• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.727-738
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• 2007

The present study investigation the geochemical characteristics of the stream sediments in the Unbong area was conducted to enable a understanding the natural background and a prediction the prospects of geochemical disaster as a result of that bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992). We systematically collected seventy three stream sediments samples by wet sieving along the primary channels. Major, trace and rare earth element(REE) concentrations, combined with mineralogical characteristics, were determined by XRD, XRF, ICP-AES and NAA analysis methods. Major element concentrations for the stream sediments in the Unbong area were $SiO_2\;36.94{\sim}65.39wt.%,\;Al_2O_3\;10.15{\sim}21.77wt.%,\;Fe_2O_3\;3.17{\sim}10.90wt.%,\;CaO\;0.55{\sim}5.27wt.%,\;MgO\;0.52{\sim}4.94wt.%,\;K_2O\;1.38{\sim}4.54wt.%,\;Na_2O\;0.49{\sim}3.36wt.%,\;TiO_2\;0.39{\sim}1.27wt.%,\;MnO\;0.04{\sim}0.22wt.%,\;P_2O_5\;0.08{\sim}0.54wt.%$. Trace and REE concentrations for the stream sediments were $Cu\;4.8{\sim}134ppm,\;Pb\;24.2{\sim}82.5ppm,\;Sr\;95.9{\sim}739ppm,\;V\;19.9{\sim}124ppm,\;Zr\;52.9{\sim}145ppm,\;Li\;25.2{\sim}3.3ppm,\;Co\;3.87{\sim}50.0ppm,\;Cr\;17.4{\sim}234ppm,\;Hf\;3.93{\sim}25.2ppm,\;Sc\;4.60{\sim}20.6ppm,\;Th\;3.82{\sim}36.9ppm,\;Ce\;45.7{\sim}243ppm,\;Eu\;0.89{\sim}2.69ppm,\;Yb\;1.42{\sim}5.18ppm$. According to the comparison of average major element concentrations, CaO, $Na_2O\;and\;K_2O$ contents are higher in stream sediments than in bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992) $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$ contents show good correlation both stream sediments and bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992). Yb and Eu in the stream sediments show a positive correlation with $SiO_2$. In contrast, the stream sediments display a negative correlation.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-140
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• 2022

The Xiquegou Pb-Zn deposit is located at the Qingchengzi orefield which is one of the largest Pb-Zn mineralized zone in the northeast of China. The geology of this deposit consists of Archean granulite, Paleoproterozoinc migmatitic granite, Paleo-Mesoproterozoic sodic granite, Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group, Mesozoic diorite and Mesozoic monzoritic granite. The Xiquegou deposit which is a Triassic magma-hydrothermal type deposit occurs as vein ore filled fractures along fault zone in unit 3 (dolomitic marble and schist) of Dashiqiao formation of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe group. Xiquegou Pb-Zn deposit consists of quartz, apatite, calcite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, stannite, galena, tetrahedrite, electrum, argentite, native silver and pyrargyrite. Wallrock alteration of this deposit contains silicification, pyritization, dolomitization, chloritization and sericitization. Based on mineral petrography and paragenesis, dolomites from this deposit are classified two type (1. dolomite (D₀) as wallrock, 2. dolomite (D₁) as wallrock alteration in Pb-Zn mineralization quartz vein ore). The structural formulars of dolomites are determined to be Ca_1.03-1.01Mg_0.95-0.83Fe_0.12-0.02Mn_0.02-0.00(CO₃)₂(D₀) and Ca_1.16-1.00Mg_0.79-0.44Fe_0.53-0.13Mn_0.03-0.00As_0.01-0.00(CO₃)₂(D₁), respectively. It means that dolomites from the Xiquegou deposit have higher content of trace elements compared to the theoretical composition of dolomite. The dolomite (D₁) from quartz vein ore has higher content of these trace elements (FeO, PbO, Sb₂O₅ and As₂O₅) than dolomite (D₀) from wallrock. Dolomites correspond to Ferroan dolomite (D₀), and ankerite and Ferroan dolomite (D₁), respectively. The structural formular of chlorite from quartz vein ore is (Mg_1.65-1.08Fe_2.94-2.50Mn_0.01-0.00Zn_0.01-0.00Ni_0.01-0.00Cr_0.02-0.00V_0.01-0.00Hf_0.01-0.00Pb_0.01-0.00Cu_0.01-0.00As_0.03-0.00Ca_0.02-0.01Al_1.68-1.61)_5.77-5.73(Si_2.84-2.76Al_1.24-1.16)_4.00O₁₀(OH)₈. It indicated that chlorite of quartz vein ore is similar with theoretical chlorite and corresponds to Fe-rich chlorite. Compositional variations in chlorite from quartz vein ore are caused by mainly octahedral Fe²⁺ <-> Mg²⁺ (Mn²⁺) substitution and partly phengitic or Tschermark substitution (Al^3+,VI+Al^3+,IV <-> (Fe²⁺ 또는 Mg²⁺)^VI+(Si⁴⁺)^IV).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.1488-1493
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• 1995

In this study, the structural, electrical and dielectric properties were investigated in (P $b_{0.76}$ $Ca_{0.24}$)[( $Co_{1}$2/ $W_{1}$2/)$_{0.04}$ $Ti_{0.96}$) $O_{3}$ system ceramics which were manufactured with the addition of Mn $O_{2}$. According to the increment of Mn $O_{2}$ addition, tetragonality was decreased. The specimen added with 1.5 mol% Mn $O_{2}$ and sintered at 1150.deg. C showed the highest density of 7.06[g/c $m^{3}$]. The variations of grain xize as a function of Mn $O_{2}$ addition were negligibly small. But grain was grown until 7.88[.mu.m] with increasing sintering temperature. Electromechamical coupling factor planar mode $K_{p}$ was decreased to a small value of $K_{p}$ = 0 in all the specimens added with Mn $O_{2}$ and sintered at 1150.deg. C & 1200.deg. C.& 1200.deg. C.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the Keum river estuary adjacent to coastal area. For this study we collected the 21 surface sediments samples. Mean size of surface samples was $3.24{\sim}6.65{\phi}$ on inner estuary and was $2.15{\sim}3.42{\phi}$ on outside estuary. Surface samples were composed of silt on inner estuary and were composed of sand which was more larger than $4{\phi}$ on outside estuary. Most major elements except CaO, $Na_2O$ showed good relationships between variation of contents and grain size. Contents of $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$, MgO, $K_2O$, $TiO_2$, $P_2O_5$ and $M_nO$ were increased predominately owing to the variation of mean size of surface samples. Contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Sr, Zn, La, Ce, Pb, Rb, Nd have a good relationships with grain size but Ba, Th, Sm have not. All of major and minor elements contents except $K_2O$ and Ba were less than world mean contents of shallow surface sediments but apprehend a high pollution possibility on silt sediments in the estuaries.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.3 s.178
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• pp.329-342
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to determine the geochemical characteristics for the stream sediments in the Konyang area. So we can estimate the environment contamination and understand geochemical disaster. We collect the stream sediments samples by wet sieving along the primary channels and slowly dry the collected samples in the laboratory and grind to pass a 200mesh using an alumina mortar and pestle for chemical analysis. Mineralogy, major, trace and rare earth elements are determined by XRD, XRE, ICP-AES and NAA analysis methods. For geochemical characteristics on the geological groups of stream sediments, the studied area was grouped into quartz porphyry area, sedimentary rock area, anorthosite area and gneiss area. Contents of major elements for the stream sediments in the Konyang area were $SiO_2\;41.86{\sim}76.74\;wt.%,\;Al_{2}O_{3}\;9.92{\sim}30.00\;wt.%,\;Fe_{2}O_{3}\;2.74{\sim}12.68\;wt.%,\;CaO\;0.22{\sim}3.31\;wt.%,\;MgO\;0.34{\sim}3.97\;wt.%,\;K_{2}O\;0.75{\sim}0.93\;wt.%,\;Na_{2}O\;0.25{\sim}1.92\;wt.%,\;TiO_{2}\;0.40{\sim}3.00\;wt.%,\;MnO\;0.03{\sim}0.21\;wt.%,\;P_{2}O_{5}\;0.05{\sim}0.38\;wt.%$. The contents of trace and rare earth elements for the stream sediments were $Cu\;7{\sim}102\;ppm,\;Pb\;15{\sim}47\;ppm,\;Sr\;48{\sim}513\;ppm,\;V\;29{\sim}129\;ppm,\;Zr\;31{\sim}217\;ppm,\;Li\;14{\sim}94\;ppm,\;Co\;5.6{\sim}32.1\;ppm,\;Cr\;23{\sim}259\;ppm,\;Cs\;1.7{\sim}8.7\;ppm,\;Hf\;2.1{\sim}109.0\;ppm,\;Rb\;34{\sim}247\;ppm,\;Sc\;4.5{\sim}21.9\;ppm,\;Zn\;24{\sim}609\;ppm,\;Sb\;0.8{\sim}2.6\;ppm,\;Th\;3{\sim}213\;ppm,\;Ce\;22{\sim}1000\;ppm,\;Eu\;0.7{\sim}5.3\;ppm,\;Yb\;0.6{\sim}6.4\;ppm$. Generally, the contents of $Al_{2}O_{3}\;and\;SiO_2$ had a good relationships with each other in rocks but it had a bad relationships in stream sediments for this study area. The contents of $Fe_{2}O_3$, CaO, MnO and $P_{2}O_{5}$ had a good relationships with major and minor elements in stream sediments of this study area. The contents of Co and V in the stream sediments had a good relationships with other toxic elements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.158-159
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• 2005

This study showed that the highest temperature point of the Dongrae thermal spring in Pusan was moved to the north direction of the Dongrae fault as times goes by. The Br concentration(1.5mg/L) in Dongrae thermal waters indicated the influence of 2% seawater mixing. If the simple mixing without hydrochemical reaction occurs between seawater and thermal water, the concentration of Mg will be about 20mg/L. But the low concentration(0.1 mg/L) of Mg, contrary to high concentration(10 mg/L) of surrounding groundwater not affected by thermal water, suggested the thermal water, seawater and rock interactions. The calculation of saturation index(SI) by using the geochemical code of EQ3NR showed that the Mg in thermal groundwater, which was introduced by seawater, was removed by the precipitation of Antigorite (SI: log Q/K =71.753, $Mg_{48}Si_{24}O_{85}(OH)_{62}$) and Tremolite (SI: 8.463, $Ca_2Mg_5Si_8O_{22}(OH)_2$), Talc (SI: 6.409, $Mg_3Si_4O_{10}(OH)_2$), Dolomite (SI: 2.014, $CaMg(CO_3)_2$), Chrysotile (SI: 3.698, $Mg_3Si_2O_5(OH)_4$) in the crack of fault zone. The highest temperature point in the study area will move to north direction and stop in the Jangjun area without the input of seawater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine the recovery of forest ecosystem at the burned areas of coniferous (Mt. Chosdae) and broad leaved forest (Samsinbong in Mt. Chiri) by investigating the changes of forest vegetation. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. In the Samsinbong, the total number of species appeared at the burned area were 5 species at tree layer, 11 species at sub-tree layer and 24 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 5 species at tree layer, 14 species at sub-tree layer, 18 species at shrub layer and 23 species at herb layer, respectively. In the Mt. Chosdae, the total number of species appeared at the burned area only showed to 83 species at herb layer, and at the unburned area were 7 species at tree layer, 13 species at sub-tree layer, 21 species at shrub layer and 46 species at herb layer, respectively. 2. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Samsinbong, pH was 5.8, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 7.42%, 0.73%, 28.5mg/kg, 1.3me/100g, 13.3me/100g and 2.2me/100g, respectively. But they showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. In the soil chemical properties of the burned area of Mt. Chosdae, pH was 5.3, and contents of Organic matter, Total nitrogen, Available $P_2O_5$, Exchangeable $K^+$, Exchange $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ and Exchange $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ were 6.42%, 0.25%, 24.4mg/kg, 0.7me/100g, 3.7me/100g and 2.1me/100g, respectively, and they also showed a tendency to decrease by passing the time. 3. An the burned and unburned areas of Samsinbong, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,049.1mg/m^2/h$ and $9,950.0mg/m^2/h$, respectively. An the burned and unburned areas of Mt. Chosdae, the total evolved amounts of soil respiration were $4,392.4mg/m^2/h$ and $8,286.5mg/m^2/h$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.95-98
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• 2002

전력선 통신 blocking filter용 자심 재료를 개발하기 위해서 MnO 24 mol%, ZnO 25 mol% and $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ 51 mol% 의 기본조성에 $MoO_{3}$, $SiO_{2}$, CaO를 첨가하여 $1350^{\circ}C$에서 대기압 상수 A를 7.8롤 고정하고 소결하여 미세구조를 제어하였으며 기본 조성에 $MoO_{3}$ 400 ppm, $SiO_{2}$ 100 ppm and CaO 200 ppm을 첨가한 경우 평균 입경 $25{\mu}m$ 의 균일한 결정립으로 구성된 미세구조를 얻었고 기공의 감소에 의한 치밀화로 $4.98g/cm^{2}$의 고밀도화가 이루어 졌다. 또한 소결체의 균일한 미세구조와 고밀도화로 인해서 8221(${25^{\circ}C}$, 1 KHz) 의 가장 높은 투자율 특성을 나타냈다. 시편의 온도가 증가함에 따라 투자율이 증가되어 ${110^{\circ}C}$에서 13904의 거대 투자융이 측정되었고, 코일의 인가주파수가 1 KHz에서 1 MHz까지 증가됨에 따라 최고 ${102^{\circ}C}$까지 시편 온도가 상승하였다. 가장 높은 투자율 특성을 나타낸 ferrite 코어를 사용하여 단상 및 3상용 블로킹 필터의 감쇄율을 측정한 결과 현재 국내의 전력선 통신용 주파수 대역으로 규정되어 있는 10 KHz ~ 450 KHz 대역에서 각각 -46.46 dB와 -73.9 dB의 최고 값을 얻었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1595-1600
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• 2011

Sugarcane press residue (SPR), a byproduct from the sugar industry was evaluated for it's nutrient and energetic quality in broilers and layers. The composition of SPR included (% DM): CP-11.76 (methionine-2.21, cystine-1.05, lysine-4.85, threonine-5.48% of CP), EE-7.87 (palmitic acid-30.3, stearic acid-4.1, oleic aicd-17.2, linoleic acid-38.0, linolenic acid-5.4% of EE), CF-10.08, TA-21.08 (Ca-3.87, P-1.10, Mg-0.95%, Fe-3500, Mn-284, Zn-113, Cu-61.5, Co-5.0 ppm and AIA-4.93%) and NFE-48.35% indicating that SPR is a valuable source of both organic and inorganic nutrients for poultry. The metabolic trials revealed the average ME of SPR as 749, 842 and 1,270 kcal/kg, respectively in broilers and 844, 936 and 1,031 kcal/kg in layers, at 10, 20 and 30% inclusion levels, respectively. Further, the fortification of SPR incorporated diets with biotechnological products viz., lipid utilizing agents (lipase and lecithin) or NSP degrading enzymes and their combination did not improve the ME content of such diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1625-1633
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• 2003

This study was conducted to observe effects of dietary acidogenicity value (AV) on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrients digestibility. The AV of feedstuffs was based on the dissolution of Ca from $CaCO_3$ powder added at the end of a 24 h in vitro fermentation. Three diets were formulated to be iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous with different AV. Two experiments were involved in this study. In experiment 1, it appears that pH, $NH_3-N$ concentration and A:P ratio tended to decrease, but gas production, VFA production and DM disappearance tended to increase with increasing dietary AV. In experiment 2, the rumen pH tended to decrease in order of high AV>medium AV>low AV treatment, respectively. There were no significant effects of dietary AV on $NH_3-N$ concentration, enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility. In addition, total VFA and individual VFA concentrations tended to increase with increasing dietary AV without significance. In fact, we hypothesized that different dietary AV would affect rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility because dietary AV was adjusted with fermentable carbohydrate sources. The present results indicate that differences in dietary AV between treatments were too small to affect rumen fermentation and its effects were minimal.