• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.699-710
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined exercise on lung function, blood vitamin D, calcium and bone metabolism hormones in elderly women who are over 65 years by dividing them into a combined exercise group(n=13), control group(n=17). The combined exercise program included 60-minutes sessions 3times each week. Aerobic exercise intensity was 40-50%HRR(RPE 12-13) for 1-4 week, 50-60%HRR(RPE 13-14) for 5-8 week, and 60-70%HRR(RPE 14-15) for 9-12 week and resistance exercise intensity was set at OMNI-RES 3-4 for 1-4 week, OMNI-RES 5-6 for 5-8 week, OMNI-RES 7-8 for 9-12 week. As a result, lung function indicated that FEV₁ showed an interaction effect between group and time and FVC/FEV₁ levels significantly increased in combined exercise group. Blood vitamin D showed an interaction effect between group and time, also, significantly increased in combined exercise group and control group. Calcium showed an interaction effect between group and time, and significantly decreased in control group. Bone metabolism hormones indicated that both calcitonin and osteocalcin showed an interaction effect between group and time, osteocalcin significantly decreased in control group. For the following this conclusion, elderly women can be improved their lung function through 12 weeks combined exercise and also mitigate the blood vitamin D but there was no meaningful results of calcium and bone metabolism hormones.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2011

Objectives: In the present study, three kinds of tissues cells (pulp, gingiva, and periodontal ligament) were investigated if those cells express MMP and TIMP when they were stimulated with neuropeptides (substance P, CGRP) or proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-$\alpha$. Materials and Methods: The cells cultured from human dental pulp (PF), gingiva (GF) and periodontal ligament were (PDLF) stimulated with Mock, SP, TNF-$\alpha$, and CGRP for 24 hrs and 48 hrs. for an RNase protection assay and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Cells (PF, GF and PDLF) seeded in 100 mm culture dish were stimulated with SP ($10^{-5}$, $10^{-8}\;M$) or only with medium (Mock stimulation) for 4hrs and for 24 hrs for RNase Protection Assay, and they were stimulated with CGRP ($10^{-5}\;M$) and TNF-$\alpha$(2 ng/mL) for 24 hrs and with various concentraion of TNF-$\alpha$(2, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for Rnase Protection Assay with a human MMP-1 probe set including MMP 1, 2, 8, 7, 8, 9, 12, and TIMP 2, 3. In addition, cells (PF, GF and PDLF) were stimulated with Mock and various concentraion of TNF-$\alpha$(2, 10, and 100 ng/mL) for 24 hrs and with TNF-$\alpha$(10 ng/mL) for 48 hrs, and the supernatents from the cells were collected for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for MMP-1 and MMP-13. Results: The expression of MMPs in PF, GF, PDLF after stimulation with SP and CGRP were not changed compared with Mock stimulation for 4 hrs and 24 hrs. The expression of MMP-1, -12, -13 24 hrs after stimulation with TNF-$\alpha$ were upregulated, however the expression of TIMP-3 in PF, GF, PDLF after stimulation with TNF-$\alpha$ were downregulated. TNF-$\alpha$(2 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL) increased MMP-1 and MMP-12 expression in PF dose dependently for 24 hrs. Conclusions: TNF-$\alpha$ in the area of inflammation may play an important role in regulating the remodeling of dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone.