• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.164-173
• /
• 2015

To investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the heavy metal adsorption from internal organs and blood, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from human feces. Some strains resistant to heavy metals were selected by incubation in agar media containing each of chrome and cadmium salts. Among them, a strain named KP-3 was ultimately chosen due to its higher growth rate in selective broth medium containing the heavy metals at the concentration of 0.01%. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus sp. based on its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. For evaluating the ability to prevent accumulation of heavy metals by selected Lactobacillus sp. strain in vivo, Sprague Dawley rats were fed with heavy metal salts (cadmium, chrome and lead) with or without cultured whole cells for 7 days. The amounts of heavy metals accumulated in liver, kidney and blood were analyzed. As a result, chrome was accumulated to kidney mostly, and lead was frequently found in liver and kidney. Experimental group (rats fed with lactic acid bacteria) showed less accumulation of heavy metal than control group (rats fed with saline solution). The inhibition rates of heavy metal accumulation were calculated to 41.8% (Cd), 33.4% (Cr) and 44.2% (Pb). Especially, feeding lactic acid bacteria strongly reduced accumulation of cadmium in blood. The results showed that feeding Lactobacillus sp. KP-3 could prevent the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the living body.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1986

The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of sodium alginate on the suppression of organ accumulation of heavy metals were tested by mice. The seventy mice were divided into the control group and the experimental groups. The mice of cadmium group were subdivided into three groups by dose of 10 ppm cadmium group, adding 1% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm cadmium group and adding 10% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm cadmium group. The mice of copper group were subdivided into three groups by dose of 10 ppm copper group, adding 1% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm copper group, and adding 10% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm copper group. After the series of feeding of twenty-one days, the mice were killed and examined. Organs and feces were removed and analyzed for cadmium and copper amounts. The results obtained were as follows 1. As for average body weight gains, those of control group mice were the highest than heavy metal group and those of adding 10% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm copper group the lowest. 2. The amount of cadmium accumulated in liver and kidney was higher than blood. The amount of cadmium in organs was higher in cadmium group than adding sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with cadmium group. 3. The amount of copper in liver was the highest, and that of copper in blood was the lowest. 4. The excretion of heavy metals was promotioned by adding 10% sodium alginate to the diets contaminated with 10 ppm heavy metal. ( P < 0.05 ).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.1102-1106
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Korean Omija extract on the hepatic and renal function in cadmium intoxicated rats. Male Sprague Dawley of 4 weeks old, weighing 100$\pm$10 g, were randomly assingned to four groups which received over four weeks one of the followings : deionized water for control (CW),3% Omija extract (OE),50 ppm cadmium water (CD) and 50 ppm cadmium water plus 3% Omija extract (CDOE). The results are as followes: there ware no significant differences between CD and CDOE in the body weight gain and food efficiency ratio. But Cadmium contents of kidney, GPT and LDH activities were significantly reduced in CDOE as compared to CD. Weight gain of kidney in CDOE, significantly higher than that of CD, increased to nearly normal level. GOT activities in CDOE, significantly different from that of CD, also considerably lowered to same level as that of tile normal rat group, CW The results suggested that Omija extract may have some protective effects from cadmium intoxication by reducing cadmium accumulation in kidney.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to develop the biological treatment technology of wastewater polluted with heavy metals. Heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa, P. chlororaphis and P. stutzeri possessing the ability to accumulate cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, respectively, were isolated from industrial wastewaters and mine wastewaters polluted with various heavy metals. The effect of competing ions and metabolic inhibitors on heavy metal accumulation in the cells was investigated. Heavy metal accumulation into cells was drastically decreased in the presence of competing cation, $Al^{3+}$, and also decreased, at a lesser extent, in the presence of competing anions, $CO_3\;^{2-}$ and $PO_4\;^{2-}$. But heavy metal accumulation was not influenced generally in the presence of the other rations and anions. The accumulation of Cd, Zn or Cu by Cd-, Zn- or Cu-tolerant microorganism was remarkably decreased in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, but the accumulation of Pb by Pb-tolerant microorganism was little affected in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. These results suggested that the accumulation of Cd, Zn or Cu by Cd-, Zn- or Cu-tolerant microorganism was concerned with the biological activity depending on energy, and the accumulation of Pb by Pb-tolerant microorganism depended on not the biological activity but the physical adsorption on the cell surface. Each heavy metal-tolerant microorganism also exhibited some ability to accumulate the other heavy metals in solution containing equal concentrations of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, when measured at 48 hours after inoculation of the microorganisms, but the accumulation rates were somewhat low as compared to the accumulation rates of heavy metal fitting to each tolerance. These results suggested that the accumulation of each heavy metal by each heavy metal-tolerant microorganism was a selective accumulation process.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 1990

Rats were ingested in drinking water 600mg/L of cadmium chloride solution during 3 months, then the distribution of Cd in major organs and hair were determined by neutron activation analysis. The results were as followings. 1. After administration for 24 hours using $^{115m}Cd$ as tracer, the distribution of blood was 0.03%, kidney 2.99% and liver 3.50% to determine with whole body counter. 2. Cd metal was rapidly excreted with kidney through blood and their accumulation appeared in liver and hair. 3. The comparative data to determine using neutron activation analysis. the content of cadmium of major organs in rats ingested of $CdCl_2$ during 3 month were shown to increase significantly both hair and liver. Above facts, hair samples were able to use as the diagnostic index to evaluate the accumulation of cadmium in liver.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.305-313
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the removal rates of Cd and Pb of the litters in the Phragmites communis. Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Typha angustata, Scirpus tabernaemontani grassland aquatic ecosystem in the lake Paldangho. The annual production of Cd and Pb were 0.005g /$m^2$ , 0.21g /$m^2$in P. commumis, 0.004g /$m^2$, O.08g /$m^2$ in M. sacchariflorus, 0.023g /$m^2$, 0.42g /$m^2$ in T. angustata and 0.020g /$m^2$, 0.23g /$m^2$ in S. tabernaemontani respectively. The removal rates of Cd and Pb of the litters were 0.83, 0.85 in P. communis. 0.36, 0.54 in M. sacchariflorus, 0.61, 0.51 in T. angustata and 0.76, 0.71 in S. tabernaemontani, respectively. The times required to decay 50, 95, 99 percent of the steady state level and turnover values of cadmium on the grassland floor were 0.83, 3,60, 6.00 years in P. communis. 1.90, 8.24, 13.74 years in M.sacchariflorus, 1.15, 4.96, 8.27 years in T. angustata and 0.91, 3.95, 6.58 years in S. tabernaemontani The times required to decay 50, 95, 99 percent of the steady state level and turnover values of lead on the grassland floor were 0.81, 3.51, 5.86 years in P. communis. 1.28, 5.56, 9.26 years in M. sacchariflorus, 1.37, 5.94, 9.90 years in T. angustata and 0.97, 4.21, 7.02 years in S. tabernaemontani. Key words: Removal rate, Accumulation, Paldangho, Cadmium, Lead, Phragmites communis Miseanthus sacchariflorus, Typha angustata, Scirpus tabernaemontani.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.34 no.8
• /
• pp.881-886
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to Investigate the effects of green tea catechin on changes of mineral contents in chronic cadmium-poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10g were randomly assigned one of normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium groups were classified to catechin free diet(Cd-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(Cd-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(Cd-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement. Animals were raised for 20 weeks. Cadmium was supplied in drinking water which contained 50ppm Cd$^{2+}$. Effects of catechin were analyzed on changes of mineral contents in chronic cadmium poisoned rats by determining the calcium accumulation in bones, blood, urine and faces and phosphorus In blood and urine. Cd-poisoning inducted the decrease of red blood cell(RBC), white blood cell(WBC), contents of blood hemoglobin and hematocrit, but the levels of those indices were increased by catechin supplementation. The contents of tibia and femur in Cd-0C group was significantly lower than in normal group, but those of catechin supplemetation group was similar to normal group. The calcium contents of urine and faces were higher in Cd-poisoned groups than in normal group, but they was lowered by catechin supplementation. The phosphorus contents of blood and urine in Cd-0C group was significantly lower than in normal group, but that of catechin supplementation group was similar to normal group. Catechin supplementation improved the calcium metabolism in chronic cadmium poisoned rats by increasing the contents of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus in blood and femur and by lowering the urinary and fecal calcium.m.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.2 no.1_2
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 1987

Among the environmental toxic metals, cadmium and lead compounds are very hazard for human health because these may affect the biological function of human body and furthermore enhance the cause of various disease. In recent years, as the view of environmental toxicology, the combination of toxic metals suffering human health is especially significant cadmium chloride (10 mg/kg P. 0., 1 mg/kg I.P.) and lead acetate (20 mg/kg P.O., 2 mg/kg I.P.) were administered to rats for 4 weeks on alternate days and then examined the effect of these on body weight, tissue weight and also biochemical function in blood and tissue were investigated and comparision of the two experimental groups such as single and combined administration. According to the results of this experiment, accumulation of heavy metals increased and biological metabolic function grew worse but, in tissue, toxic effect decreased by combined administration and intraperitoneal administration was more toxic than per OS.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the antitoxic component in methanol fraction of Lonicerae fios. The results were as follows: 1. When a 500 ppm of water soluble fraction of Lonicerae flos was administered, it showed the highest antitoxic effect. 2. Generally, detoxication effects of methanol fraction of Lonicerae fios increased. 'When the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Lonicerae fios was administered, it exhibited the highest antitoxic effect against the toxicity of cadmium in spleen.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.21 no.2 s.24
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 1988

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of dietary calcium, casein, and suet on the accumulation of cadmium in mice. It was performed for 30 days, from April 11 to May 10 1988.90 mice were divided into 4 experimental groups and control group with 6 mice each dietary group, and measured survival rate, body weight, and weight ratio of organ to body. The contents of cadmium in liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and skin with hair, and feces were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after sacrifice by anesthesia. After 30 days, the survival rate of control group was loot,, but 66.7% in group IV(basal diet+Cd+Ca) with single dose of $100{\mu}g$ cadmium and with free-intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium, and group V(basal diet+Cd+suet) with free-intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. The rate of weight gain in the case of single dose of $100{\mu}g$ cadmium was highest in group IV as 42.3% and lowest in group V as 26.0%, whereas in the cases of free intake group W was highest as 24.0% and group II(basal diet+Cd) was lowest as 11.6%. The body weight, in the case of single dose of $100{\mu}g$ cadmium showed no increase until 5th day after acute poisoning. But in the case of free intake group, it showed very slight increase through all the breeding period. The weight ratio of organ to body were lowest in the liver of group II in both occasions. The most of cadmium adminstered. were excreted through feces within 2 days after single dose of $100{\mu}g$ cadmium. The contents of cadmium in each group were significantly higher than those of control group. In the liver, kidney, spleen and muscle, group II showed the highest level in both occasions of $100{\mu}g$ single dose and free intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. In the skin with hair, group ll of the occasion with single dose of $100{\mu}g$ and group V with free intake showed the highest level. And the contents of cadmium in tissue were markedly higher in the occasion of free intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. From the above results I would conclude that the addition of casein and calcium are effective in the inhibition of intesitnal absorption of cadmium esp. by calcium.