• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.95-103
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• 2021

While the existing pile foundation had the role of supporting the superstructure or reducing the earth pressure, recently there are cases where it is integrated with the superstructure to increase the lateral resistance. This study aims to evaluate a lateral resistance of block-type breakwaters with group piles by modelling experiments. The lateral resistance and bending moments of the piles by penetrated depths for the piles were measured. As a result, it was found that the lateral resistance increased as the depth of embedment of the group piles. In particular, the lateral resistance was 1.52 times greater in the case where the pile embedded up to the riprap layer than the case where the pile was embedded into the block. For the bending moment, the rear piles ware larger than the front piles, and the outside piles were larger than the inside piles. The location of the maximum bending moment in the ground was shown at the interface between the riprap layer and the natural ground.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2021

In the case of harbor structures, it is important to understand the characteristics of structures that are subjected to repeated loads as they are structures that receive repetitive loads such as wave pressure as well as static loads. In this study, the lateral resistance according to the pile embeded depth of the block breakwater reinforced with piles by cyclic lateral loads was obtained through an model experiment. As the depth of embedment of the pile increased, the lateral resistance showed a tendency to increase. As the load was repeated, the gradient of the lateral resistance gradually appeared to be gentle. The bending moment of the rear pile was larger than that of the front pile. The bending moment of piles in the ground was similar to that when the pile head was free in the cohesionless of Broms (1964).

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2022

This study aims to find the exact area of the forest fire in Okgye-myeon, Gangneung, April 4, 2019. Since there is a gradient in our country's forests, we should find a surface area that takes into account The 5th numerical clinical map provided by the DEM and the Korea Forest Service provided by the National Geographic Information Service was used. In DEM, the center point of each pixel was created and all points were connected. The length of the connecting line is determined by the spatial resolution of the pixel and the cosine value, and the surface area is obtained along with the height value, which is called the Slope-Aspect algorithm. The surface area and floor area of the forest were shown according to the tree species and types of forest, and their quantitative numerical differences proved the validity of this study.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Optimal water management is to efficiently and equally supply an appropriate amount of water by using irrigation facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate water supply capacity through distribution simulation between the designed distribution rate and re-distributed rate according to the changed farming conditions. In this study, we recalculated the agricultural water supply amount of Geumcheon main canal, which beneficiary area was reduced due to the development of Gwangju-Jeonnam innovation city, and we constructed a canal network using the SWMM model to simulate the change in supply rate of each main canal according to the re-distributed rate. Even though the supply amount of the Geumcheon main canal was reduced from 1.20 m³/s to 0.90 m³/s, it showed a similar supply rate to the current, and the reduced quantity could be supplied to the rest of the main canal. As a result, the arrival time at the ends of all main canal, except for the Geumcheon main canal, decreased from 1 to 3 hours, and the supply rate increased from 4 to 17.0% at the main canal located at the end of the beneficiary area of Naju reservoir.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.37-55
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• 2022

This study presents the plans to derive quality items for develop the data quality standard for ensuring the quality of 3D building geospatial data in NDT(National Digital Twin). This paper is organized as follows. The first section briefly examines various factors that impact the quality of 3D geospatial data, and proposes the role and necessity of the data quality standard as a means of addressing the data errors properly and also meeting the minimum requirements of stakeholders. The second section analyzes the relationship between the standards - building data model for NDT and ISO 19157: Geospatial data quality - in order to consider directly relevant standards. Finally, we suggest three plans on developing NDT data quality standard: (1) the scope for evaluating data quality, (2) additional quality elements(geometric integrity, geometric fidelity, positional accuracy and semantic classification accuracy), and (3) NDT data quality items model based on ISO 19157. The plans reveled through the study would contribute to establish a way for the national standard on NDT data quality as well as the other standards associated with NDT over the coming years.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

Recently, there have been many studies on object recognition around the vehicle and recognition of traffic signs and traffic lights in autonomous driving. In particular, such the recognition of traffic lights is one of the core technologies in autonomous driving. Therefore, many studies for such the recognition of traffic lights have been performed, the studies based on various deep learning models have increased significantly in recent. In addition, as a high-quality AI training data set for voice, vision, and autonomous driving is released on AIHub, it makes it possible to develop a recognition model for traffic lights suitable for the domestic environment using the data set. In this study, we developed a recognition model for traffic lights that can be used in Korea using the AIHub's training data set. In particular, in order to improve the recognition performance, we used various models of YOLOv4 and YOLOv5, and performed our recognition experiments by defining various classes for the training data. In conclusion, we could see that YOLOv5 shows better performance in the recognition than YOLOv4 and could confirm the reason from the architecture comparison of the two models.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

Fine dust is a substance that greatly affects human health, and various studies have been conducted in this regard. Due to the human influence of particulate matter, various studies are being conducted to predict particulate matter grade using past data measured in the monitoring network of Seoul city. In this paper, predictive model have focused on particulate matter concentration in May, 2019, Seoul. The air pollutant variables were used to training such as SO₂, CO, NO₂, O₃. The predictive model based on Adaboost, and training model was dividing PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. As a result of the prediction performance comparison through confusion matrix, the Adaboost model was more conformable for predicting the particulate matter concentration grade. Although air pollutant variables have a higher correlation with PM2.5, training model need to train a lot of data and to use additional variables such as traffic volume to predict more effective PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 distribution grade.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2021

In order to manage the underground spatial information in systematic and effective way, production of an integration underground spatial information map is essential process. The government has been making efforts to expand manage the production of 3D underground spatial integrated map. In recent the GPR is actively used for exploring underground facilities in non-exploring area and sinkhole. For achieving the research objectives presenting the accuracy of verification standard in underground spatial information surveying using GPR, the related legislation standard, the experiment resutls and international criteria have been analyzed. From this research it is found that the accuracy standard has been made by the related academic society(USA) and association(UK) in foreign counties. It is recommended that indicate the verification standard with number and percent together considering the characteristics of GPR.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.35-51
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• 2022

This study investigates how much building area among total building area concentrates on urban region in a local government region and then, I applies 'The Index of Building Concentration in Urban Area' for the first time in a study. The finding shows that Cities' Index is higher than counties', and also shows that a lower index is associated with a higher rate of older adult population, and is also associated with higher general budget expenditure by the local government based on the index of Building Concentration in Urban Area in Gyeongbuk Province. This study provides evidence that the Index of Building Concentration in Urban Area can be utilized in measuring shrinkage level, effectiveness of municipal finance, and in establishing shrinkage city/county planning by basic data.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.153-169
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• 2022

With the extension of the average life span and the rapid aging of the population, defining elderly population as a single group is difficult as the physical, economic and social conditions of individual have become different. Therefore, policies that take into account the characteristics of each group are required. The purpose of this study is to classify individual travel types and to analyze the characteristics of each travel type, based on individual public transportation trajectory data as known as smart card data. Among the four classified types, the long-distance low-frequency stay type and the short-range medium-frequency mobile type show external activity traffic characteristics for retirement leisure, while the long-distance high-frequency stay type and the long-distance high-frequency mobile group include regular commuting. Traffic variability and residence areas of stay were identified in terms of each classified travel type. The results of this study provide the important suggestions for establishing a transportation policy that takes into account the characteristics of each type of elderly population in Seoul.