• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2004

The wienner sausage(natural casing, N), wienner sausage(collagen casing, C), frankfurter sausage(F) and can products[spam(S), luncheon meat(L), jangjorim(J)] were obtained from different Korean meat processing companies and investigated for their salinity, saccharinity, pH, moisture and fat content, meat color and sensory evaluation. In sausage products, the saccharinity percent ranged 4.9∼5.0 in N, 6.6∼8.0 in C, and 5.2∼6.5 in F. The salinity percent of C and F were slightly higher than that of N. The pH values of all sausage product were above 6.0. The L＊ values of N were ranged 49.8∼56.7, which were slightly lower than those of C and R The sausage with high content of crude fat and high L＊value earned the highest score in overall acceptability. In can products, saccharinity percentage was higher in J compared to the S and L. The salinity percentage of S was slightly higher than those of Land J. In meat color, L＊ and a＊ values were not different between S and L, although b＊ value of L was slightly higher than that of S and J. There were not significantly different among can products, however, the product containing low-salt had the highest score in overall acceptability.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

In order to form a uniform oxidation layer of spinel phase on Kovar which helps the strong bonding in Kovar-to-glass sealing, the humidified $N_2/H_2$ was used as an oxidation atmosphere. The oxidation of Kovar was controlled by diffusion mechanism and the activation energy was 31.61 kacl/mol at 500~$800^{\circ}C$. After oxidation at $600^{\circ}C$, the external oxidation layer was below 0.5 $\mu \textrm{m}$ thick. According to TEM analysis, oxidized Kovar was spinel its lattice parameter of 7.9 $\AA$. Oxidation of under $600^{\circ}C$ and in a humidified $N_2/H_2$ atmosphere, Kovar was found to be appropriate for the Kovar-to-glass sealing.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1037-1042
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• 1995

The reaction of acetophenone 1-ureidoethylidenehydrazones 6 with a mixture of triphenylphosphine, carbon tetrachloride, and triethylamine in dichloromethane provides a general route to 1-(1-phenylethenyl)-5-(N-substituted amino)-1,2,4-triazoles 11 via the electrocyclization of the expected azino carbodiimide intermediates 9 to give the resonance stabilized azomethine imine 10a followed by a proton abstraction from the methyl group by amide anion. However, the same reaction of benzaldehyde 1-ureidoethylidenehydrazones 5 was unsuccessful. Under the same conditions, the reactions of benzaldehyde 1-N-acylureidoethylidenehydrazones 7 or acetophenone 1-N-acylureidoethylidenehydrazones 8 afforded 4H-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c][1,3,5]oxadiazines 16 or 17 via the zwitterionic species 15, or a [4+2] intramolecular cycloaddition from the carbodiimide intermediates 14, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1196-1204
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• 1999

We have carried out copper MOCVD(metalorganic chemical vapor deposition) onto the reactive sputtered PVD-TiN and rapid thermal converted RTP-TiN substrates using direct liquid injection for effective delivery of the (hfac)Cu(vtmos) [$C_{10}H_{13}O_{5}CuF_{6}$Si: 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4- pentadionato (vinyltrimethoxysilane) copper (I)] precursor. Especially, the influences of deposition conditions and the substrate type on growth rate, crystal structure, microstructure, and electrical resistivity of copper deposits have been discussed. It is found that the film growth with 0.2ccm precursor flow rate become mass-transfer controlled up to Ar flow rate of 200sccm and pick-up rate controlled at a vaporizer above 1.0Torr reactor pressure. The surface-reaction controlled region from 155 to 225$^{\circ}C$ at 0.6Torr reactor pressure results in the apparent activation energies of 12.7~14.1kcal/mol, and above 224$^{\circ}C$ the growth rate with $H_2$ addition could be improved compared to the pure Ar carrier. The Cu/RTP-TiN structures which have high copper nucleation density in initial stage of growth show more pronounced (111) preferred orientations and lower electrical resistivities than those on PVD-TiN. The variation of electrical resistivity with substrate temperature reflects the three types of film microstructure changes, showing the lowest value for the deposit at 165$^{\circ}C$ with small grains of good contacts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.660-666
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• 2018

In order to understand the characteristics of soil according to the cultivation environment of Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum A.), soil chemical properties of 12 collected soil samples from 6 cultivated fields in Okcheon, Chungbuk province in August. 2017 were analyzed. The soil pH was distributed within the range of 4.61 to 5.25 at all cultivation years and E.C (Electric Conductivity) and T-N (Total Nitrogen) of the cultivation year were not significant. Available $P_2O_5$ was higher than the average for medicinal crops and P. grandiflorum in Korea and C.E.C (Cation Exchange Capacity) was inconsistent for each cultivation year. In particularly, it was validated that the content of exchangeable cations K, Ca, Ma, and Na in this experiment was similar to that of C.E.C according to the cultivation years, because C.E.C had a high correlation with the exchangeable cations. For the available $P_2O_5$, as affected by trans-planting, 5Y-NT-H (cultivated 5 years and non-transplanted) had 58 mg/kg, while 5Y-T-H (cultivated 5 years and transplanted) had 246 mg/kg. The soil pH was found to be lower (acidic) in diseased soils than healthy soils. E.C was confirmed to be was higher in diseased soils than healthy soils except for the one cultivated for 2 years. The contents of T-N and available $P_2O_5$ were higher in diseased soil except for the one cultivated for 5 years and 11 years. The exchangeable cation K and Na tended to be higher in diseased soils rather than that in healthy soils, and the exchangeable cation Ca and Mg contents were higher in healthy soils than in diseased soils. The C.E.C of the soil was lower than that of healthy soils in all of the years except for the one which was cultivated for 5 years (transplanted).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2013

Among the 16 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV), only the H5 and H7 subtypes have caused highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry. However, most H5 or H7 subtype viruses are categorized as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). Some AIVs, including the H5 and H7 HPAI viruses, have shown the ability to infect humans directly. In this study, we describe the biological and molecular characterization of an H5N3 AIV (SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06) isolated from spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha) in Korea. A phylogenetic analysis of the eight viral genes showed that the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate belongs to the Eurasian lineage and that the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate was clearly different from HPAI H5N1 strains, including human isolates and the Italian HPAI H5N2 strains. Additionally, no relationship was found between SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 and the Korean HPAI H5N1 isolates. The SBD/KR/ KNU SYG06/06 isolate had avian specific receptor binding site residues in the HA protein and the four C-terminal amino acids in the NS1 protein. The HA protein of the SBD/KR/KNU SYG06/06 isolate exhibited the typical LPAI motif at the cleavage site and this virus produced no cytopathic effects in MDCK cells without trypsin. Given these results, we suggest that the H5N3 AIV isolated from the spot-billed duck should be considered an LPAI virus and should have no pathogenic effect in humans.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.990-996
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• 1994

New ferrocene-based chelate amines, $Fe[C_5H_4CH(Me)NMe_2]_2\;(3), \;Fe[C_5H-3(CH(Me)NMe_2)(PPh_2)-1,2]_2\;(4),\;(C_5H_5)Fe(C_5H_3(CH_2NMe_2)(CH(CN)NMe_2-1,2)\;(6),\;and\;(C_5H_5)Fe(C_5H_3(CH_2NMe_2)(CH(Me)NMe_2-1,2)$ (7) have been prepared. The reaction and the coordination chemistry of 4 and other related compounds (S,R)-(1-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene (CPFA) and 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (BPPF) with $Rh_2(OAc)_4(MeOH)_2$ were investigated. The reaction of the chiral ligand (S,R)-CPFA forms a complex of the type (${\eta}^1$-(S,R)-CPFA-P)$_2Rh_2(OAc)_4$ (8) in which the ligand is coordinated to both rhodium centers in a monodentate fashion through phosphorus. In contrast, the bisphosphine analogues such as BPPF and 4 afford chelate complexes of the type (${\eta}^2-PP)Rh_2(OAc)_4$ (9 & 10) where both ligands act as a chelate bidentate to a single rhodium atom. All these complexes were characterized by microanalytical and spectroscopic techniques. In one case, the structure of 8 was determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are monoclinic, space group C2 (No. 5), with a=26.389 (3), b=12.942 (1), c=11.825 (1) A, ${\beta}$=111.22(1)$^{\circ}$, V=3964.7 (8) $A^3$, Z=4, and $D_{calc}$=1.58 g $cm^{-3}$. Two Rh(II) centers are bridged by four $AcO^-$ groups in the ${\eta}^1$ : ${\eta}^1$ mode across a Rh-Rh single bond, and octahedral coordination at Rh(1) and Rh(1') is completed by axially coordinating (S,R)-CPFA and a briding $AcO^-$, respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 1991

The dehydrocyclization of n-heptane was studied over $Pt-Sn/{\gamma}-Al/_2O_3$ catalysts with varying Sn content in a fixed bed continuous flow reactor. The range of experimental conditions was at the temperature between 450 and $550^{\circ}C$, the pressure $20{\times}10^5-50{\times}10^5Pa$, the contact time 0.09 and 0.27 hr and the $H_2/H.C$. mole ratio 10. The conversion and selectivity of dehydrocyclization increased with increasing temperature, but decreased with increasing pressure. When we use Sn as a promoter, the selectivity of dehydrocyclization changesa a little, but the conversion was increased and the selectivity of isomerization increased a lot. The activation energy of dehydrocyclization of n-heptane was 34.5 kcal/mol over 0.6 wt % Pt-0.6 wt % $Sn/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.641-644
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• 1995

We have studied the effect of the nitrogen on the microstructure, thermomagnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Fe-Hf-C-N nanocrystalline thin films with high permeability and high saturation magnetization. These films were fabricated by reactive sputtering in $Ar+N_{2}$ plasma using an rf magnetron sputtering apparatus. As $P_{N2}$ increases, the microstructure changes from amorphous to crystalline $\alpha$-Fe phase and again returns to amorphous one. Spin wave stiffness constant increases with $P_{N2}$ until 5% $P_{N2}$, and then decreases with the further increase. This trend corresponds well with that of the microstructure with increasing $P_{N2}$. The Fe-Hf-C-N films with over 3% $P_{N2}$ show higher corrosion resistance than the N-free Fe-Hf-C films. The Fe-Hf-C-N films are considered to have high potentials for the head core materials suitable for high density recording systems, owing to their excellent soft magnetic properties and corrosion resistance.