• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.307-313
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• 2011

As production of LCD increases, it has become necessary to find an economically efficient way of treating LCD wastewater with high concentration of fluoride. This study focuses on the calcium sources : $CaCl_2$, $Ca(OH)_2$ and $CaCO_3$ for the treatment of the LCD wastewater including high concentration of fluoride. Of course considering removal efficiency and economical aspect, study is continued. Then this study have objective giving aid to field. Consequently, each calcium source's removal efficiency was measured in various pH, calcium dosage, reaction time, and mixing intensity. The optimum operational conditions for $CaCl_2$ were found to be pH of 7, calcium dosage of 0.4[Ca]/[F] (mol / mol), 1 hr of operation and 200 rpm of mixing intensity. For $Ca(OH)_2$, they were pH of 7, calcium dosage of 30 mL/L, 1 hr of operation, and 200 rpm of mixing intensity. While $CaCO_3$ had operational conditions of pH of 4, calcium dosage of 30 mL/L, 1 hr operation and 200 rpm of mixing intensity. But it is recommended to use calcium sources according to various field conditions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.854-859
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• 2015

This experiment was performed to develop a model for nutrition ion concentration and EC in regard to change in pH from 4.0 to 8.0 in nutrient solution. The pH changes according to the variation of $HPO_4{^{-2}}$ and $H_2PO_4{^-}$ in the nutrient solution while variation of EC increased from pH 4.0 to 5.0, stabilized from pH 5.0 to 7.0 and increased again from pH 7.0 to 8.0. For the variance of major elements in the nutrient solution, K, Ca, N and P increased while pH was higher, especially the variables for K and P were increased largely. On the other hand, variables of Mg and S were stable. Based on analysis of the ion balance model of nutrient solution, the cation increased than anion over rising the variation of pH while balance point of ion moved from a-side to d-side. In addition, the imbalance increased while it moved away from the EC centerline as variance of pH increased. It was larger than effect of EC variance to correction values of equivalence ratios of K and Ca about variation of $HPO_4{^{-2}}$ and $H_2PO_4{^-}$ while as variance of pH increased, K decreased but Ca increased. These showed the result that variance of pH about correction values of equivalence ratios of K and Ca gave a second-degree polynomial model rating of 0.97. Through this research, it was identified the pH variable model about variance among pH, ion and EC according to gradient of phosphate.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 1998

The relationship between storage stability and calcium contents extracted from anchovy according to particle sizes was investigated in this paper. The results are as follows; 1. The acid value (A Y) and the peroxide value (POY) of anchovy were in the rank order of whole anchovy<35<50<80 mesh by particle sizes and 6<12<18<30 months by storage term. 2. The Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P) contents extracted from anchovy were in the rank order of whole anchovy<35<50<80 mesh by particle sizes and 10<20<30 minutes by heating time. The extracted amount of Ca was the largest when anchovy particles with 80 mesh were heated for 30 minutes. In that case the amount of Ca in the anchovy stocks was 52.54 mg. 3. The amount ratio between Ca and P was in the rank order of 30<20<10 minutes by boiling time and indicated 1:3.99~5.16 by each part. The lowest ratio of Ca to P was 1:3.99 when anchovy particles with 80 mesh were heated for 30 minutes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.164-168
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• 2017

This study experimentally determined the effect of calcium ion ($Ca^{2+}$) (0-0.55 mM) and intial pH (4.0-10.0) on phosphorus (P) removal in synthetic wastewater (2 mg P/L) using titanium tetrachloride ($TiCl_4$) (0.12-0.18 mM). At TiCl4 concentration ([$TiCl_4$]) = 0.12 mM, the P removal efficiency was the highest (95.1%) at pH 7 but the efficiency decreased to 51.4% at pH 8. The P removal efficiency was 55.6% at $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ([$Ca^{2+}$]) = 0 mM but the efficiency increased to 90.5% at [$Ca^{2+}$] = 0.045 mM at [$TiCl_4$] = 0.12 mM. On the other hand, the P removal efficiency difference was not large (96.5-99.5%) with [$Ca^{2+}$] at [$TiCl_4$] = 0.15-0.18 mM. Within the design boundaries of $0.00{\leq}[Ca^{2+}]{\leq}0.18mM$ and $7.0{\leq}initial$ $pH{\leq}9.0$ at [$TiCl_4$] = 0.12 mM, the 90% P removal efficiency could be achieved at $[Ca2+]{\geq}0.10mM$ with pH 8.0 and $[Ca2+]{\geq}0.12mM$ with pH 9.0.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 1998

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the influence of several minerals from dietary mineral premix on growth and body composition in juvenile Korean rockfish. Three replicate groups of fish Initially averaging 4.2 g were fed one of the ten experimental diets. Korean rockfish muscle and casein as protein sources were used in the basal diet, and deleted one of each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, Se or all) in the control mineral premix, Weight gain, feed efficiency and nutrient retention in fish fed the diet not containing mineral premix were significantly lower than those in fish fed other diets (P<0.01). Weight gain in fish fed the diets deleted each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Hg, Fe, K, Mn or Se) was lower than that of control diet (P<0.01), Feed efficiency and protein retention in fish fed the diets deleted each of P, Ca, Zn or Mn were lower than those ot control diet (P<0.01). Daily feed intake and lipid retention were not affected by dietary mineral premixes ( P>0.01). Proximate analysis and mineral contents in the whole body, muscle, liver or bone of fish fed the diets deleted each mineral were not different to control diet ( P>0.01). The data obtained in this study indicate that each of the P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn or Se is essential for normal growth of Korean rockfish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.709-715
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• 1993

This study was carried out to estimate the relationship among dietary intakes, blood levels, and urinary excretions of Ca, P, Mg and serum lipid levels in 30 healthy adults living area of Korea(12males and 18 females). Analyses for the nutritional status of the subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hours urine collection, and venous blood sampling before anthropometry. The mean daily intakes of Ca, P and Mg estimated for 3 days were 452.5$\pm$159.5mg, 725.6$\pm$ 567.8mg and 240.4$\pm$78.5mg and the serum concentrations of Ca, P and Mg were 8.9$\pm$ 0.5mg / dl, 3.3$\pm$0.6mg / dl, and 2.1$\pm$0.8mg /dl, respectively. The 24-hour urinary excretions of Ca, P and Mg were 80.4$\pm$24.0mg, 399.0$\pm$161.1mg and 64.8$\pm$35.3mg, respectively. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were 158.8$\pm$32.9mg/dl, 95.6$\pm$43.9mg/dl, 45.7$\pm$9.9mg/dl and 92.2$\pm$ 28.5mg/dl, respectively. In the relation between Ca, P, Mg and serum lipids it showed positive correlation with serum Ca and HDL-cholesterol at the level of significance of 5%. It can be concluded that the high level of Ca in serum may be useful in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, but the study verifies the need for more systematic studies.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2003

Purpose: The prognostic significance of peri-operative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 determination in patients with gastric cancer has been controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the significance of CEA and CA19-9 as clinical predictors of prognosis. Materials and Methods: The correlations between peri-operative serum CEA/CA19-9 levels and clinicopathologic factors were evaluated retrospectively in gastric cancer patients who had undergone curative surgery during the period from January 1995 to December 1998 at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Results: The positive rates for CEA and CA19-9 were $17.9\%$ and $18.4\%$, respectively. The CEA positivity was related to the depth of invasion (P=0.040), lymph-node metastasis (P=0.000), and stage (P=0.001). The CA19-9 positivity was significantly related to the depth of invasion (P=0.000), lymph-node status (P=0.000), and stage (P=0.000). The positive rate of combined assay of pre-operative CEA and CA19-9 was $30.0\%$ There were statistically significant correlations with stage, depth of invasion, or degree of lymphnode metastasis in the combined assay. The survival rates according to the positivity of CEA and to the positivity of CA19-9 were clearly different (P=0.000). Conclusion: It should be stressed that even a simple blood test prior to surgery could be useful in establishing the depth of invasion, the status of lymph-node involvement, and the prognosis. For improved survival, an aggressive lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for patients with positive levels of pre-operative CA19- 9.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.530-536
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• 2014

In a $2{\times}2$ factorial experiment the hypotheses tested were that the metabolic acid load caused by benzoic acid (BA) added to the feed affects bone mineralization of weanling pigs, and that a wide dietary calcium (Ca) to phosphorus (P) ratio in phytase-supplemented feeds with a marginal P concentration has a positive effect on bone mineralization. The four experimental diets, which contained 0.4% P and were supplemented with 1,000 FTU phytase/kg, contained either 5 g BA/kg or no BA and either 0.77% Ca or 0.57% Ca. The 68 four-week-old Large White pigs were fed the experimental diets ad libitum for six weeks and were then slaughtered. Benzoic acid increased feed intake (p = 0.009) and growth rate (p = 0.051), but did not influence the feed conversion ratio (p>0.10). Benzoic acid decreased the pH of the urine (p = 0.031), but did not affect breaking strength and mineralization of the tibia (p>0.10). The wide Ca:P ratio decreased feed intake (p = 0.034) and growth rate (p = 0.007) and impaired feed the conversion ratio (p = 0.027), but increased the mineral concentration in the fat-free DM of the tibia (p = 0.013) without influencing its breaking strength (p>0.10). The observed positive effect of the wide Ca:P ratio on bone mineralization may be attributed, at least in part, to the impaired feed conversion ratio, i.e. to the higher feed intake and consequently to the higher mineral intake per kg BW gain. The negative impact on animal performance of the wide dietary Ca:P ratio outweighs its potentially positive effect on bone mineralization, precluding its implementation under practical feeding conditions.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1996

The effects of scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus, Lqh) venom were evaluated on the activities of microsomal $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ and $Ca^{2+}$ release channel prepared from the epithelial cells of pig airway. Whole venom of Lqh $(120\;{\mu}g/ml)$ increased the activity of microsomal $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ about 32% in the tight-sealed microsomes and about 28% in the Triton X-100-treated or $Ca^{2+}$ ionophore A23187-treated leaky microsomes. Thapsigargin, a specific antagonist of $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$, inhibited 42% of total ATPase activity and also completely blocked the effects of Lqh venom, suggesting that Lqh venom directly activiates the microsomal $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$. In order to determine if Lqh venom increases the microsomal uptake of $^{45}Ca^{2+}$, Lqh venom was added in the uptake medium. The Lqh venom increased microsomal $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake up to ${\sim}20%$ and the increase was only observed when heparin, an antagonist of $InsP_3$ receptor channel, was added in the uptake medium. Lqh venom in the absence of heparin unexpectedly decreased the rate and the amount of $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake. These results were explained by simultaneous increases in $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ release as well as $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake by Lqh venom. Lqh venom itself increased the release of $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ as much as $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ release by $4\;{\mu}m\;InsP_3$, implying that Lqh venom also activates $InsP_3$ receptor, microsomal $Ca^{2+}$ release channel. Based on these results, we suggest that the Lqh venom consists of at least two components; one activates the $InsP_3$ receptor and the other avates the $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$. Currently we a investigating the chemical and electrophysiological properties of the active components of Lqh venom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.873-880
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• 2020

After pre-treatment of oyster shells according to particle size (0 ~ 1, 1 ~ 2, 2 ~ 5 mm) and pyrolysis temperature (400(P400), 500(P500), 600(P600), 800(P800)℃), changes in the properties of sediments mixed with pre-treated oyster shells were investigated. The primary component of the oyster shell was changed from CaCO3 to CaO at temperatures above 700℃. The Ca2+ concentration in P800 was 790 mg/L, which was 2 ~ 3 times higher than those in the control and other experimental samples. Ca2+ elution significantly increased at the pyrolysis temperature over than 600℃. In oyster shells pyrolyzed over 600℃, the pH of the pore water increased by 0.1 ~ 0.5, due the hydrolysis of CaO formed by the pyrolysis of CaCO3. The PO4-P of the overlying and pore water in P600 and P800 were 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/L lower than those of the control. The increased pH and elution of Ca2+ from oyster shells should suppress the upwelling of PO4-P from the sediment. Based on the above results, it was confirmed that the pyrolysis temperature of oyster shells influenced NH3-N and PO4-P concentrations in the sediment; however, the particle size of oyster shells had little effect. The results of this study can be used as a foundation for research on the use of pyrolyzed oyster shells to improve low-contamination coastal benthic environments.