• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.10-22
• /
• 1983

The interactions of ${\alpha}-cyclodextrin({\alpha}-CyD)$ and ${\beta}-cyclodextrin({\beta}-CyD)$ with several non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs were studied on the effects of ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-CyD$ on the solubility of the drugs in aqueous medium. Indoprofen, niflumic acid, alclofenac, and naproxen were chosen as representatives of antiinflammatory drugs. The solubility of all drugs studied increased with the addition of ${\beta}-CyD$, while not with glucose or ${\alpha}-CyD$. The increase of the solubility with ${\beta}-CyD$ was considered due mainly to the formation of inclusion complexes between ${\beta}-CyD$ and drugs. From the solubility data, the apparent stability constants K of the complex could be calculated. Ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism confirmed the inclusion of indoprofen, niflumic acid and naproxen with ${\beta}-CyD$ in the molar ratio of 1 : 1. Inclusion complexes in solid powder form were obtained by the freeze-drying method and the inclusion formation was confirmed again by infrared, diffential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.1005-1012
• /
• 2005

식물 내생균 Bacillus sp. CY22는 식물병원균 Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum 및 Phythium ultimum에 대해 강한 항균력을 나타내었다. 일반적으로 많은 Bacillus속 균주들은 iturin, fengycin, mycosubtulin과 같은 항균 물질을 분비한다. 본 연구에서는 식물내생균 Bacillus sp. CY22의 배양액으로부터 항균물질을 분리, 정제하였으며 MALDI-TOF mass로 분자량을 확인하였다. MALDI-TOF mass spectrum분석 결과 분리된 항균물질은 Bacillus 속 균주가 생성하는 항균물질로서 잘 알려져 있는 iturin의 분자량과 거의 일치하였으며, m/z 1043.4, 1057.4, 1071.4에서 molecular ion peak를 나타내었다. 이들은 각각 m/z 14차이를 가진 iturin의 isoform으로 추정되며 이 것은 iturin을 구성하고 있는 지방산의 탄소수 차이로 생각되며 m/z 1065.4, 1079.4 peak는 sodium adduct로서 추정된다. 또한 항균물질 iturin을 생성하는데 관여하는 transacylase 유전자를 크로닝하여 ita22 유전자로 명명하고, 그 특성으로 ita22 유전자는 400 개의 아미노산을 인지하는 1,200 bp의 open reading frame (ORF)을 가지며, 아미노산의 상동성을 조사한 결과 Bacillus subtilis 168의 FenF (BAB69697)와 가장 유사하였다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of the functions of GMFM and ICF-CY on the activities and participation of ICF-CY sub-items. Design: Cross-sectional study. Method: This study compared and analyzed 95 children with cerebral palsy [type of CP: spasticity 86 (90.5%), hypotonia 4 (4.2%), mixed 5 (5.3%); type of palsy: quadriplegia 13 (13.7%), diplegia 71 (74.7%), hemiplegia 11 (11.6%)] using sub-items of functions, activities and participation from GMFM and ICF-CY. Result: The results show that the activities and participation of ICF-CY (9 sub-items) have significant effect on the functions of GMFM and ICF-CY (8 sub-items) (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is intended to provide data to establish practical therapeutic goals and interventions for functions, activities and participation, which are sub-categories of ICF-CY in cerebral palsy.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.203-208
• /
• 1998

We investigated the effects of dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and fructose (C-source) on cell growth and biosynthesis of cyclosporin A (CyA) produced as a secondary metabolite by a wild-type filamentous fungus, Tolypocladium inflatum. This was performed by controlling the level of D.O. and the residual C-source, as required, through adjustment of medium flow rate, medium concentration and agitation rate in fed-batch cultures. CyA production was furned out to be maximal, when D.O. level was controlled around 10% saturated D.O. and concentration of the C-source was maintained sufficiently low (below 2 g/L) not to cause carbon catabolite repression. Under this culture condition, we obtained the highest values of CyA concentration (507.14 mg/L), Qp (2.11 mg CyA/L/hr), $Y_x/s$ (0.49 g DCW/g fructose), $Y_p/s$<(22.56 mg CyA/g fructose), and YTEX>$_p/x$ (48.31 mg CyA/g DCW), but relatively lower values of cell concentration (11.98 g DCW/L) and cell productivity (0.043 g DCW/L/hr), in comparison with other parallel fed-batch fermentation conditions. These results implied that, in the carbon-limited culture with 10% saturated D.O. level, the producer microorganism utilized the C-source more efficiently for secondary metabolism.

• 재활복지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.195-212
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 뇌성마비, 다운증후군, 일반 아동의 ICF-CY (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Version for Children and Youth)의 기능, 활동과 참여, 삶의 질을 측정하여 세 집단 간의 차이를 비교 분석하고자 실시하였다. 4~12세의 뇌성마비, 다운증후군 아동, 일반 아동을 대상으로 ICF-CY 체크리스트, 삶의 질 설문지를 통해 아동의 ICF-CY와 삶의 질을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 뇌성마비 아동, 다운증후군 아동, 일반 아동 세 그룹 간에 ICF-CY 기능은 비뇨생식기와 생식기능 항목을 제외하고 모든 부분에서 유의한 차이가 나타났고(p<.05), ICF-CY 활동과 참여에서는 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며(p<.05), 사후 분석에서 이동 항목을 제외하고, 일반 아동, 뇌성마비 아동, 다운 증후군 아동 순으로 높은 활동과 참여를 보였다. 삶의 질은 괴롭힘 항목을 제외하고 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 뇌성마비 아동, 다운증후군 아동은 일반 아동 보다 낮은 삶의 질을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 활동과 참여 및 삶의 질은 세 그룹 간의 유의한 차이가 있었고, 일반 아동, 뇌성마비 아동, 다운증후군 아동 순으로 기능, 활동과 참여 및 삶의 질이 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 1987

The use of alkylating agent cyclophosphamide(CY), a widely used antitumor drug is well known as a potent immunosuppressant and has been used as a probe for investigating the functional capabilities of lymphocyte subsets of both T and B cells that play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. The present study was undertaken in an effort to assess the effects of CY on immunological memory in murine model. CY, given as a single dose of CY(250mg/kg) before sensitization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC) enhanced the primary response of Arthus and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), as measured by footpad swelling reaction, but suppressed their tertiary DTH response. The similar CY pretreatment enhanced both the primary and tertiary hemagglutinin(HA) responses to SRBC, and the tertiary antibody response against polyvinylpyrroridone(PVP), a thymus-independent antigen but not the primary response against PVP. CY, given as a single dose of 250mg/kg 2 days before the primary immunization and two doses of 100mg/kg 2 days before the secondary and tertiary immunization, markedly suppressed the tertiary DTH and HA responses to SRBC. However, CY, given as small multiple daily doses(10mg/kg) over 4 days before sensitization but not after sensitization, enhanced the secondary HA response to SRBC. Contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) was suppressed by the drug, given either as a single large dose(300mg/kg) or as multiple dose(10mg/kg) administered 2 days before, together with or after DNFB sensitization. This suppression was more pronounced and more significant when CY was given as multiple dose. However, the enhancement of the secondary contact sensitivity to DNFB by CY was not clear-cut. The splenectomy appears to increase the enhancing effect of CY on contact sensitivity. These results suggest that CY selectively influences the immune response depending on the time of the drug administration relative to immunization and that the secondary or tertiary immune response involve memory cells with different susceptibilities to CY. Moreover, these results suggest that multiple low doses may sesectivley inhibit suppressor T cell proliferation involving DTH, HA or contact sensitivity without effecting helper T cells, but high doses presumably inhibit helper T cells and suppressor T cells with effecting B cells.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 1971

Genetic analysis of a new wing mutant, Surf wings (Srf), was performed. Mutant flies were extracted from a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster at the vicinity of Atomic Energy Research Institute, Seoul in August-September 1969. 1. The distal half of wings of heterozygotes (Srf/+) turned upwards about 40 degree from body axis, but flying ability was not disturbed. They overlap Cy in low frequency when they are grown below $22^{\circ}C$. This resembles with Si or j series, but wing margins are not rolled and diversed. Postscutellars are erected slightly, but they, in general, are not crossed. Any other external pleiotropic effects were not observed. 2. Penetrance and expressivity of both sexes are not complete. Their extents are variable with sex and temperature. These characters show maximum tendencies when the development is made at $22^{\circ}C$ (female: P = 0.996, E = 0.932, male:P = 0.961, E = 0.698). 3. The preliminary locus of Srf was determined to be 66.8 on the right arm of second chromosome by using recessive maker gene cn bw. 4. The homozygous flies(Srf/Srf) have shown perfect lethality. The heterozygotes (Srf/+), on the other hand, have shown to be viable and fertile. Srf chromosomes are kept in a balanced lethal system with Pm chromosomes which are associated with inversions. Hence, it is partially reasonable to suppose that Srf may persist in a natural population by the same mechanism. 5. Allelism test with Cy was also conducted. The fact that combination with Cy in the trans-phase (+ Srf/Cy +) is viable in contrast to the lethality of Srf/Srf and Pm/Pm indicates that Srf and Cy are not functionally allelic.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.859-865
• /
• 2003

Surfactin is a mixture of cyclic lipopeptides built from variants of a heptapeptide and a ${\beta}-hydroxy$ fatty acid produced by several strains of Bacillus sp. Surfactin isoforms produced by endophytic Bacillus sp. CY22 from a balloon flower were isolated and characterized. It was found that the purified surfactin had three isoforms with protonated masses of m/z 1,008, 1,022, and 1,036, and different structures in combination with Na, K, Ca ions using MALDI-TOF MS, ESI-MS/MS, and ICP MS, respectively. In the MS/MS analysis, the isolated surfactin had the identical amino acid sequence (LLVDLL) and hydroxy fatty acids (with 13 to 15 carbons in length), even though isolated from different Bacillus strains. The sfp22 gene, required for producing the surfactin, consisted of an open reading frame (ORF) of 675 bp encoding 224 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence of sfp22 was very similar to that of Ipa-8.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 1989

Complex formation of water-soluble polyparacyclophanes bearing two diphenylmethane or two diphenyl ether skeletons with l-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) and 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) was investigated quantitatively to develop useful host compounds comparing with ${\alpha}\;-\;and\;{\beta}-cyc1odextrins$$({\alpha}-\;and\;{\beta}-CyDs$) in aqueous solution. Benesi-Hildebrand type analysis of the fluorescent intensity showed that the dissociation constants (Kd) of paracyclophane-ANS complexes were $1.55\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$ for 1,6,20,25-tetraaza[6.1.6.1]paracyclophane(CPM 44) and $1.23\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$ for 1,7,21,27-tetraaza[7.1.7.1]paracyclophane (CPM 55), and those of paracyclophane-TNS complexes were $6.99\;{\times}\;10^{-6}M$ for CPM 44 and $6.23\;{\times}\;10^{-5}M$ for CPM 55, in 1:1 molar ratio. On the other hand, the Kd values of 1,7,21,27-tetraaza-14,34-dioxa[7.1.7.1]paracyclophane (CPE 55)-ANS, 1,8,22,29-tetraaza-15,36-dioxa[8.1.8.1]paracyclophane (CPE 66)-ANS, CPE 55-TNS, CPE 66-TNS complexes were $1.75\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$, $3.07\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$, $3.75\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$ and $2.15\;{\times}\;10^{-3}M$, respectively. On the contrary, the Kd values of ${\alpha}-CyD-ANS$, ${\beta}-CyD-ANS$, ${\alpha}-CyD-TNS$ and ${\beta}-CyD-TNS$ complexes were found to be $3.98\;{\times}\;10^{-2}M$, $1.05\;{\times}\;10^{-2}M$, $1.38\;{\times}\;10^{-2}M$ and $3.52\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$, respectively. These results mean that the complexation of CPMs with ANS or TNS is by 5.6-1,975 fold stronger than that for ${\alpha}-or\;{\beta}-CyDs$, and the complex formation of CPEs with ANS or TNS is nearly same as or somewhat stronger than that for ${\alpha}-or\;{\beta}-CyDs$. From the Kd values determined at different temperatures, thermodynamic parameters were calculated and the complexation was found to be a spontaneous exothermic reaction. The effects of pH on Kd values of CPM 44-ANS, and CPM 55-ANS complexes were negligible in the range of pH 1.2-1.8. However, the Kd values of these complexes increased significantly with increasing ionic strength.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1992

This study was aimed to control the release characteristics of ketoprofen by microencapsulating $ketoprofen-{\beta}-cyclodextrin\;(KF-{\beta}-CyD)$ solid dispersion with Eudragit RS by the phase separation method using a nonaqueous vehicle. KF alone was also microencapsulated with Eudragit RS by the evaporation process in water phase. The results obtained showed that it was not possible to microencapsulate KF alone by phase separation in a chloroform-cyclohexane system while it was easy to microencapsulate $(KF-{\beta}-CyD)$ solid dispersion system. For the microcapsules, the release test was performed in the first fluid (pH 1.2) and the second fluid (pH 6.8) of K.P.V disintegration medium at $37^{\circ}C$. The release of KF from $(KF-{\beta}-CyD)$ solid dispersion microcapsules (1:1 core wall ratio) was more sustained than that from KF microcapsules, and followed zero-order kinetics. Especially, solid dispersion microcapsules showed pH-independent release patterns with higher wall to core ratio (1:1 w/w).