• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.70-78
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• 2007

This study explored the efficient dyeing method of aged chestnut wood using the natural dyes extracted from Gardenia jasminoides for, grandiflora, Carthamus tinctorius L., Rhus javanica L., Lithospermum erythrorhizon S. et Z., Caesalpinia sappan L. and Castanea crenata S. et Z.. The color variation of the dyed chestnut woods was also quantitatively evaluated. The wood specimens revealed abundant colors through different dyeing conditions such as dyeing temperature, dye pH, soaking time, and brushing frequency. The chroma and stain concentration of colored woods were calculated with $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ in order to make color tone measurement. Brushing treatment for colored wood was confirmed as a more economical dyeing method than soaking treatment requiring more time when natural dyeing was done. Furthermore, the desirable tone and shade of color was easily obtained by repetitive brushing treatment using low color tone. During natural dyeing, good color expression was made with high temperature and acidic condition of a dyeing liquor.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the usefulness of the natural antimicrobial substances for natural dyeing. Antimicrobial activity of natural substances, extracted by water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate, were shown over 20 mm by Rheum palmatum, Caesalpinia sappan, Prunus mume, Schizandra chinensis, Rhus javanica, and Coptis japonica. Especially, water and methanol extract of C. japonica were shown strong antimicrobial activity against all investigated strains. Minimum inhibition concentration of C. japonica water extract was investigated 110 mg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Investigated natural substances were not only shown strong antimicrobial activity for natural dyeing but also might be used other industries.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.38-55
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to find out the anti-cancer effects of Samultang-Gami which was composed of Rehmanniae Radix(RR), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(AGR), Cnidii Rhizoma(CR), Paeoniae Radix(PR), Cortex Moutan Radicis(CMR), Hedyotis Diffusa(HD) and Caesalpinia Sappan on HeLa, HepG2 and AGS cells. Methods: Various cancer cell lines including HeLa, HepG2 and AGS cells, were used. In vitro anti-cancer effects were measured by MTT assay using cancer cell lines treated with various concentrations of 70% ethanol extract of Samultang-Gami. Expression of cell cycle arrest mediators including Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and DARP-1 proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. Results: 1. Samultang-Gami decreased the viability of HeLa and HepG cells in a dosedependent manner. 2. AGR, CMR, PR and HD decreased the viability of HeLa, HepG2 and AGS cells. 3. We could observe that the decreased Bax and Bcl-2 expression level and the increased PARP-1 expression level by Samultang-Gami extracts treated in HeLa cells. 4. We could observe that the decreased Bcl-2 expression level and the increased Bax, p53 and PARP-1 expression level by RR extracts treated in HeLa cells. and also could observe that the reduction of the protein level of Bcl-2, p53 and PARP-1 and the increase of the protein level of Bax by PR in HeLa cells. 5. We could observe that the increased p53 expression level, the decreased PARP-1's that and the unchanged Bax and Bcl-2's that by Samultang-Gami extracts treated in HepG2 cells. 6. We could observe that the reduced Bcl-2 expression level by each of RR extracts and PR extracts in HepG2 cells. 7. The treatment of Samultang-Gami in AGS cells didn't have any effect on the expression level of Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and PARP-1. 8. We could observe that the increased p53 and PARP-1 expression level by each of CR, RR and PR extracts in AGS cells. Conclusion: Taken together, we suggest that Samultang-Gami exhibits cytotoxic effects on HeLa, HepG2 and AGS cells, causing apoptosis. The results showed that Samultang-Gami may do so by regulating the expression of specific target molecules that promote efficient apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.129-133
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• 2015

The antioxidant potentials of ten kinds of medicinal plants used as natural dyeing agents were tested. Among the plant extracts and floral waters that were examined in this study, the antioxidant activities of the DPPH and ABTS radical scavengers increased with increasing amounts of the extracts. The hot-water extracts from Aphis chinensis, Caesalpinia sappan L., Rumex crispus L., and Areca catechu effectively inhibited the DPPH and ABTS radicals at concentration below 0.1 mg/mL. The floral water obtained through steam distillation from Areca catechu, Rubia akane Nakai, Coptis chinensis, and Phellodendron amurense showed relatively valid antioxidant activities. In particular, the natural colorants extracted from Rumex crispus L., Areca catechu, and Aphis chinensis effectively suppressed the photogenerated singlet oxygen induced by a photosensitizer in in-vitro assay systems. The concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of the hot-water Aphis chinensis extract required to exert a 50% reduction effect on DPPH, ABTS, and singlet oxygen were found to be 8.5, 8.0, and $210{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The study results suggest that extracts derived from naturally occurring colorants as well as floral waters could be used as natural antioxidants in the food and health-care industries.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-134
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• 2021

A Woolen carpet from the late Joseon Dynasty was unearthed in the process of repairing Seongjeonggak in Changdeokgung. Since relics are rarer than documentary records, the woolen carpet is highly valued as a relics. It is presumed to have been woven in the late 19th or early 20th century because there is a record of repairing Seongjeonggak in 1907. In the carpet, a pattern is made by inserting colored yarn dyed yellow and red onto a reddish-purple ground weave. The selvage of the woolen carpet used cotton thread, and jute is used for the warp and weft of the ground weave. The colored patterns is made of wool in the form of loop pile. Cut piles may appear occasionally when the colored yarn changes, but are almost invisible from the surface because they are pressed tightly with a shuttered weft. Making carpets with jute and wool is thought to be influenced by the Brussels carpets of the mid-18th century. Furthermore, the woolen carpet is torn and the pattern is completely unclear; however, it is understandable that the pattern is partially repeated. Microscopic and Fourier transform-Infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) analyses were performed for the above investigation. To identify the dyes used in relics, we compared them with natural dyed fabric samples based on chromaticity measurements and Ultraviolet/Visible spectrophotometer(UV-Vis) analysis. These analyses revealed that the woolen carpet's dyed green yarn did not use indigo, and reddish-purple ground weave is estimated to have used Caesalpinia sappan.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.75-85
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• 2004

The natural dyes from Gardenia jasminoides, Carthamus tinctorius L., Rhus javanica, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Caesalpinia sappan L., and Castanea crenata were extracted under different pH in distilled water, As the pH in distilled water went from acid to alkali, the much deeper colors in the same color tone were generated from the individual plant species. Before dyeing, wood species were treated by different mordants including AI, Cu, Cr and Fe for color-fixing between wood and the natural dyes. Each mordant could develop independent color on the surface of the woods. The wood species dyed by the natural dyes created deep-tone colors according to higher pH and temperature of the dyeing solution, leading to deeper penetration of the dyes into the wood tissues. Finally through the computer modelling of natural-dyed wood furniture, it was confirmed that the colored furniture can adequately be compatible with the current interior spaces of diverse colors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.583-589
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• 2013

We investigated the delay of kimchi fermentation by the addition of plant extracts. Fifteen plant extracts were screened for inhibitory activity aginst Lactobacillus plantarum by using an agar well diffusion assay, and determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were determined. The lowest MIC for grapefruit seed extract (GFSE; 0.0313 mg/mL) was determined, followed by Caesalpinia sappan L. extract (CSLE; 0.25 mg/mL), and oregano essential oil (OREO; 1.0 mg/mL). GFSE, CSLE, and OREO were individually added to kimchi, and incubated the samples at 10 for up to 20 days. Results showed that the addition of GFSE (0.3 and 0.5%), CSLE (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%), or OREO (0.5 and 1.0%) led to a significant increase in the pH of kimchi, and also a significant reduction in the numbers of lactic acid bacteria. Taken together, the addition of natural antimicrobial agents can delay kimchi fermentation.