• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2012

Calcium ions play an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, but molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms of calcium ion action in the uterine endometrium are not fully understood in pigs. Previously, we have shown that calcium regulatory molecules, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 5 (TRPV6) and calbindin-D9k (S100G), are expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a pregnancy status- and stage-specific manner, and that estrogen of conceptus origin increases endometrial TRPV6 expression. However, regulation of S100G expression in the uterine endometrium and conceptus expression of S100G has been not determined during early pregnancy. Thus, we investigated regulation of S100G expression by estrogen and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL1B) in the uterine endometrium and conceptus expression of S100G during early pregnancy in pigs. We obtained uterine endometrial tissues from day (D) 12 of the estrous cycle and treated with combinations of steroid hormones, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) and progesterone ($P_4$), and increasing doses of IL1B. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that $E_2$ and IL1B increased S100G mRNA levels in the uterine endometrium, and conceptuses expressed S100G mRNA during early pregnancy, as determined by RT-PCR analysis. To determine if endometrial expression of S100G mRNA during the implantation period was affected by the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedure, we compared S100G mRNA levels in the uterine endometrium from gilts with SCNT-derived conceptuses with those from gilts with conceptuses derived from natural mating on D12 of pregnancy. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that levels of S100G mRNA in the uterine endometrium from gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses was significantly lower than those from gilts carrying conceptuses derived from natural mating. These results showed that S100G expression in the uterine endometrium was regulated by estrogen and IL1B of conceptus origin, and affected by the SCNT procedure during early pregnancy. These suggest that conceptus signals regulate S100G, an intracellular calcium transport protein, for the establishment of pregnancy in pigs.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

It is well known that many pesticides possess hormonal activity, and affect the developments of wildlife and mammals including human. Currently, pyrethroid insecticides are in worldwide use to control in and outdoor pests, providing potential far environmental exposure. Hormonal activities of these pyrethroid insecticides, however, have been little studied, and the developmental effects of them were no reported. Therefore, we firstly examined the potential estrogenic activities of some pyrethroid insecticides (permethrin, cypermethrin, tetramethrin, deltamethrin, sumithrin, fenvalerate and bioallethrin) by immature rat uterotrophic assay, luciferase reporter gene assay and Calbindin-D$\sub$9k/ (CaBP-9k) gene expression assay. Uterine wet weights were increased by permethrin and the permethrin-induced weights were inhibited by ICI 182780 in the uterolrophic assay. On the other hand tetramethrin significantly reduced uterine and vaginal wet weights, and also inhibited the E2-induced weight increases at all doses tested. Cypermethrin and sumithrin had a tendency to increase uterine weights, although not statistically significant. Permethrin and cypermethrin dose-dependently increased the luciferase activity in reporter gene assay. Northern blot analysis showed that permethrin induced CaBP-9k mRNA expression whereas tetramethrin inhibted. Subsequent studies were conducted to investigate the possible developmental effects of four pyrethroid insecricides (permethrin, cypermethrin, sumithrin and teramethrin). Either diethlbestrol (DES) or 17${\beta}$ -estradiol (E2) was used as a reference control in this study. Pyrethroid insecticides were administered to Sprague Dawley rats via subcutaneous injection at 6 to 18 days of gestation or 1 to 5 days after birth. In utero treatment of permethrin (10mg/kg/day) in female rat resulted in significant increases in uterine and ovarian weights while significant decreases in serum E2 concentration, uterine and ovarian ER${\alpha}$ mRNA levels. Sumithrin and permethrin led to acceleration in vaginal opening of female rat, while delay in preputial separation of male after neonatal treatment. Anogenital distances of PND 18 were significantly reduced in sumthrin-treated, and permerhrin-treated male rats after neonatal treatment. All the pyrethroid insecticides tested caused significant increases in uterine weights on PND 18, while significant reductions in the first diestrus phase when neonataly treated. In addition, exposure to pyrethroids in neonatal period led to significant reduction in relative brain weight in female rat on PND 18, but its weight was recovered in diestrus phase. In summary, Our experimental data demonstrate the possibilities of developmental effects of pyrethroid insecticides via estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2005

In order to study about the lobule and layer formation and cell migration of the mouse cerebellum from at the birth to 15th day effected by 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy r-raddiation at the 19th pregnancy. The routine tissue preparation and staining procedure, Immunohistochemical staining method by the several antibody and western brotting method were utilized from the birth to the15th day. The results were as followings. 1. The body and cerebellum weights were more slowly increase of the the 2.5 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group compare to the control group, and the health condition of the 2.5 Gy group was a little bad. but the 10 Gy group was more severe and begun to die from the 12th day after birth. 2. The thickness, proliferation and migration of the 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy irradiated external granular cells from the maginal zone to the medullary area forming the molecular layer from the 6th day to the 15th day after birth were thinner, weaker and more slower according to the radiated dosages than the control group in the cresyl violet staining. 3. The proliteration, migration and lobulation of the 5 Gy radiated groups from the first day to the 15th day after birth were more weak, incomplete and irregular shape in the immunostaining with Dab, Cdk5, P35, calbindin and Zebrin antibody. 4. In the western blotting analysis using the Reelin, Dab, Cdk5 and P35 antibody. The Bands were in the 60 KD, 80 KD, 33 KD and 35 KD, and there were no differences between the control and irradiated groups in the molecular band except the Reelin. 5. As a results, the proliferation and migration of the outer granular and purkinje cells, and lobulation of the cerebellum by the several dosaege of the ${\gamma}$-ray radiation were proportionally incomplete according to dosage.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2005

소뇌의 버그만아교세포는 인접한 조롱박신경세포를 둘러싸는 특이한 해부학적 분포를 하고 있어 종래로부터 조롱박신경세포에 대한 물리적 지지 역할과 함께 이 신경 세포의 생존과 기능에 필요한 대사물질을 공급해 주는 것으로 추정되어 왔으나 이에 대한 구체적인 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 버그만아교세포와 조롱박신경세포의 상관관계를 증명하기 위한 연구로 전자현미경적 정상적인 미세구조와 신경독물인 하르말린을 흰쥐에 투여하여 조롱박신경세포만을 특이적으로 파괴시킨 소뇌조직을 대상으로 최근 버그만아교세포에서 발현되는 것으로 알려진 수 종의 대사성 단백물질의 동향을 면역조직 화학방법으로 관찰하여 GLAST의 면역 염색성은 정상부위보다 신경세포 손상부위의 버그만아교세포에서 현저히 감소되었다. 하르말린 투여군의 흰쥐에서 조롱박신경세포의 사멸은 소뇌벌레에서 집중적으로 일어났으며 사멸된 부위는 calbindin D-28K에 염색된 정상 조롱박신경세포들 사이에서 산발적으로 끼어 있는 빈 공간으로 나타났는데 빈공간은 분자층과 조롱박신경세포층이 세로로 달리는 좁고 긴 띠 (bands) 모양의 특이 한 양상을 보였다. MT 면역염색성은 신경세포 손상부위의 버그만아교세포에서 현저히 증가하였다. 이상의 관찰 결과로 볼 때 조롱박신경세포의 손상에 의하여 버그만아교세포는 강한 아교세포반응을 보이며 MT의 발현을 통하여 인접 신경세포 손상과 미세아교세포 활성에 의하여 유발된 산화성 스스로를 보호하고 생존한다. 그러나 GLAST의 발현의 감소는 조롱박신경세포의 사멸로 인하여 이들 세포들로부터 유리되어 나오는 글루타메이트의 감소 또는 중단되므로 버그만아교세포에서 이들 글루타메이트 수송체 역할이 감소되었음을 반영하는 것으로 사료된다.93({\pm}0.053){\mu}m$ 였다. 으뜸세포의 사립체의 크기는 정상대조군, 종양대조군 및 BCG 투여군이 각각 $0.80({\pm}0.130){\mu}m,\;0.83({\pm}0.143){\mu}m$ 및 $0.72({\pm}0.078){\mu}m$ 였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 BCG를 반복 투여하면 위점막으뜸세포의 분비과립이 약간 작아지는 등 분비기능이 다소 억제되나 그 정도가 경미하여 으뜸세포의 분비기능에 큰 손상을 주지 않는 것으로 생각된다.모양을 비교한 결과 꼬리핵과 줄무늬체바닥핵에서는 모두 가지돌기가시(dendritic spine)에 연접하였으나, 중격옆핵과 중격핵에서는 가지돌기 (dendrite)에 연접하는 것과 가지돌기가시에 연접하는 것이 혼재하였다. 이들 두 신경핵 무리는 이마앞겉질에서 기원하는 축삭종말의 연접차이로 볼 때 서로 다른 회로계통에 속할 것으로 생각되며, 문헌고찰을 통해서 꼬리핵과 줄무늬체바닥핵은 줄무늬체회로 (striatal circuit)에 속하고 중격옆핵과 중격핵은 변연계통회로(limbic circuit)에 속할 것으로 판정했다. 이마앞겉질은 생리적, 약리적, 신경학적 및 형태학적 근거들로 보아 바닥핵들을 통해 변연계통과 대뇌겉질 전체에 영향을 미칠 것으로 여겨지는데, 본 실험에서는 네 종류의 바닥핵들, 즉 꼬리핵, 줄무늬체바닥핵, 중격옆핵 및 중격핵과 관련된 신경연접들을 관찰하였으며, 그 결과를 문헌 고찰한 결과 변연계통과 줄무늬체계통이 앞뇌의 바닥에 있는 신경핵들에서 형태학적 교차연결을 통해 정서와 마음의 상태를 행동과 대응으로 표현하는 중요한 신경회로가 존재함을 제안하였다.腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다.