• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.210-217
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to develop a physical activity program for problem drinkers living in side rooms(Jjok-bang) based on the health belief model. In order to develop a physical activity program suitable for and applicable to the characteristics of the problem drinkers, the detailed components of the health belief model and the learning goals for each program were linked. It consists of a total of 10 activities, and in the introductory stage of each program, physical examination and gymnastics were conducted, and in the development stage, 10 physical activities were conducted to help the movement of large and small muscles and concentration. In the final stage of organizing, it consisted of time to express one's emotions through writing and painting and to reflect. The developed program was commissioned by an expert to derive the content validity coefficient (CVI=.75). Through the physical activity program developed in this study, it is believed that the problem drinking behavior of problem drinkers living in side rooms can be gradually reduced. The physical activity program developed in this study is expected to gradually reduce the problems of problem drinkers living in Jjock-bang. In the next step, we propose a study that quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the intervention effect by applying this program to clients.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.31-54
• /
• 2005

1. Objectives This paper was written in order to understand the function of acupoints as Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods Through the concept of ${\ulcorner}$Seung-Gang-Wan-Sok(升降緩束)${\lrcorner}$, we could find out the function of some acupoints as Sasang Constitution. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) Some acupoints could be classified into four groups. These four groups are corresponded with four Sasang Constitutional groups 2) This four groups are supported by the concept of ${\ulcorner}$Seung-Gang-Wan-Sok(升降緩束)${\lrcorner}$. 3) The first group is for Soeumin(少陰人). The acupoints are 'Sangwan(上脘, CV13)', 'Chungwan(中脘, CV12)', 'Hwangsu(?兪, K16)', 'chonchu(天樞, S25)' and 'Wisu(胃兪, B21)'. These acupoints all have Seung(升: elevating Gi(氣))-function in their Oriental medical effects 4) The second group is for Soyangin( 少陽人). The acupoints are 'Kichung(氣衝, S30)', 'Choksamni(足三里, S36)', 'Sangohu(上巨虛, S37)', 'Hagoho(下巨虛, S39)', 'Haegye(解谿, S41) and 'hyonjong(懸鍾, G39)'. These acupoints all have Gang(降: descending Gi(氣))-function in their Oriental medical effects. 5) The third group is for Taeumin(太陰人). The acupoints are 'Oje(魚際, L10)', ' Taeyon(太淵, L9)', 'Taedo(大都, Sp2)', 'Taebeak(太白, Sp3)' and 'Nohoe(?會, TE13)‘. These acupoints all have Wan(緩: efferenting Gi(氣))-function in their Oriental medical effects. 6) The fourth group is for Taeyangin(太陽人). The acupoints are 'Kwanwon(關元, CV4)', 'Hawan(下脘, CVlO)’ and ‘Chungjong(中庭, CVI6)’. These acupoints all have Sok(束: afferenting Gi(氣))-function in their Oriental medical effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 1984

The influences of acute respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbances on the carotid, renal and coronary blood flow were measured in dogs. Respiratory acidosis was induced by artificial respiration with 8% CO2 -02 gas mixture and respiratory alkalosis was induced by hyperventilation under the control of respirator. Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis were induced by intravenous infusion of 0.3N hydrochloric acid and 0.6M sodium bicarbonate solution. To observe the effect of hyperkalemia, isotonic potassium chloride solution was infused. CVI electromagnetic flowmeter probes were placed on the left common carotid artery, left renal artery and left circumflex coronary artery. Each flow was recorded on polygraph. 1. The carotid blood flow showed rapid showed rapid and marked increase in acute respiratory acidosis. Even in the cases when arterial blood pressure was lowered during the state of respiratory acidosis, carotid blood flow increased. By the infusion of hydrochloric acid, carotid blood flow increased slowly and returned to the previous label after discontinuation of the infusion. Carotid blood flow also increased by the infusion of large amount of sodium bicarbonate, but it might be the combined effect of expansion of extracellular fluid and compensatory elevation of carbon dioxide tension. 2.The renal blood flow remained unchanged during the acute acid-base disturbances, suggesting effective autoregulation. Renal blood flow, however, increased very slowly when the infusion of potassium chloride continued for a long period. 3.Although less marked than the carotid blood flow, the coronary blood flow increased in the acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis. In asphyxiated condition, coronary blood flow increased most markedly and this might be the combined effect of hypoxia, hypercapnea, and lowering of pH. In summary, the carotid blowflow showed more marked change in the acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis than the renal and coronary blood flow. Respiratory and metabolic components of acid-base disturbances may influence the local blood flow concomitantly, there being more differences in the individual responses, but respiratory component manifested more rapid and marked effect than metabolic component.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.320-330
• /
• 2000

It is desirable to perform nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to assess material properties and part homogeneity because the manufacturing of carbon/carbon brake disks requires complicated and costly processes. In this work several ultrasonic techniques were applied to carbon/carbon brake disks (322mm ad, 135mm id) for the evaluation of spatial variations in material properties that are attributable to the manufacturing process. In a large carbon/carbon disk manufactured by chemical vapor infiltration (CYI) method, the spatial variation of ultrasonic velocity was measured and found to be consistent with the densification behavior in CYI process. Low frequency (e.g., 1-5MHz) through-transmission scans based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse were used for mapping out the material property inhomogeneity. Images based on both the amplitude and the time-of-flight of the transmitted ultrasonic pulse showed significant variation in the radial direction. The radial variations in ultrasonic velocity and attenuation were attributed to a density variation caused by the more efficient densification of pitch impregnation near the id and od and by the less efficient densification away from the exposed edged of the disk. Ultrasonic velocities in the edges of the disk. Ultrasonic velocities in the thickness direction were also measured as a function of location using dry-coupling transducers ; the results were consistent with the densification behavior. However, velocities in the in-plane directions (circumferential and radial) seemed to be affected more by the relative contents of fabric and chopped fiber, and less by the void content.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.917-929
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of the preliminary critical pathway of integrative medicine to improve the quality of life of lung cancer patients who received chemotherapy. Methods: The vertical axis of the preliminary critical pathway of integrated medicine consisted of nine domains: assessment, treatment, activity, consult, diet, medication, Korean medical examination, education, and others. The frame of the horizontal axis was the date from hospitalization to discharge. A total of 105 items in this preliminary critical pathway were validated by an expert group from October 28, 2016 to November 4, 2016. A total of ten experts from two different medical institutions participated in the validity test, using the four-point Content Validity Index (CVI) scale. The items with validity of greater than 80% were considered as significant. Results: The analysis of the content validity of 105 items showed 102 items with greater than 80% agreement. Assessment, treatment, consult, diet, medication, and education showed 100% agreement. Only three items showed a low validity (62.5%). Based on additional comments, the preliminary critical pathway of integrative medicine has been supplemented. Conclusions: This study suggests the possibility of using the integrated medical critical pathway for patients with lung cancer who received chemotherapy.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.123-138
• /
• 2013

Keyword advertising has been used as a promotion tool rather than the advertising itself to online retailers. This is because the online retailer expects the direct sales increase when they deploy the keyword sponsorship. In practice, many online sellers rely on keyword advertising to promote their sales in short term with limited budget. Most of the previous researches use direct revenue factors as dependent variables such as CTR (click through rate) and CVI (conversion per impression) in their researches on the keyword advertising[14, 16, 22, 25, 31, 32]. Previous studies were, however, conducted in the context of aggregate-level due to the limitations on the data availability. These researches cannot evaluate the performance of keyword advertising in the individual level. To overcome these limitations, our research focuses on conversion of keyword advertising in individual-level. Also, we consider manageable factors as independent variables in terms of online retailers (the costs of keyword by implementation methods and meanings of keyword). In our study we developed the keyword advertising conversion model in the individual-level. With our model, we can make some theoretical findings and managerial implications. Practically, in the case of a fixed cost plan, an increase of the number of clicks is revealed as an effective way. However, higher average CPC is not significantly effective in increasing probability of purchase conversion. When this type (fixed cost plan) of implementation could not generate a lot of clicks, it cannot significantly increase the probability of purchase choice. Theoretically, we consider the promotional attributes which influence consumer purchase behavior and conduct individuals-level research based on the actual data. Limitations and future direction of the study are discussed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.148-162
• /
• 2004

The monitoring activities at the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) in Korea have been extended to include all the coastal waters of Korea after the outbreak of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in 1995. We used several alternative methods including climatological analysis, spectral and optical methods which may offer potential detection of the major species of red tide in Korean waters. In the climatological analysis, NOAA, SeaWiFS, OCM satellite data was chosen using the known C. polykrikoides red tide bloom data and the area was mapped by helicopter reconnaissance and ground observation. The relationship between the distribution of sea surface temperature to C. polykrikoides bloom areas was studied. The anomalies of SeaWiFS chlorophyll a imageries against the imageries of non-occurring red tide for August, 2001 showed where the C. polykrikoides occurred. The anomalies of chlorophyll a concentrations from the satellite data during red tide outbreaks showed a similar distribution of C. polykrikoides in the red tide in August, 2001. The distribution between differences in sea surface temperatures during the day and at night also showed a possibility for red tide detection. We used a corrected vegetation index (CVI) to detect floating vegetation and submerged vegetation containing algal blooms. The results of from the optical absorption of C. polykrikoides in the ultraviolet band (340 nm) showed that if we use the optical characteristics from each red tide, we will be able to establish the feasibility of red tide detection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.107-127
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in abdominal surgery patient. The target subjects of the tool were adult patients having abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. Process-outcome framework was selected for the development of the tool in this study. The results were as follows. 1. Nine standards. 40 criteria and 88 indicators were developed. A standard was summary statement of the ideal level of excellencein a dimension of quality of nursing care. which could be evaluated by criteria. Several criteria indicated a specific standard and each criterion could be measured by observable and measurable indicators. 2. The standards were divided into two dimensions. One was process dimension which contained four standards(23 criteria), the other was outcome dimension which contatined five standards(17 criteria). 3. Average CVI was .985 at 9 standards. .947 at 40 criteria. and .987 at 88 indicators. 4. The evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in abdminal surgery patients was a criterion-referenced tool. And data collection methods of the tool were investigation of patient's record and interview( or questionnaire) with the patients. 5. Interrater reliabilities of the tool were ; r= .7572 (agreement between two raters), and pI=.8487 (intraclass correlation between five raters who rated the 84 patients). 6. Internal consistency reliability ${\alpha}$ was .6194, which was obtained from 32 criteria. Eight criteria were missed in the analyzing process because of data omission. 7. Scores of the process and the outcome dimensions showed significant. but low correlation(r= .3759, p < .001). 8. There were significant differences in total scores between the hospitals and the departments of surgery(F = 15.233. p .0001). There was also significant interaction effect between hospitals and departments to total score(F = 8.396. p = .0001). Construct validity of the toool was verified by the known-group method. these kinds of difference were expected by the nursing experts participated in the study. From these results, more specific patient classification is suggested for the development of evaluation tool of the quallity of nursing care. And indicators to be used for objective measurement for the quality of nursing care must be developed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.588-600
• /
• 1997

Postpartum depression is one of the most serious problems in maternal health because it affects not only the mother but also her family. Postpartum depression disturbs the maternal-infant interaction and attachment. However, most postpartum depression patients ignore this problem and do not seek treatment. Many clinicians and researchers realiza there is a need to develop a postpartum depression scale. Thus, this study has been designed to development of a postpartum depression scale. Data were collected through a survey over a period of three months. Subjects who participated in the study were 167 Korean mothers in their postpartum period. The author used a convenience sampling method. The analysis of the data was done with SPSS PC/sup ＋/ for descriptive statistics, item analysis and factor analysis. Initially 62 items were generated from the interview data of eight postpartum depression patients and from a literature review. This preliminary scale was analyzed for reliability and validity. The results of this analysis are as follows. 1. Initially 62 items were analyzed through the Index of Content Validity(CVI) and 48 items were selected. 2. Seven factors were extracted through the principal component analysis, and these contributed 61% of the variance in the total score. Finally 46 items in the scale loaded .41∼ .84 on one of seven factors. 3. Each factor was labeled. Factor 1 was labeled 'emotional phenomena-emotional upset' and included 13 items, factor 2 was labeled' cognitive phenomena-self concept disturbance' and included seven items, factor 3 was labeled 'relationship to baby-negative feeling' and included six items, factor 4 was labeled 'relationship to baby- overload' and included eight items, factor 5 was labeled 'negative maternal identity' and included five items, factor 6 was labeled 'biophysiological phenomena-disturbance of physical functioning' and included four items, and factor 7 was labeled' interpersonal relationship phenomena-blamed others' and included three items. 4. Cronbach Coefficient Alpha for internal consistency was .95 for the total 46 items. Finally, the author suggests that this scale could be adequately applied in assessing the postpartum depression of mothers during the postpartum period. The results of this study can contribute to designing an appropriate postpartum depression prevention strategy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.250-262
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was designed to develop, to implement and evaluate a fever management nursing protocol for adult patients. Methods: This study was conducted through seven steps following both the guideline development procedures of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and the Model of the Asan Medical Center Evidence-Based Practice, as follows: 1) identifying the clinical needs and composition of the protocol development group; 2) identifying and evaluating the evidence; 3) assessing the level of evidence and grading recommendations; 4) forming a protocol; 5) evaluating the protocol using an expert group validity test and identifying barriers to its implementation; 6) protocol development; and 7) evaluation of practical improvement measures following implementation of the protocol. Results: The evidence-based protocol for fever management in adult patients was completed and includes five domains and 15 items. The protocol had good content validity (CVI=.90) and nursing practice could be improved after implementation of the protocol. Conclusion: This nursing protocol can be used as a guide for nursing in febrile adult patients. We recommend that further guidelines be updated in an interdisciplinary manner in order to foster local adaptation of the best clinical practices.