents in leaves were higher in the two cultivars grown in silt loam soil. There was no significant difference in plant volume and root dry weight among four soil textures in two cultivars. However, dry weight of leaves and branches were highest in loam soil. Fruit production was highest in loam and silt loam soil in two cultivars, showing negative correlation with the amount of sand in soil. However, sugar and acidity showed no correlation with sand content in soil. These results show the limit to the blueberry growth in soil that has no nutrient holding capacity; however, most of Korean soils that have good nutrient holding capacity can produce competitive fruits if the drainage is improved.