• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.1647-1652
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• 2010

CdTe 및 Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$ 박막 태양전지의 창층으로 널리 이용되는 CdS에서 Cd의 일부를 Zn으로 치환하면 두 물질 사이의 전자 친화력의 정합이 향상되고 에너지 밴드 갭이 증가하여 개방전압 및 광전류를 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 태양전지와 같은 광전소자에 적용되는 CdZnS와 CdTe로 구성되는 이종접합 소자를 제작하고 접합에서의 전류 전도기구를 조사하기 위해 온도에 따른 전류-전압 특성을 분석하였다. CdS/CdTe 접합의 전류 흐름은 계면 재결합과 터널링의 조합에 의해 조절되지만 CdZnS/CdTe 접합의 경우 상온 이상의 온도에서는 공핍층에서의 생성/재결합, 상온 이하의 온도에서는 누설 전류나 터널링에 의해 전류 흐름이 제한됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.456-456
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• 2008

In the past few years, the deposition and characterization of cadmium sulfide semiconducting thin films has received a considerable amount of interest due to their potential application in the area of electronic and opto-electronic devices fabrications. Polycrystalline CdS thin films posses good optical transmittance, wide band-gap and electrical properties makes it as one of the ideal material for their application to solar cell fabrication. Cadmium sulfate thin films were deposited by the chemical bath deposition method using tartaric acid and triethanolamine as a complexing agent. Deposition parameters such as pH, temperature, deposition time and concentration of the reactant species were optimized so as to obtain reflecting, good adherent uniform thin films on the glass substrate. Reaction mechanism of the thin film formation is also reported. The crystallographic structure and the crystallite size were studied by the X-ray diffraction pattern. The optical band-gap of deposited film is identified by measuring the transmittance in the visible region. Temperature dependence of resistivity confirmed the semiconducting behavior of the film. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed the presence of grain particles of size 50 nm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.2895-2900
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• 2014

We fabricated quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) using cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dots (QDs) as sensitizers. A spin coated $TiO_2$ nanoparticle (NP) film on tin-doped indium oxide glass and sputtered Au on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass were used as photo-anode and counter electrode, respectively. CdS QDs were deposited onto the mesoporous $TiO_2$ layer by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. Pre-synthesized CdTe QDs were deposited onto a layer of CdS QDs using a direct adsorption technique. CdS/CdTe QDSSCs had high light harvesting ability compared with CdS or CdTe QDSSCs. QDSSCs incorporating single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), sprayed onto the substrate before deposition of the next layer or mixed with $TiO_2$ NPs, mostly exhibited enhanced photo cell efficiency compared with the pristine cell. In particular, a maximum rate increase of 24% was obtained with the solar cell containing a $TiO_2$ layer mixed with SWNTs.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1985

아연광산(亞鉛鑛山) 주변(周邊)에서 답토양(畓土壤)과 현미(玄米) 36점을 채취(採取)하여 축차분별분석(逐次分別分析)에 의해 토양(土壤) 중(中) Cd, Zn, Cu 및 Pb의 각(各) 형태별(形態別) 함량비(含量比)를 구하고, 중금속(重金屬)의 형태(形態)에 미치는 토양(土壤) 특성(特性)과 수도(水稻)의 흡수(吸收)와 관계가 깊은 화학적(化學的) 형태(形態)를 밝히기 위해 실험(實驗)하였다. 토양(土壤) 중(中) Cd의 형태별(形態別) 함량(含量)은 치환태(置煥態), 유기태(有機態) 및 carbonate 태가(態) 거의 같았으며 전(全) Cd의 73.9%를 차지하였다. 토양 중(中) Zn,은 잔류성(殘留性) Zn이 63.8%로 가장 높았다. Cu와 Pb의 형태별(形態別) 함량비(含量比)의 순위(順位)는 비슷하였다. 토양(土壤)의 pH가 높을수록 치환태(置換態) Cd, Zn, 및, Pb는 감소(減少)하였으며, 유기태(有機態)와 carbonate 태(態), Cd, sulfide 태(態) Cd, Zn, 및 Pb는 증가(增加)했다. 토양(土壤) 중(中) 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 유기태(有機態) Cd, Zn, 및, Pb는 carbonate 태(態) Cu와 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 양(陽)이온치환용량(置換容量)이 증가(增加)하면 치환태(置換態) Cd, Zn, Cu 및, Pb, 유기태(有機態) Cu는 감소(減少)하였으나 carbonate 태(態) Cd, sulfide 태(態) Cd, Zn, Cu 및, Pb, 잔류성(殘留性) Cu는 증가(增加)하였다. 현미(玄米) 中 Cd 함량(含量)은 토양(土壤) 중(中) 전(全) Cd, 유기태(有機態) Cd, carbonate 태(態), sulfide 태(態) Cd 및 잔류성(殘留性) Cd와 높은 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 그러나 토양(土壤) 중(中) Pb는 어떠한 형태(形態)도 현미(玄米) 중(中) Pb 함량(含量)과 상관(相關)이 없었다. 토양(土壤) 중(中) 수용태(水溶態)와 치환태(置換態) Zn 함량(含量)은 현미(玄米) 중(中) Zn 함량(含量)과 높은 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

폐니켈-카드뮴전지 내의 니켈과 카드뮴을 분리하기 위한 재활용 기술 중 황산암모늄($(NH_4)_2SO_4$)을 이용하여 니켈을 침전시킴으로써 분리하는 기술이 보고되고 있어, 실제 산업현장에서 사용 중인 침출액을 이용하여 pH, 온도, 황산암모늄의 투입량 등을 변수로 하여 최적의 니켈 회수 조건을 도출하였다. pH의 경우 중성, 염기성에 비해 산성의 침출액에 황산암모늄을 투입했을 때 안정적인 황산니켈암모늄($(NH_4)_2Ni(SO_4)_26H_2O$)이 형성되었으며, 침출액의 온도는 $60^{\circ}C$일 때 가장 높은 순도를 나타내었다. 황산암모늄의 투입량은 니켈 함량 대비 2배의 몰 비로 투입했을 때 높은 회수율과 가장 적은 불순물 함량을 나타내었다. 서로 다른 두 공정을 통한 수산화니켈 제조 결과, 황산니켈암모늄 이용 시 카드뮴이 1.4% 검출되었고 황화나트륨($Na_2S$)을 이용하여 카드뮴을 제거한 용액에서 수산화니켈 제조 시에는 침출액 내 포함되어 있던 철과 니켈이 동시에 석출되었다. 본 연구를 통해 황산암모늄을 이용한 니켈 회수가 유용한 재활용 기술이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.563-569
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• 1999

Boron doped CdS films were prepared by chemical bath deposition using boric acid$(H_3BO_3)$ as donor dopant source, and their electrical, optical properties were investigated as a function of doping concentration. In addition, effects of boron doping of CdS films on characteristics of CdS/CdTe solar cells were investigated. Boron doping highly decreased the resistivity and slightly increased optical band gap of CdS films. The lowest value of resistivity was $2 \Omega-cm \;at\; H_3BO_3/Cd(Ac)_2$ molar ratio of 0.1. For the molar ratio more than 0.1, however, the resistivity increased because of decreasing carrier concentration and mobility and showed similar value for undoped films. The photovoltaic characteristics of CdS/CdTe solar cells with boron doped CdS film improved due to the decrease of the conduction band-Fermi level energy gap of CdS films and the series resistance of solar cell.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1023-1027
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• 2009

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film for flexible optical device applications were prepared at $H_2/(Ar+H_2)$ flow ratios on polyethersulfon (PES) flexible polymer substrates at room temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The CdS thin films deposited at room temperature showed a (002) preferred orientation and the smooth surface morphologies. Films deposited at a hydrogen flow ratio of 25% exhibited a photo- and dark-sheet resistance of about 50 and $2.7\;{\times}\;10^5\;{\Omega}/square$, respectively. From the result of the bending test, CdS films exhibit a strong adhesion with the PES polymer substrates and the $Al_2O_3$ passivation layer deposited on the CdS films only shows an increase of the resistance of 8.4% after exposure for 120 h in air atmosphere.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2010년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.26-26
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• 2010

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film for flexible optical device applications were prepared at $H_2(Ar+H_2)$ flow ratios on polyethersulfon(PES) flexible polymer substrates at room temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The CdS thin films deposited at room temperature showed a (002) preferred orientation and the smooth surface morphologies. Films deposited at a hydrogen flow ratio of 25% exhibited a photo- and dark-sheet resistance of about 50 and $2.7{\times}10^5{\Omega}$/square, respectively. From the result of the bending test, CdS films exhibit a strong adhesion with the PES polymer substrates and the $Al_2O_3$ passivation layer deposited on the CdS films only shows an increase of the resistance of 8.4% after exposure for 120 h in air atmosphere.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.291-294
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• 2014

Multiple additives can help improve the performance of generally used lubricants. These additives include MoS2, cadmium, chloride, indium, sulfide, and phosphide, which are harmful to both humans and the environment. Thus, researchers in this industry have been trying to reduce the use of these additives by finding alternatives. Nanodiamonds are one of these candidates. Nanodiamond particles are very hard, chemically stable, and highly heat-conductive. This research involved uniformly dispersing nanodiamond particles in marine engine oils via a matrix synthesis method at various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 wt). Friction and wear tests involved constant loads on ball-on-disk specimens, where the ball was AISI 51200 steel, the disk was AISI 1020 steel, and the sliding speed was 0.217 m/s. The lowest wear occurred at a suitable concentration of nanodiamonds (0.3 wt). However, excessive amounts of nanodiamonds caused them to act as abrasive debris because of their hardness, which increased the wear amount. The friction coefficient decreased as the nanodiamond concentration increased because their octagonal, almost spherical shape caused them to act as rolling contact elements between two surfaces.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a position estimation method of an entertainment robot in a performance stage. A position information is needed to produce contents of an entertainment robot performance. First, the performance stage is realized by a CD (cadmium sulfide) sensor matrix with a constant distance. Then the proposed position estimation uses ON/OFF information of a CD sensor in a performance stage. We confirmed that the position of the robot is detected with an maximum 4cm in position evaluation experiments. The robot was traveling to the final target position in the walking experiment with 75cm and 120cm path plan. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the proposed estimation is assessed by experimental results of a robot in performance stage. Also, in the proposed system installed by a robot performance contents, there is no necessity to mount a position estimation device on a robot; therefore an advantage of our system is that an entertainment robot commercialized by robot vendor can be utilized in our performance stage directly.