• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.297-306
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• 2000

In order to examine the relationship between the number of different foods consumed and nutrient intake, one-day food consumption were surveyed by 24-hour recall from a sample of 287 individuals(20-49 years) living in Daejon City. The number of consumed food items did not include seasonings except red pepper power, sugar, oil, and soybean paste when used in large amounts(DVS). The number, including all seasonings except salt and vinegar(DVSS), was also counted. Of the total subjects, 43.6%(DVS) or 39.0%(DVSS) consumed 18-23 daily different foods with an average of 20.2 or 22.9, respectively. As the DVS increased, daily intakes of total foods and most food groups were elevated. Cereals however were not changed and eggs were decreased with increasing DVS. Energy and nutrient intakes and their mean adequacy ratio(MAR) and index of nutritional quality(INQ) also show positive correlations with DVS. MAR equal to or greater than($\geq$) 0.75 was taken as a cut-off point for nutritional adequacy. In that case, the mean INQ was shown to be $\geq$1. MRI(10) for energy and 9 nutrients and MAR(3) for Ca, vitamin A, and riboflavin were estimated. Form a regression analysis, when MAR(10) was 0.75, the DVS and DVSS were assumed to be 19.6 and 22.2, respectively. And when MAR(3) was 0.75, the DVS and DVSS were assumed to be 31.6 and 34.6, respectively. However the subjects whose MAR(3) was 0.75(0.7-0.8) 23.8(DVS) or 26.6(DVSS) different foods in average, and their mean intakes of energy and all nutrients, except vitamin A, were ranged at 85-100% of the RDA. Of the 74 subjects who consumed DVS$\geq$24, 24 to 42 numbers took 〈75% RDA of Fe, Ca, riboflavin, and vitamin A. And five of 7 who consumed DVS$\geq$32 took $\geq$125%RDA of protein, which showed concerns of overnutrition in case of DVS$\geq$32. Form the above results it could be suggested that a daily intake of 24-32(or 28) of DVS or 27-35(or 31) of DVSS was recommendable for an optimal nutritional of all nutrients if the variety of food groups and sufficient intake of vitamin A and calcium were emphasized together.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.710-721
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the body weight status (by WLI: Weight-Length Index) and dietary habits and to assess the nutritional status among preschool children in the Daegu area. Dietary habits including dietary attitude and behavior were investigated using questionnaire answered by mothers of 680 subjects aged 4 to 6 years old (508 completed). Also, dietary intake survey using 24-hour recall method was performed by mothers of the children. According to WLI, the underweight, normal, overweight and obesity level of subjects were 9.1, 62.0, 19.5, and 9.4%, respectively. As well, the number of girls was higher than boys in underweight, overweight, and obese group. There were significantly different on overeating, eating fast, and preferring eating-out by body weight status, and overweight group got higher score than underweight or normal-weight group (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). As well, there was significantly different on not moving around during mealtime by body weight status, and underweight group have lower score than obese group (p < 0.001). From the 24-hour recall survey, it was found that intakes of all the nutrients were higher than the %KDRI except energy, calcium and folate. The energy intake of underweight group of 4~5-year old (1338.2 kcal) and 6-year old was lower than Koreans %DRI for those age group. Folate and dietary fiber intakes of obese group were significantly lower than underweight (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). For 4~5-year old, vitamin $B_6$ intakes of obese group were significantly higher than obese group (p < 0.05). For 6-year old, obese group showed that intake of vitamin $B_1$ was significantly higher than the other three groups, and intake of vitamin $B_1$ of overweight group was significantly higher than the other three groups. Taken together, these results indicate that there were significant differences in the nutrient intake level and dietary habits of preschool children by body weight status in Daegu area. Therefore, parents (family) and caregivers should be aware of the prevalence of obesity and nutritional status of preschool children, and start nutrition education as soon as possible.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2008

This study was conducted to measure and evaluate the food and nutrient intakes of the people living near the nuclear plant and to investigate the relationship between the household income level and the food and nutrient intake patterns. A total of 552 cases (263 males and 289 females) were surveyed during the period from April 1 to December 21 of 2005. Dietary intake was measured by means of the 24-hour recall method. The data were analyzed using SPSS Windows (ver. 14.0). The household income level of the subjects was classified into two groups : Low income group (LIG; $\leq$2,000,000 won) and high income group (HIG; > 2,000,000). The subjects at large had less energy and nutrient intakes than did the population in town and village who participated in the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Survey. The intake of calcium, zinc, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, and folic acid was less than the Estimated Average Requirement in case of $50{\sim}95%$ of the subjects. The LIG consumed less beans, vegetables, fruits, meats, and beverages than did the HIG in male, while the LIG consumed less eggs and beverages than did the HIG in female. The LIG consumed less nutrients than did the HIG in male, except for carbohydrate, while the LIG consumed less nutrients including zinc, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folic acid than did the HIG in female. In addition, the LIG had higher percentage energy consumption from carbohydrate. These results suggest that higher food and nutrient intake is associated with higher income.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.164-175
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• 2008

This study was performed to compare food consumption patterns, dietary behavior, and nutrition knowledge between Korean professional soccer players and the non-athletic males. Data were collected from 53 soccer players working for Korean professional soccer clubs and 44 non-athletic males, using self-administered questionnaires. There were significant differences in food consumption frequency between two groups. Meats and eggs, fishes and shellfishes, sea weeds were consumed more frequently by the soccer players. The frequency scores of foods rich in iron, calcium, and protein were also higher in the soccer players compared with the non-athletes. Meanwhile, the consumption of alcohol was more frequent in the non-athletes. As for the cooking method, the soccer players showed higher preference for steaming/parboiling and consumed raw vegetables and fruits more frequently than the non-athletic males (p < 0.05). The average scores of soccer players on nutrition knowledge for basic nutrition and athletic nutrition were lower than the respective values of the non-athletic males. However, the soccer players showed better eating behaviors and dietary habits compared with non-athletic males (p < 0.001). They had well-balanced, regular diet and good habits for chronic disease prevention. No significant relationship could be observed with respect to nutrition knowledge and nutritional behavior. Moreover, the experience of getting nutrition information did not affect either nutrition knowledge score or nutritional habits score, except that for habits of chronic disease prevention in non-athletes. Therefore, it is suggested that more effective and practical nutrition education program be needed for promoting healthy eating habits and improving nutritional status in young males.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.12-27
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• 2004

Thanks to spectacular advances in the techniques for identifying proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and in methods for large-scale analysis of proteome variations, proteomics is becoming an essential methodology in various fields of plant sciences. Plant proteomics would be most useful when combined with other functional genomics tools and approaches. A combination of microarray and proteomics analysis will indicate whether gene regulation is controlled at the level of transcription or translation and protein accumulation. In this review, we described the catalogues of the rice proteome which were constructed in our program, and functional characterization of some of these proteins was discussed. Mass-spectrometry is a most prevalent technique to identify rapidly a large of proteins in proteome analysis. However, the conventional Western blotting/sequencing technique us still used in many laboratories. As a first step to efficiently construct protein data-file in proteome analysis of major cereals, we have analyzed the N-terminal sequences of 100 rice embryo proteins and 70 wheat spike proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Edman degradation revealed the N-terminal peptide sequences of only 31 rice proteins and 47 wheat proteins, suggesting that the rest of separated protein spots are N-terminally blocked. To efficiently determine the internal sequence of blocked proteins, we have developed a modified Cleveland peptide mapping method. Using this above method, the internal sequences of all blocked rice proteins (i. e., 69 proteins) were determined. Among these 100 rice proteins, thirty were proteins for which homologous sequence in the rice genome database could be identified. However, the rest of the proteins lacked homologous proteins. This appears to be consistent with the fact that about 30% of total rice cDNA have been deposited in the database. Also, the major proteins involved in the growth and development of rice can be identified using the proteome approach. Some of these proteins, including a calcium-binding protein that fumed out to be calreticulin, gibberellin-binding protein, which is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activate in rice, and leginsulin-binding protein in soybean have functions in the signal transduction pathway. Proteomics is well suited not only to determine interaction between pairs of proteins, but also to identify multisubunit complexes. Currently, a protein-protein interaction database for plant proteins (http://genome .c .kanazawa-u.ac.jp/Y2H)could be a very useful tool for the plant research community. Recently, we are separated proteins from grain filling and seed maturation in rice to perform ESI-Q-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS. This experiment shows a possibility to easily and rapidly identify a number of 2-DE separated proteins of rice by ESI-Q-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS. Therefore, the Information thus obtained from the plant proteome would be helpful in predicting the function of the unknown proteins and would be useful in the plant molecular breeding. Also, information from our study could provide a venue to plant breeder and molecular biologist to design their research strategies precisely.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.855-859
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• 2011

The main pollutants from zirconium alloy tubing manufacturing process in nuclear industry are nitrate ($NO_3-N$) and fluoride (F-)Nitric acid, and hydrofluoric acid is used for acid pickling. The process for the removal of nitrate and fluoride is composed of 1st chemical coagulation, SOD (Sulfur Oxidation Denitrification) process using sulfur-oxidizing denitrification, and 2nd chemical coagulation. The characteristic of the wastewater treatment is an application of SOD process. The SOD Process is highly received attention because it is significantly different from existing processes for sulfur denitrification. A JSC (JeonTech-Sulfur- Calcium) Pellet is unification of sulfur and alkalinity material. According to result of SOD process in wastewater treatment plant, the removal efficiency of T-N was over 91% and the average concentration of T-N from influent was 147.55 mg T-N/L and that from effluent was 12.72 mg T-N/L. Therefore, SOD process is a useful to remove nitrogen from inorganic industrial wastewater and a new development of microbial activator was shown to be stable for activation of autotrophic bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: During the winter, the use of deicers was rapidly increased for reduction of traffic accidents as well as injuries in Korea, whose components are largely comprised of calcium chloride and sodium chloride. Recently, to reduce the adverse effects of chloride-deciers such as pollution of water and soil, and decrease of agricultural productivity, the attention of eco-friendly deciers have been increased. This study aimed to investigate biological effects of magnesium chloride deicer (PC-10) and organic acid deicer (EFD-1) against wheat, barley, and spinach. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the effect of two deciers, PC-10 and EFD-1 on the seed germination and growth of wheat, barley and spinach. EFD-1 showed higher suppression of the germination than PC-10 among tested crop seeds. In demage index of the seedlings of the crops, there was no symptoms in spinach such as spotting and color change of leaves. EFD-1 showed much stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of tested crop seeds than PC-10 when crops were exposed continuously to tested deciers in soils. The growth and shoot and root in examined crops was relatively higher in PC-10 treatment than in EFD-1 treatment when compared to the control. The biomass decrease was found in all examined conditions of deciers. PC-10 showed 23-35% reduction of biomass whereas EFD-1 exhibited 39-84% loss in all examined crops at over 2% concentration. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the effects of deicers used in this study by inputting into soil against growing tested crops cause the reduction of germination of seeds, growth, and biomass compared to the control.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Gypsum($CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$) is known as an ideal amendment to improve soil quality of the reclaimed coastal land. Since gypsum has very high concentration of electron acceptor like ${SO_4}^{2-}$, its application might be effective on reducing $CH_4$ emission during rice cultivation, but its effect has not been studied well. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of gypsum on $CH_4$ emission and rice growth characteristics was studied by pot test, which was packed by reclaimed paddy soils collected from Galsa, Hadong, Gyeongnam province. Chemical-grade gypsum was applied in two soils having EC 2.25 and 9.48 dS/m at rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%(wt/wt). $CH_4$ emission was characterized a week interval by closed chamber method during rice cultivation. $CH_4$ emission rate was significantly decreased with increasing salt accumulation and gypsum application levels. With increasing gypsum application, dissolved ${SO_4}^{2-}$ concentration in the leachate water was significantly increased, which might have suppressed $CH_4$ production in soil. Total $CH_4$ flux was dramatically decreased with increasing gypsum application. In contrast, rice yield was increased with increasing gypsum application and then achieved maximum productivity at 1.0% gypsum application in two soils. CONCLUSION(s): Gypsum is a very good soil amendment to suppress $CH_4$ emission in reclaimed coastal paddy soils, and improve rice productivity and soil properties. The optimum application level of gypsum is assumed at ca. 1% to improve soil productivity with reducing effectively $CH_4$ emission during rice cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 1990

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the follicles size, hormone supplementation, semen types and capacitation methods on in vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes. The ovaries were obtained from slaughtered Korean Native cows. The follicular oocytes surrounded with cumulus cells were recovered by aspirating follicular fluid from the visible follicles of diameter 3~5mm. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing hormones, FCS, ECS, BFF and MCC for 24~48hrs. in a incubator with 5% CO2 in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ and then matured oocytes were again cultured for 18~20hrs. with motile capacitated sperm in the TCF(Tyroide calcium-free) solution containing 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of heparin. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : 1. The oocytes classified as "A, B, C, D and Degenerative" depending morphological integrity and those were 61.4%, 12.1%, 19.2%, 4.2% and 3.0% of the total oocytes recovered, respectively. The maturation and fertilization rate of the A, B, C class follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% FCS were 89.1%, 78.0%, 52.6% and 78.1%, 66.1%, 33.3%, respectively. 2. The average number of the follicular oocytes recovered from follicles size, 1~2mm, 3~5mm and above 5mm in dimeter were 67, 98 and 63, respectively. The maturation and fertilization rate of the follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium were 56.7%, 82.5%, 46.0% and 44.8%, 71.4%, 28.6%, respectively. 3. The maturation and fertilization rate of follicular oocytes, cultured in the TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% FCS and hCG, HCG, $\beta$-estradiol were 76.0%~82.3% and 26.2%~70.0%, and those values were higher the supplementation of the hormone than the non-supplementation. 4. The fertilization and cleavage rate of the follicular oocytes, inseminated with spermatozoas of epididymis cauda, neat and frozen semen were 63.3%, 73.3%, 70.0% and 32.7%, 37.8%, 38.3, respectively. 5. The fertilization and cleavage rate of follicular oocytes, fertilized with capacitated spermatozoas by heparin, BFF and HIS methods were 70.0%, 53.8%, 34.2% and 38.3%, 23.1%, 17.1%, respectively. And the fertilization and cleavage rate were higher method of heparin than other methods.r methods.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 2011

The ionic compositions of atmospheric aerosols were investigated and characterized in coastal and mountainous sites of Jeju Island, which were Gosan and Mt. Halla-1100 sites respectively. It was found that the concentrations of nss-$SO_4^{2-}$ (non-sea salt sulfate) and $NH_4^+$ at two measurement sites were almost similar and they showed high concentrations in June at the same time. The concentration of soil-originated nss-$Ca^{2+}$ (non-sea salt calcium) was generally associated with that of anthropogenic $NO_3^-$ and its concentration was increased during spring season. From the comparison of time-series variation and regression analysis of ionic species between two measurement sites, TSP (total suspended particulate) in Gosan site was directly influenced by sea salt particles and the concentration levels of nss-$SO_4^{2-}$, $NH_4^+$, nss-$Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $NO_3^-$ were mainly related with long-range transported air pollutants rather than local pollution sources.