• 산업기술연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.13-24
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• 1996

This research aims to investigate the effects of an internal carbon source in the denitrification of piggery wastewater. In this study, the raw wastewater and the effluent from each of anoxic basin and anaerobic basin were used as the internal carbon sources. The experiments were carried out in batch system and the results are as follows ; i) Denitrification rates were the highest in the raw wastewater and the lowest in the anaerobic effluent. ii) The piggery wastewater contained about 60 percent of the readily biodegradable organic(RDCOD), which led to a conclusion that the raw wastewater could be used as the internal carbon source for the denitrification. For the efficient denitrification, pre-denitrification process was found profitable. iii) In denitrification, alkalinity production rates were in the range of 3.4 to $3.6mgCaCO_3/mgNO_3-N$. iv) The denitritation of piggery wastewater came out to be possible, and the rate of organic carbon consumption decreased about 10 percent.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2001

Dustfall particles were collected by the modified American dust jar (wide inlet bottle type) at 6 sampling sites in Pusan area from March, 1999 to February, 2000. Thirteen chemical species (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, and Zn) were analyzed by AAS and ICP. The purposes of this study were to estimate qualitatively various bulk deposition flux of dustfall and insoluble components by applying regional and seasonal distribution. Dustfall amount of regional variations were found in order of coastal zone, industrial zone, commercial zone, agricultural zone and residential zone, and seasonal total dustfall had higher concentrations during spring for 6.741 ton/${km}^2$/season, lower concentrations during summer for 1.989 ton/${km}^2$/season, and annual total concentration was 17.742 ton/${km}^2$/year. The regional distributions of enrichment factor show well-defined anthropogenic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) at industrial and agricultural zone, and contribution rate of soil particles were found in order of summer, fall, winter and spring. Factor loading effects of chemical composition of dustfall were found in order of road traffic emission source and combustion processed source, industrial activity source, soil source and marine source.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study was to develop the P $M_{2.5}$ source Profiles, which are mass abundances (fraction of total mass) of a chemical species in P $M_{2.5}$ source emissions. The source categories studied were soil, road dust, gasoline and diesel vehicles, industrial source, municipal incinerator, coal-fired power plant, biomass burning, and marine. The chemicals analyzed were ions. elements. and carbons. From this study, soil source had the crustal components such as Si, hi, and Fe. In the case of road dust. Si, OC, Ca, Fe had large abundances. The abundant species were S $O_4$$^{2-}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $H_4$$^{+}$, and EC in the gasoline vehicle and EC, OC, C $l^{[-10]}$ , and S $O_4$$^{2-}$ in the diesel vehicle. The main components were S $O_4$$^{2-}$, S N $H_4$$^{+}$, and EC in the industrial source using bunker C oil as fuel, C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $H_4$$^{+}$, Fe, and OC in the municipal incinerator source, and Si, Al, S $O_4$$^{2-}$, and OC in the coal -fired power plant source. In the case of biomass burning, OC, EC, and C $l^{[-10]}$ were mainly emitted. The main components in marine were C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $a^{+}$, and S $O_4$$^{2-}$.EX> 2-/.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.979-985
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• 2001

Two experiments on commercial broiler chickens (3-37 d) and WL layers (252-364 d) were conducted to study the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (P) from different P supplements in comparison to tricalcium phosphate (TCP), at constant dietary calcium (Ca):P ratio. The P sources tested were dicalcium phosphate (DCP), steam sterilized bone meal (SSBM), commercial mineral mixture (CMM), phosphoric acid (PA) and a combination of CMM + PA. Fluorine (F) content in CMM and SSBM was 13.12 and 0.14 g/kg, respectively. In commercial broiler diets, DCP, SSBM or PA could be used as supplemental P sources without affecting (p<0.05) weight gain, feed intake, tibia ash and, P and Ca contents in tibia ash when compared to TCP. Severity of leg abnormality and deposition of F in bone were higher (p<0.05) in group fed CMM. P retention and serum inorganic P content was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in CMM fed birds compared to those fed TCP, SSBM, PA or CMM+PA. Among other P sources (TCP, SSBM, PA and CMM+PA) the serum inorganic P levels did not vary significantly (p<0.05). The P retention also significantly reduced in CMM fed groups compared to those fed DCP or PA. The P retention significantly increased from 0.183 to 0.216 units by supplementation of PA to CMM diet. In layers, egg production was not affected by replacing TCP with DCP, SSBM, PA or CMM+PA, but significantly (p<0.05) reduced with CMM. Feed (kg)/kg egg mass, egg weight, shell quality (shell weight and shell thickness) and serum Ca levels were not influenced by dietary variation in P source. The poor performance of both broilers and layers fed on CMM based diets could be attributed to the presence of hlgher levels of F (647.8 and 630.1 mg/kg, respectively) and low P utilization. Based on growth, bone mineralization and P retention it is concluded that DCP, SSBM or PA can be used as alternatives to TCP in broiler diets. In WL layer diets, in addition to above P sources, CMM can also be used as supplemental P source by replacing one half of P from CMM with PA without affecting egg production and shell quality.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2003

가축 사료첨가용 효소생산을 목적으로 xylanase 및 CMCase를 동시에 분비하는 미생물을 분리한 후 가장 생산성이 높은 균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 미생물을 동정한 결과 Bacillus sp.에 속하는 균주로 Bacillus sp. A-7로 명명하였으며, B. licheniformis로 동정되었다. 효소생산을 위한 최적 액상배양조건은 탄소원으로 glucose 2.0%(w/v), 질소원으로 yeast extract 0.3%(w/v), 미네랄은 CaCl$_2$ 0.1% (w/v)인 것으로 나타났다. 저렴한 효소생산을 위한 배지조성을 얻기 위해 가축사료로 이용되는 저가의 원료사료를 이용하여 효소생산성을 파악한 결과 대두박 1.0%(w/v)와 당밀 0.5%(w/v)가 특히 xylanase 생산성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 대두박 1.0%(w/v)를 기본배지로 하여 ammonium nitrate 0.3%(w/v) 및$ CaCl_2$ 0.1% 첨가가 적합한 배지조성으로 나타났다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the source of U anormaly formed in stream water of the drainage system around the Shinbo talc mine area based on the hydrochemical properties of water masses including surface water and groundwater. The hydrochemical properties of water masses in the Shinbo talc mine area are divide into three types; Type I : $Ca(Mg)SO_4$ type with high U content as shown in the stream water flowout from the mine, Type II : $Ca(HCO_3)_2$ type with high U content as in deep groundwater, Type III : $Ca(HCO_3)_2$, type with low U content as in the other stream water and shallow groundwater. It is necessary to emphasize that in deducing the uranium source, a distinct discrimination between type I and type II is showed in their hydrothermal properties in spite of commonly having a high uranium content, which in turn means the occurrence of a different water-rock interaction processes between both type. All evidences suggest that type II groundwater have acted as a primary media in the transport of uranium and that, as the groundwater flows through the talc mineralization zone, water composition of type II was transformed into that of type I water as the results of a secondary water rock interaction process, caused by imposition of new mineralogically controlled thermodynamic constraints. Consequently, in the viewpoint of hydrochemical exploration, the investigation of the hydrologic circulation system and the hydrogeologic properties for the aquifer of type II groundwater shall be done first of all and will provide a crucial clue on tracing the uranium mineralization zone occurred in the Shinbo talc mine area.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2019

Objective: Phosphorous (P) sources with greater bioavailability might increase animal production efficiency and decrease environmental pollution. The objective of current study was to determine animal performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and fecal P concentration in finishing lambs fed a diet with either di-calcium phosphate (DCP) or di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) as a P source. Methods: Twelve 4-month-old male lambs (initial body weight $24.87{\pm}3.4kg$) were randomly allocated to a diet with either DCP or DAP (~261 g/kg of total diet P) fed ad libitum for 93 days. Diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic and had same calcium (Ca) and P concentrations. Results: The DAP contained 19.7 g/kg of dry matter (DM) Ca, 185.4 g/kg DM P and 14,623 ppm fluorine, while DCP contained 230.3 g/kg DM Ca, 195.2 g/kg DM P and 1,039 ppm fluorine. The diet with DAP contained 60 ppm fluorine while the diet with DCP contained 13 ppm fluorine. Lambs fed the diet with DAP tended to have a greater daily DM intake compared to those fed diet with DCP (p = 0.09). Lambs fed DAP had greater plasma P concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity ($p{\leq}0.01$) compared with lambs fed DCP. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets were similar between two treatments at days 60 and 90, while they were greater in lambs fed DCP (p<0.05) at day 30 of the trial. Feeding DAP increased P digestibility (58.7% vs 50.2%; p<0.05) and decreased fecal P concentration in lambs compared with feeding DCP (3.1 vs 3.8 g/kg DM; p<0.05). Conclusion: Providing ~261 g/kg of total diet P as DAP in the diet of finishing lambs improved the bioavailability of P in the body and decreased excretion of P in feces without affecting lamb performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.747-751
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• 1999

The Hohenheim in vitro gas test was used to assess the nutritional value of some crop residues of known in vivo digestibility. The crop residues are groundnut shells (GNS) corn cobs (CC); cassava peels (CaP); unripe and ripe plantain peels (UPP, RPP) and citrus pulp/peels (CPP). Compared to other crop residues, crude protein (CP) content of CC was low. Except for CaP and CPP that had low neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), other residues contained a high amount of cell wall constituents. Net gas production was significantly different among the crop residues (p<0.05). Gas production was highest in CPP followed by CaP. CC, UPP and RPP have the same volume of net gas production, while the least net gas production was in GNS. True dry matter (TDM) digestibility was significantly different (p<0.05) among the residues. GNS was the least in TDM digestibility. CaP, UPP and RPP had similar TDM digestibility values, while the highest TDM digestibility was obtained in CPP. OM digestibility was different among the residues (p<0.05). CaP and CPP had the same ME value while CC, UPP and RPP had close ME values and GNS the least in ME (p<0.05). The potential extent (b) and rate (c) of gas production were statistical different among the residues (p<0.05). The Hohenheim gas test gave high in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibility for CC, CaP, UPP and RPP and CPP. Fermentable carbohydrates and probably available nitrogen in the crop residues influenced net gas production. The results showed that crop residues besides, providing bulk are also a source of energy and fermentable products which could be used in ruminant livestock production in the tropics.

• 공업화학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

탄산화 공정을 위한 Ca 추출원으로 시멘트 산업부산물을 사용하였다. ICP와 XRD 분석을 통하여 시멘트 산업부산물은 대부분 CaO와 KCl로 구성되어 있음을 확인하였다. 최적화된 추출용제의 종류 및 농도는 1.5 M of hydrochloric acid이며 최적의 고액비는 0.1 g/mL이었다. 추출 성능 실험 결과를 통해 양이온의 추출효율은 이온 결합 형태 및 용해도에 의존함으로 판단되었다. 또한 추출 공정 후, 첨가물의 종류 및 주입 순서에 따라 선택적으로 양이온이 분리될 수 있음을 확인하였다. pH를 9.5, 13으로 조절하기 위하여 NaOH를 주입하였을 때 불순물과 $Ca(OH)_2$가 침전되었으며, $C_2H_5OH$를 주입한 경우 KCl 형태로 분리된 K가 침전되었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2008

강화 석모도 지역 석모도 온천수의 영족기체와 온천수의 지화학적 진화와 기원을 해석하고 온천수의 지화학적 특성을 규명하기 위해 온천수, 지하수, 지표수의 수리화학, 안정 동위원소, 영족기체 동위원소 분석이 이루어졌다. 온천수와 지하수의 pH는 각각 $6.42{\sim}6.77,\;6.01{\sim}7.71$로 약산성을 보이고 있다. 석모도 온천 지역의 온천수의 유출수온은 $43.3{\sim}68.6^{\circ}C$이다. 온천수의 전기전도도는 $60,200{\sim}84,300{\mu}S/cm$으로 비교적 높은 값이며 석모도 온천수가 해수와 혼합되어졌음을 암시하고 있다. 석모도 온천수의 화학 조성은 Na-Ca-Cl형이다. 반면, 지하수와 지표수는 각각 Na(Ca)-$HCO_3$, Na(Ca)-$SO_4$형과 Ca-$HCO_3$ 형으로 구분된다. 석모도 온천수의 산소와 수소 동위원소비는 각각 $-4.41{\sim}-4.47%o$와 $-32.0{\sim}-33.5%o$로 순환수 기원이다. 지하수에서의 산수 수소 동위원소비는 각각 $-7.07{\sim}-8.55%o,\;-50.24{\sim}-59.6%o$이다. 석모도 온천수에 $^{18}O$와 $^2H$가 부화된 특성은 온천수가 담수와 해수의 혼합대에서 유래되었음을 암시하고 있다. 석모도 온천수 중의 황산염이온의 황 동위원소비는 $23.1{\sim}23.5%o$로 이 지역 해수의 황 동위원소비(20.2%o)와 유사하다. 이는 온천수의 황이 해수의 황산염으로부터 유래되었음을 의미한다. 석모도 온천수의 $^3He/^4He$ 비는 $1.243{\times}10^{-6}{\sim}1.299{\times}10^{-6}cm^3STP/g$로 온천수 중의 He 가스가 부분적으로 맨틀에서 유래되었음을 보여준다. 온천수에서의 아르곤 동위원소비$(^{40}Ar/^{36}Ar=298{\times}10^{-6})cm^3STP/g$는 대기기원의 값을 보인다.