• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권12호
• /
• pp.1596-1603
• /
• 2007

연어 frame 추출물에 대하여 건강 기능성 개선을 위하여 4종의 상업적 효소(Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase 및 Protamex) 처리에 의한 건강 기능성 연어 frame 가수분해물의 개발을 시도하였다. 연어 frame 가수분해물의 ACE 저해능($IC_{50}$)은 Neutrase로 4시간 처리한 가수분해물이 0.67 mg/mL로 가장 우수하였으나, 항산화성은 기대 이하의 범위(15% 이하)이었다. Neutrase 처리 연어 frame 가수분해물은 무처리 추출물에 비하여 일반성분과 관능적 특성(비린내 및 맛)에 있어서 차이가 없었으나 추출물 질소 함량은 높았고, 투과도는 개선되었다. 효소처리 연어 frame 가수분해물은 축육과 뼈로 제조한 시판 곰탕에 비하여 단백질 함량, 추출물 질소, 구성아미노산과 칼슘 함량이 높았고, 투과도, 관능적 비린내 등에서는 차이가 없었으며, 추후 조미 등에 의하여 보강 가능한 관능적 맛은 기호도에 있어 약간 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 연어 frmae 추출물에 Neutrase로 4시간 처리함으로 인하여 투과도와 ACE 저해능과 같은 건강 기능성은 기대할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2010

바크는 심비디움 분화의 배지로서 국내에서 가장 많이 이용되는 배지지만, 분화 수출 시 제거 과정 중에서 쉽게 떨어지지 않아 뿌리가 손상되어 상품성이 낮아지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 식물체로부터 쉽게 제거되며 바크를 대체할 수 있는 배지를 선발하고 이때 식물의 생장에 필요한 시비량을 알아보고자 하였다. 심비디움 'Honey Hot'와 'Desert Look'의 묘를 바크, 코코칩, 그리고 피트모스 배지에 식재하였고, 완효성 비료 2, 4, 6g을 처리하였다. 심비디움 묘들은 일반적으로 2년 동안 재배하고 3년째 되는 해에 개화시켜 상품으로 출하하게 되므로, 1년차와 2년차에 식물의 생장 특성들을 조사하였으며, 배지의 특성과 잎의 무기이온 함량을 최종적으로 조사하였다. 1년차에는, 'Desert Look'의 생육이 피트모스 처리구에서 바크보다 더 향상되었다. 'Honey Hot'의 생육 측정값들은 바크 처리구에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 2년차에는, 두 품종 모두 피트모스 처리구에서 생육이 향상되었다. 코코칩 처리구들은 바크와 피트모스에 비해 생육이 안 좋았다. 모든 배지 처리구에서 시비량에 따른 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 피트모스는 바크에 비해 CEC가 높아 더 많은 양분들을 보유하므로 식물의 생육을 향상시켰다. 특히, 엽내의 높은 K과 Ca 함량은 식물 생육에 좋은 것으로 판단되었다. 결과적으로, 심비디움 묘 생산에서 피트모스가 바크를 대체할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었으며, 이때 배지가 너무 과습하지 않도록 주의가 요구된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2002

In order to assess the effect of feeding raw or processed cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on meat and wool production, 30 male crossbred lambs (3-4 months) of uniform body weight were assigned equally to five dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The CSM was processed by three different methods i.e., cooking the meal at $100^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes, treatment with 1% calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$) for 24 h and iron treatment in the ratio of 1 part free gossypol (FG) to 0.3 parts of iron for 30 minutes. The lambs were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures, containing 30% deoiled peanut meal (reference diet) and 40% of either raw, cooked, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM for 180 days. The raw and variously processed CSM replaced about 50% nitrogen of reference concentrate mixture. The concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of the protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad libitum chopped maize (Zea mays) hay. The slaughter weight, empty body weight and carcass weight was higher ($p{\leq}0.01$) in lambs fed cooked CSM incorporated diets, compared to diets containing deoiled peanut meal (DPNM). These parameters were not influenced by feeding diets containing either raw, $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron treated CSM in comparison DPNM diets. The carcass length, loin eye area and edible and inedible portion of carcass and the meat: bone ratio in whole carcass were also not affected by feeding CSM based diets. Among various primal cuts, the yield of legs was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) from raw CSM fed lambs in comparison to DPNM fed lambs. The fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle was reduced ($p{\leq}0.05$) in lambs fed processed CSM based diets compared to those fed DPNM diet. Replacing DPNM with either raw or processed CSM based diets did not influence the sensory attributes and overall acceptability of meat. The wool yield was higher ($p{\leq}0.05$) in iron treated CSM fed lambs. The fibre length and fibre diameter were comparable among lambs on various dietary regimes. Among lambs fed variously processed CSM diets, the feed cost per kg of edible meat production was lower ($p{\leq}0.05$) on $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM, followed by cooked CSM diet and then on raw CSM based diets compared to DPNM diet. The CSM after 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment or cooking for 45 minutes appears to be a satisfactory protein supplement in lamb diets for meat and wool production to replace at least 50% nitrogen of scarce and costly peanut meal.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.419-423
• /
• 2015

시판 중인 에너지음료의 법랑질 부식능을 알아보기 위하여 판매량이 높은 3종의 에너지음료와 대조군으로 생수를 선정하였다. 각 음료의 pH와 적정산도를 측정하고, 우치시편을 제작하여 음료에 각각 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30분을 침지한 후 나타나는 양상을 표면미세경도계를 이용하여 측정한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 대조군을 제외한 모든 음료에 구연산이 첨가되어 있었다. 에너지음료의 평균 pH는 $3.01{\pm}0.44$로 번인텐스에서 $2.51{\pm}0.01$로 가장 낮았다. 적정 산도의 평균은 pH 5.5에서 2.98 ml로 번인텐스에서 3.59 ml로 가장 높았다. 모든 에너지음료가 침지시간이 증가함에 따라 표면경도가 감소하였으며 음료 30분 처리 후 표면 경도값은 레드불에서 $119.72{\pm}15.16$ VHN으로 가장 낮은 경도값을 보였고, 핫식스 $208.75{\pm}10.99$, 번인텐스 $210.47{\pm}8.01$ 순이었다. 실험에 사용된 모든 에너지음료는 치아 법랑질에 부식을 유발하였으며, 음료처리 전과 후에 레드불이 가장 낮은 법랑질 표면 경도 값을 보여 실험에 사용한 에너지 음료 중 가장 많은 법랑질 부식을 유발하였다. 이로써 구연산을 함유하고, pH가 낮은 에너지 음료의 섭취는 치아표면경도를 감소시켜 부식을 유발하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 1995

Bone mass accretion during puberty appears to be critical in the development of peak bone mass. Although bone density of females in Korea has been studied, only a few studies have related bone mass with anthropometric patterns or puberty in the pubescent girls. This study was conducted as part of a study of major determinants of bone development during puberty. Subjects were aged 14∼16 yr(mean 14.97), and had no history of disorders or dedication use likely to influence bone or calcium metabolism. Bone mineral density and content were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry using a Lunar DPX+Scanner (Lunar Madison, WI). Also, total body fat, and total lean body mass were assessed using a Lunar DPX dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer, Pubertal status was assessed according to the Marshall and Tanner guidelines. Serum levels of osteocalcin was measured by RIA using a commercial kit assay. Skinfold measurements were taken with a skinfold caliper(Lange Caliper, USA). Data were analyzed using the regression and GLM procedure of the statistical package SAS. The results indicated that the observed means for lumbar spine BMD and femoral BMD correspond to approximately 91% and 96% of the means for young adult females, respec tively. All subjects were menarchal, with the majority being in the middle to end stages of pubertal development. Total body BMD was positively related to fat mass(P<0.001), lean body mass and time since menarche, and negatively related to urine pyridinoline, serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. The data indicate that girls who reported lower age for menarche had significantly higher bone densities than girls who reported higher age for menarche. Attaining peak skeletal bone mass during puberty may reduce the incidence of osteoporosis in later life. this finding suggests that early menarche may augment peak bone mass, influencing the extent of bone loss later in adulthood. The results suggest that good nutrition in childhood appears to be needed not for growth and development, but possibly also to assure an optimal peak of bone mass and thus greater latitude for the maintenance or skeletal integrity in the face of bone losses. Troeps skinfold thickness was a better predictor of total BMD and total BMC than was any other skinfold thickness. The study did not find a relationship between total BMD and body fat %, but total fat was significantly positively related to total BMD(r=0.49) and total BMC(r=0.60). It supports earlier report that there was a significant correlation between TBMD and body weight. Conclusively, total fat, lean body mass and pubertal development could influence BMD in pubescent girls. Clearly, longitudinal studies are required to assess the effect of puberty on peak bone mass, and to define further the potential determinants of peak bone mass.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.121-121
• /
• 2004

The groundwater in the Pocheon area occurs from both a fractured bedrock aquifer in igneous and metamorphic rocks and an alluvial aquifer with a thickness of <50 m, and forms a major source of domestic and agricultural water supply. In this study, we performed a hydrogeochemical study in order to identify the control of geochemical processes on groundwater quality. For this study, groundwater level and physicochemical parameters (EC, Eh, pH, alkalinity) were monitored once a month from a total of 150 groundwater wells between June 2003 to August 2004. A total of 153 water samples (13 surface water, 66 alluvial groundwater, 74 bedrock groundwater) were also collected and analyzed in February 2004. Groundwater chemistry in the study area is very complex, depending on a number of major factors such as geology, degree of chemical weathering, and quality of recharge water. Hydrochemical reactions such as the leaching of surficial and near-solace soil salts, dissolution of calcite, cation exchange, and weathering of silicate minerals are proposed to explain the chemistry of natural groundwater. Alluvial groundwaters locally have very high TDS concentrations, which are characterized by their chloride(nitrate)-sulfate-bicabonate facies and low Na/Cl ratio. Their grondwater levels are highly fluctuated according to rainfall event. We suggest that high nitrate content and salinity in such alluvial groundwaters originates from the local recharge of sewage effluents and/or fertilizers. Likewise, high concentrations of nitrate were also locally observed in some bedrock groundwaters, suggesting their effect of anthropogenic contamination. This is possibly due to the bypass flow taking place through macropores. Tile degree of the weathering of silicate minerals seems to be a major control of the distribution of major cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium) in bedrock groundwaters, which show a general increase with increasing depth of wells. Thermodynamic interpretation of groundwater chemistry shows that the groundwater in the study area is in chemical equilibrium with kaolinite and Na-montmorillonite, which indicates that weathering of plagioclase to those minerals is a major control of hydrochemistry of bedrock groundwater. The interpretation of the molar ratios among major ions, as well as the mass balance calculation, also indicates the role of both dissolution/precipitation of calcite and Ca-Na cationic exchange as bedrock groundwaters evolves progressively.

• 식품산업과 영양
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.36-45
• /
• 2004

Bamboo salt has been used for the purpose of prevention and treatment of various diseases in Korea. Present study was carried out to ascertain the effects of purple bamboo salt upon anti-allergic effect, anti-inflammatory activity and immune-enhance effect as well. Purple bamboo salt significantly inhibited the ear swelling response and histamine release induced by compound 48/80 in mice and rat peritoneal mast cells. Purple bamboo salt (0.01 ∼ lg/kg) also dose-dependently inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by oral administration. Purple bamboo salt (1 mg/mL) in hibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 secretion, by 67.04${\pm}$0.08%, 68.01${\pm}$1.85%, 69.48${\pm}$0.54%, respectively. In addition, purple bamboo salt inhibited the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in HMC-1 cells. Finally, we investigated the effect of purple bamboo salt in the forced swimming test (FST) and the change of purple bamboo salt-mediated cytokine production from MOLT-4 cells. At the 7th, immobility time was significantly decreased in the purple bamboo salt-administration group (35.4 ${\pm}$5.9 s for 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group (93.2 ${\pm}$ 15.45). After FST, the content of glucose in the blood serum was increased and the levels of blood urea nitrogen, lactic dehydrogenase was decreased in purple bamboo salt-administration group. However, it had no effect on the elevation of CK and TP level. Purple bamboo salt (1 mg/mL) significantly increased the interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and IL-2 level compared with media control (about 3.7-fold for IFN-${\gamma}$, about 3.5-fold for IL-2, p〈0.05) but did not affect the IL-4.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제87권3호
• /
• pp.341-346
• /
• 1998

산성화원 산림토양에 Ca, Ca+Mg, Ca+Mg+C.F. 등의 시비가 토양의 화학적 성질변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해 도시지역인 남산과 수락산, 산림지역인 광릉의 참나무류 임분과 리기다소나무 임분을 대상으로 1991년 11월부터 1995년 4월까지 매년 시비한 후 시비 5년차인 1995년 11월에 토양의 화학적 성질을 조사하였다. 시비는 산림토양의 화학적 성질에 변화를 초래하였다. 토양 pH는 비료의 종류에 관계없이 상승하였으나 지역이나 임분에 따라 다른 경향을 보였다. 유기물, 전질소함량 등은 비료 종류간에 뚜렷한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 염기총량은 시비 후 증가하였다. 치환성 양이온 함량은 리기다소나무 임분이 참나무류 임분에 비해 낮은 값을 보이고 있으며, 또한 도시지역이 산림지역에 비해 낮게 나타나 도시지역 산림에서 이들 양분의 용탈이 더 심한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.844-850
• /
• 2002

The potential nutritive value was studied on leaves of seven fodder trees in Central Sudan during dry season at two distinct periods, the early dry and the late. The chemical composition, mineral concentration, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), in situ OM or nitrogen degradability and estimated metabolizable energy showed a wide variation among fodder tree species and between different periods of the dry season. Crude protein (CP) ranged from 285 to 197 g/kg DM at early dry season, with a significant reduction in late dry season. Ziziphus spina-christi and Balanites aegyptiaca showed the least reduction in CP content. The NDF, ADF and lignin were about 200, 160 and 19 g/kg DM, respectively at the early period, and significantly increased at the late period of the dry season, except for lignin of Z. spina-christi. For mineral concentration, all fodder tree leaves were rich in calcium but poor in phosphorus. In situ OM degradability significantly decreased at the late period of dry season, but values remained as high as over 600 g/kg OM. At both periods, Z. spina-christi showed the highest value, while the lowest was recorded in Acacia seyal. The IVOMD showed a similar trend to those of in situ OM degradability, except for A. seyal. The nitrogen degradability was highest in B. aegyptiaca and lowest in Z. spina-christi at both periods. A significant and positive correlation had existed between CP and IVOMD or in situ OM degradability (r=0.68, p<0.05; r=0.77, p<0.05, respectively). Also, a significant but negative correlation was found between condensed tannins and nitrogen degradability (r=-0.87, p<0.01). Results demonstrated that Z. spina-christi potentially has a good nutritive value as dry season feed or supplement, while A. seyal tends to be less promising. A. nubica and B. aegyptiaca may be a useful source for degradable protein, even though it may have a limited supply of energy to animals. A. tortilis, A. mellifera and A. ehrenbergiana may have potential value for a supplementation of energy or protein, if they were harvested in the early dry season or in wet season as preserved feed. It is highly recommended to supplement with an appropriate amount of phosphorus when these fodder trees were used.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.1210-1218
• /
• 2000

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and humidity on biochemical indices of Arbor Acres broilers at different weeks of age. The alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactic dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), plasma glucose (Glu), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), urea nitrogen (UN), uric acid (UA), plasma thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and insulin levels were determined in all the four experiments. In experiment 1, the plasma Glu, LD and CK levels were increased by heat exposure ($35{^{\circ}C}$ and 35, 60, or 85% RH, 2 h) and this effect was aggravated by longer exposure (24 h). No significant changes (p>0.05) were found in Ca concentration, activity of AKP and ACP. In experiment 2, temperature (10, 20, 30, $33{^{\circ}C}$) had significant effect on the levels of K, Cl, UN, UA levels and the activity of LD (p<0.01), but had no significant influence on the activity of CK (p>0.05). The UN, UK and LD levels were elevated by low temperature $(10{^{\circ}C})$ (p<0.01), Cl content was increased by high temperature ($(33{^{\circ}C})$ (p<0.01), and K level was decreased by high ($(33{^{\circ}C})$ or low $(10{^{\circ}C})$ temperature and increased by medium temperature $(30{^{\circ}C})$ (p<0.01). The humidity (35, 85% RH) only had significant effect on Cl concentration which was decreased by high humidity (p<0.01). In experiment 3, the result showed that only the LD and CK activity were significantly increased (p<0.01) by high temperature (7, 24, 28, $32{^{\circ}C}$) or high humidity (35, 85% RH). Temperature and humidity had no significant effect on K, Cl, UA, UN and Glu levels (p>0.05). In experiment 4 (24, 27, 30, $33{^{\circ}C}$; 30, 45, 60, 75, 90% RH), plasma T3 level was declined by high temperature $(33{^{\circ}C})$, and this phenomena disappeared in birds under high temperature and high humidity environment. T4 concentration in plasma was not affected by temperature (p>0.05), but was increased by high or low humidity (p<0.01). Neither temperature nor humidity had significant effect on plasma insulin concentration (p>0.05). The results of the four experiments suggested that broilers at different growth periods might have different thermal requirements and would response differently to heat exposure. The plasma biochemical indices themselves had big variation; the reaction of the indices to thermal exposure treatment differed with the age of broilers. The big variation of biochemical indices themselves might cover the response of indices to temperature and humidity treatments.