• 제목/요약/키워드: CaCO%24_3%24

검색결과 227건 처리시간 0.036초

Dried Sugarcane Press Residue as a Potential Feed Ingredient Source of Nutrients for Poultry

  • Suresh, B.N.;Reddy, B.S.V.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제24권11호
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    • pp.1595-1600
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    • 2011
  • Sugarcane press residue (SPR), a byproduct from the sugar industry was evaluated for it's nutrient and energetic quality in broilers and layers. The composition of SPR included (% DM): CP-11.76 (methionine-2.21, cystine-1.05, lysine-4.85, threonine-5.48% of CP), EE-7.87 (palmitic acid-30.3, stearic acid-4.1, oleic aicd-17.2, linoleic acid-38.0, linolenic acid-5.4% of EE), CF-10.08, TA-21.08 (Ca-3.87, P-1.10, Mg-0.95%, Fe-3500, Mn-284, Zn-113, Cu-61.5, Co-5.0 ppm and AIA-4.93%) and NFE-48.35% indicating that SPR is a valuable source of both organic and inorganic nutrients for poultry. The metabolic trials revealed the average ME of SPR as 749, 842 and 1,270 kcal/kg, respectively in broilers and 844, 936 and 1,031 kcal/kg in layers, at 10, 20 and 30% inclusion levels, respectively. Further, the fortification of SPR incorporated diets with biotechnological products viz., lipid utilizing agents (lipase and lecithin) or NSP degrading enzymes and their combination did not improve the ME content of such diets.

Aspergillus awamori와 Zymomonas mobilis로 구성된 혼합고정화 배양계의 최적 조건 (Optimal Conditions of Co-Immobilized Mixed Culture System with Aspergillus awamori and Zymomonas mobilis)

  • 박석규;이상원;손봉수;최수철;서권일;성낙계;김홍출
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.803-810
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    • 1995
  • Gel bead의 효율적인 이용을 목적으로 산소요구성이 전혀 다른 두 균주로 구성된 혼합고정화 배양계의 개발을 시도하였다. 호기성 균으로서 A. awamori, 혐기성균으로서 Z. mobilis를 사용하여 생전분으로 부터 에탄올 생산을 행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 두 균주의 최적 혼합비율은 A. awamori $1.25{\times}10^{9}\;spore/L-gel$, Z. mobilis 0.5g cell/L-gel이었다. 배양이 완료된 후의 gel bead 내의 균주 분포는 각각 혐기부와 호기부, 즉 gel bead의 표면부와 중심부로 생육장소가 구분되어 있었다. A-Z계의 배양에서는 에탄올의 수율이 낮았고, 균사가 gel bead로 부터 누출되었다. 배양 개시 후 36시간째에 배양기의 면전을 특수 제조한 check valve가 부착된 실리콘 plug로 교환하여 혐기적 배양을 행한 A-Z 36계에서는 gel bead로 부터 균사의 누출이 상당히 억제되었고, pH가 4.3을 유지하면서, 에탄올의 수율이 대조구 보다 약2배 높게 나타났다.

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The Electromagnetic and Thermal Properties of the Mn-Zn Ferrite for the Power Line Communication

  • Lee, Hae-Yon;Kim, Hyun-Sik;Huh, Jeoung-Sub;Oh, Young-Woo
    • KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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    • 제12C권4호
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    • pp.220-224
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    • 2002
  • The electromagnetic properties and thermal behavior of Mn-Zn ferrite cores for the blocking filter of PLC application were investigated as the function of additives. The highest density and permeability were 4.98 g/㎤ and 8,221, respectively and were obtained to the specimen with composition of MnO 24 mol%, ZnO 25 mol% and Fe$_2$O$_3$51 mol%, added MoO$_3$ of 400 ppm, SiO$_2$ of 100 ppm, and CaO of 200 ppm. The uniform grains were organized, and the microstructures were compacted due to reduction of pores in the specimen. The permeability was increased up to 13,904 as the temperature of specimen increased to 110。C. However, it was decreased precipitously under 100 over 110。C. The exothermic behavior was observed in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz, and the maximum temperature of specimen was 102。C at 1 MHz. In the consequence, the Mn-Zn ferrite core developed in this research will maintain the stable electromagnetic properties since the temperature of ferrite core rose to 93 。C in the range of 100 kHz to 450 kHz bandwidth qualified for PLC. The blocking filters were designed for single phase and three phases using the in-line and non-contact core. The best attenuation ratios of -46.46 dB and -73.9 dB were measured in the range of 100 kHz to 450 kHz bandwidth, respectively.

공주제일광산 수계에 분포하는 지하수, 지표수, 토양 및 퇴적물의 환경지구화학적 특성과 중금속 오염 (Environmental Geochemistry and Heavy Matel Contamination of Ground and Surface Water, Soil and Sediment at the Kongjujuil Mine Creek, Korea)

  • 이찬희
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.611-631
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    • 1999
  • Enviromental geochemisty and heary metal contamination at the Kongjueil mine creek were underaken on the basis of physicohemical properties and mineralogy for various kinds of water (surface, mine and ground water),soil, precipitate and sediment collected of April and December in 1998. Hydrgeochemical composition of the water samples are characterized by relatively significant enricant of Ca+Na, alkiali ions $NO_3$ and Cl inground and surfore water, wheras the mine waters are relatively eneripheral water of the mining creek have the characteristics of the (Ca+Mg)-$(HCO_3+SO_4)$type. The pH of the mine water is high acidity (3.24)and high EC (613$\mu$S/cm)compared with those of surface and ground water. The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}O$ values (relative to SMOW) in the waters are shpwn in -50.2 to -61.6% and -7.0 to -8.6$\textperthousand$(d value=5.8 to 8.7). Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbiste, kaolinite and smectite are superaturated in the surface and ground water, respectively. Calculated water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that weathing of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite owing to the continuous water-rock reaction. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic heavy metals may exist larfely in the from of metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^2)$and free metal $(M^{2+})$ in nmine water. These metals in the ground and surface water could be formed of $CO_3$ and OH complex ions. The average enrichment indices of water samples are 2.72 of the groundwater, 2.26 of the surface water and 14.15 of the acid mine water, normalizing by surface water composition at the non-mining creek, repectively. Characteristics of some major, minor and rate earth elements (Al/Na, K/Na, V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co, La/Ce, Th/Yb, $La_N/Yb_N$, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th) in soil and sediment are revealed a narrow range and homogeneous compositions may be explained by acidic to intermediate igneous rocks. And these suggested that sediment source of host granitic gneiss colud be due to rocks of high grade metamorphism originated by sedimentary rocks. Maximum concentrations of environmentally toxic elements in sediment and soil are Fe=53.80 wt.% As=660, Cd=4, Cr=175, Cu=158, Mn=1010, Pb=2933, Sb=4 and Zn=3740 ppm, and extremely high concentrations are found are found in the subsurface soil near the ore dump and precipitates. Normalizing by composition of host granitic gneiss, the average enerichment indices are 3.72 of the sediments, 3.48 of the soils, 10.40 of the precipitates of acid mine drainage and 6.25 of the soils near the main adit. The level of enerichment was very severe in mining drainage sediments, while it was not so great in the soils. mineral composition of soil and sediment near the mining area were partly variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. reddish variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. Reddish brown precipitation mineral in the acid mine drainage identifies by schwertmanite. From the separated mineralgy, soil and sediment are composed of some pyrite, arsenopyite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite and various kinds of hydroxied minerals.

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Effect of LED Irradiation on Growth Characteristids of Ginseng Cultivated in Plastic Film House

  • Seo, Sang Young;Cho, Jong hyeon;Kim, Chang Su;Kim, Hyo Jin;Kim, Dong Won;An, Min Sil;Yoon, Du Hyeon
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.45-45
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    • 2019
  • This experiment was carried out using artificial clay and LED in the plastic film house (irradiation time: 08:00~18:00/day). Seedlings (n = 63 per $3.3m^2$) of ginseng was planted on May 17, 2018. LED was combined with red and blue light in a 3:1 ratio and irradiated with different light intensity. The average air temperature from April to September was $12.3^{\circ}C$ $-26.0^{\circ}C$ and it was the the highest at $26.0^{\circ}C$ in August. The test area where fluorescent lamp was irradiated tended to be somewhat higher than the LED irradiation area. The chemical properties of the test soil are as follows. pH levels was 5.3~5.5, EC levels 0.45~0.52 dS/m and OM levels 33~37%. The total nitrogen content was 0.35~0.47% and the available $P_2O_5$ contents was 13.7~16.0 mg/kg, which was lower than the suitable level of 70~200 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations K and Mg contents were within acceptable ranges, but the Ca contents was $28{\sim}38cmol^+/kg$ levels higher than the permissible level ($2{\sim}6cmol^+/kg$). Germination of ginseng leaves took 8~9 days and the overall germination rate was 70~75%. The photometric characteristics of LED light intensity are as follows. The greater the light intensity, the higher the PAR (Photosynthetic Action Radiation) value, illuminance and solar irradiation. Photosynthetic rate was also increased with higher light intensity was investigated at $1.7{\sim}3.2{\mu}mol\;CO_2/m^2/s$. Leaf temperature ($23.7{\sim}24.8^{\circ}C$) by light intensity was the same trend. The growth of aerial parts (plant height etc.) were generally excellent when irradiated with 3 times the light intensity, the growth of the ginseng aerial parts were excellent as follows. The plant height was 42.6 cm, stem length was 25.2 cm, leaf length was 9.6 cm and stem diameter was 5.0 mm. The growth of underground part (root length etc.) was the same, and the root length was 24.4 cm, the tap root length was 6.0 cm, diameter of taproot was 18.2 mm and the fresh root weight was 17.2 g. There were no disease incidence such as Alternaria blight, Gray mold and Anthracnose. Disease of Damping off occurred 2.2~3.6% and incidence ratio of rusty root ginseng was 14.6~20.7%. Leaf discoloration rate was 13.7~48.9% and increased with increasing light intensity. Ginsenoside content of ginseng by light intensity is under analysis.

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NaY 제올라이트 촉매 상에서 젖산 탈수반응을 통한 바이오아크릴산 생산: Ca 함침 및 KOH 처리 영향 (Dehydration of Lactic Acid to Bio-acrylic Acid over NaY Zeolites: Effect of Calcium Promotion and KOH Treatment)

  • 김지찬;서수민;제정호
    • 청정기술
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.269-277
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    • 2022
  • 생물학적 효소 반응 산업의 발전으로 인해 바이오매스 자원으로부터 젖산을 대량 생산하는 것이 가능해짐에 따라 젖산의 추가적인 탈수 반응을 통해 고흡수성 수지 SAP, 디스플레이의 점접착제 등의 원료가 되는 아크릴산을 생산하는 친환경 공정이 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 젖산 탈수 반응에서 높은 활성을 가지나, 비활성화가 빠른 단점을 가지는 NaY 제올라이트 촉매의 산점 및 염기점을 조절하여, 높은 아크릴산 선택도를 장시간 유지 가능한 촉매를 개발하고자 하였다. 첫번째로 NaY 모촉매에 부분적으로 칼슘을 치환하여 산/염기도를 변화시키고자 하였으며, 이온 교환법과 초기습식 함침법을 모두 적용하여 그 효과를 탐색하였다. 그 결과 직접적으로 Ca를 함침하는 것이 선택도 및 안정성 측면에서 우수한 것을 확인하였으며, 16시간 반응 동안 40% 수율의 AA를 안정적으로 생산하였다. 산/염기 특성 분석 결과, 함침된 Ca는 주로 CaO 형태로 촉매 외피에 존재하면서, 젖산 탈수 반응을 위한 추가적인 염기점으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 NaY 모촉매의 산세기를 약화시키면서 기공 내외적으로 Ca을 고르게 분산시키기 위해, KOH 처리를 통한 탈규소화 후, Ca를 함침하였다. 그러나 기존 Ca-NaY 촉매 대비 아크릴산 선택도가 증진되는 효과는 관찰하지 못하였다. 최종적으로 KOH 처리 촉매에서 Ca 담지양을 1 wt%에서 5 wt%로 증가시켜 염기점 양을 증진시켜 보았다. 그 결과, 기존 1 wt% Ca가 함침된 촉매에 비해 아크릴산 선택도를 65%까지 증진시킬 수 있었으며, 24시간 반응 동안 촉매 안정성 또한 꾸준하게 유지되어, 젖산 탈수 반응에서 염기점 조절이 선택도 및 안정성 향상에 중요한 변수임을 제시하였다.

First Description of Crown Gall Disease on Ginseng

  • Jeon, Yong-Ho;Park, Hoon;Lee, Byeong-Dae;Yu, Yun-Hyun;Chang, Sung-Pae;Kim, Sang-Gyu;Hwang, In-Gyu;Kim, Young-Ho
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.207-210
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    • 2008
  • In March of 2003, tumors (galls) were observed on ginseng seedling roots in ginseng seedbeds at Yeoju, Gyeonggi province, Korea. Symptoms were spherical or galls with about 0.5-1.0cm in diameter formed on the upper through middle parts of the primary roots. Bacterial isolates obtained from the root galls were Gram-negative, rod-shaped with peritrichous flagella, aerobic, not forming yellow or orange colonies on nutrient glucose agar, yeast extract-dextrose $CaCO_3$ agar and nutrient-broth yeast extract agar, non-fluorescent on King's B agar, and non-spore forming, which were identical to characteristics of the genus Agrobacterium. They were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens with 0.732-0.993 similarities in 100% probability by the Biolog analyses. The 16S rRNA gene partial sequences of the six isolates tested (Genbank Accession EF486308-EF486313) were 100% homologous to those of other A. tumefaciens strains (GenBank accession AF501343, AY701900, AY701898, AY701899). The above results confirmed that this bacterium is A. tumefaciens. Pathogenicity of the bacteria was proved by the inoculation test on carrot root discs and tomato seedlings. This is the first description of A. tumefaciens causing root gall in ginseng seedling. The disease occurred locally and sparsely, but considering its appearances in seedbeds suggests that the ginseng root gall may become a threat to ginseng in Korea.

자가관류법에 의한 체외심폐의 혈역학적 변동에 관한 실험적 연구 (The experimental study for hemodynamic changes in the heart-lung preparatio by autoperfusion)

  • 한승세
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.179-190
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    • 1989
  • The experimental study for extracorporeal preservation of the heart-lung preparation by autoperfusion system was performed in 10 dogs. Under intravenous Pentothal endotracheal anesthesia bilateral thoracotomies were performed. A 24F cannula connected to a plastic reservoir bag located 100 cm above the level of the heart was introduced into the aortic arch. Left subclavian, innominate artery, and descending aorta were ligated and divided. Both vena cavae were ligated and divided after the bag was half filled with blood. A 24F catheter inserted into right atrium and connected to the plastic bag in order to keep constant the preload. The thoracic trachea was intubated and the lungs were ventilated. The heart-lung preparations were removed en bloc and floated in a $34^{\circ}C$ bath of Hartmann solution. The preparations were observed for from 2 hours to 8 hours, with the average of 5.2 hours. Hemodynamic and hematologic variables were measured during preharvest and autoperfusion. The pH revealed severe respiratory alkalosis due to very low $PaCO_2$ during autoperfusion ; $PaO_2$ remained constant for 130-140 mmHg; $A-aDO_2$ increased markedly. The static inspiratory pressure [SIP] at late autoperfusion [6hr] increased significantly as compared with at early autoperfusion [2hr]. There was no difference between white blood cell counts from right atrium and those of left atrium. Heart rates remained constant for 110-120/min; cardiac outputs maintained to approximately 0.6L/min; mean aortic pressures, 75 mmHg; mean pulmonary arterial pressures, 15-18 mmHg; mean right atrial pressures, 9-13 mmHg; mean left atrial pressures, 12 mmHg lower than those of right atrium. Serum Na maintained with normal range during autoperfusion; K increased significantly; Ca decreased progressively. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased significantly during autoperfusion. The study demonstrated that stable hemodynamics could be maintained throughout the experiment and the preparation of the lung seemed to be inadequate, especially after 3-4 hours, such as high $A-aDO_2$, increased SIP, and scattered atelectasis and edema in their gross appearances.

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각종 근관충전용 시멘트의 미세누출에 관한 연구 (A STUDY ON THE MICROLEAKAGE OF ROOT CANAL SEALERS)

  • 조지선;황호길;조영곤
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.202-217
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of microleakage of Glass-Ionomer root canal sealer possessed several enviable properties with that of the other sealers and to evaluate clinical performance. One hundred twenty single-rooted teeth were used in this experiment. The teeth were cleaned mechanically and immersed for 24 hours in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and clinical crowns then were removed. After the root canals were instrumented using a step-back technique. one hundred twenty single-rooted teeth were divided into five groups of 24 in each. Group 1 : Tubli-Seal(Kerr Co., MI, U.S.A/ZOE-based), lateral condensation Group 2 : Sealapex(Kerr/Sybron, Romulus, MI/ $Ca(OH)_2$-based), lateral condensation Group 3 : AH 26(De Trey Co., Zurich Switzerland/Resin-based), lateral condensation Group 4 : Ketac-Endo(ESPE GMBH & CO. KG Seefeld:oberbay. Germany/ Glass Ionomer Cement-based), lateral condensation Control group : no sealer. lateral condensation And then. the root canals were obturated by lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha and experimental sealers. The control group were obturated without sealer. The teeth were placed in a vacuum chamber for 15 minutes and immersed 2% methylene blue under vacuum for 15 minutes. The teeth were passively stained for 1 week and 2 weeks and were cleared and evaluated for linear dye leakage using Tool maker's microscope(${\times}200$). The results were as follows: 1. There were statistically significant differences in the degree of dye penetration between the control group and experimental groups(p<0.05). 2. In the experimental groups, Sealapex($1.2871{\pm}0.9180mm$) exhibited the lowest mean value of dye penetration, followed by Ketac-Endo($1.4432{\pm}0.8082mm$), AH 26($1.5030{\pm}0.7752mm$) and Tubli-Seal($1.6458{\pm}1.0292mm$)(p>0.05). 3. There were statistically significant differences in the variation of microleakage between 1 week and 2weeks in Tubli-Seal and Seal apex groups (p<0.05). 4. The degree of dye penetration of all groups were increased as the time elapsed and AH 26 showed the lowest variation(+0.11) and Tubli-Seal(+ 1.03) showed the highest variation (p<0.001).

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Bacillus sp. Y-124로부터 $\alpha$-Amylase의 생산 및 그 보존성에 관한 연구 (Production and Preservation of $\alpha$-Amylase from Bacillus sp. Y-124)

  • Jun, Hong-Ki;Yeehn Yeeh;Lee, Jong-Kune
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.145-152
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    • 1981
  • 산업폐수로부터 강력한 $\alpha$-amylase 생성능력을 가진 미생물을 분리하여 검토한 곁과 Bacillus속 (Bacillus Y-124)으로 판명되었으며, Bacillus Y-l24로부터 $\alpha$-amylase의 생산성을 최적화하기 위해 배양조건 및 생성된 효소의 안정성을 유지하기 위한 제반 영향들을 검토하였다. 기본 배지내의 casein 및 Ca-pantothenate의 첨가는 본 효소의 생산에 좋은 인자로 작용하였으며 calcium이온 역시 효소합성에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 (NH$_4$)$_2$HPO$_4$는 본 미생물의 효소생성 에 중요한 유기 질소원으로 작용하였다. 생성된 본 효소의 보존에 대한 안정성의 유지에는 calcium 및 sodium염의 영향이 컸으며 특히 CaCO$_3$$Na_2$SO$_4$의 첨가는 이 효소의 변성요인을 제거하는데 효과적인 보존제의 하나로 인식되 었다.

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