• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2014

Purpose: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ) was developed to measure health-related quality of life of women who had polycystic ovary syndrome. The purpose of this study was to exam reliability and validity of the Korean version of PCOSQ. Methods: A sample of 101 women who had polycystic ovarian syndrome was recruited from outpatient gynecology clinics. Factor analysis was carried out to verify the composition of dimensions of the Korean version of PCOSQ. Concurrent validity was examined by assessing the correlation between the PCOSQ and health related quality of life, and convergent validity was evaluated by testing correlation between PCOSQ and depression. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: The content validitywas satisfactory (CVI=0.85). Factor analysis identified 5 factors, and factor loadings of the PCOSQ ranged from .48 to .90. Correlation was found between the PCOSQ and health related quality of life (Physical component score: r=.33, p=.001; Mental component score: r=.44, p<.001) and between the PCOSQand depression (r=-.36, p<.001). The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the PCOSQ was .93, indicating reliable reliability. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the Korean version of PCOSQ is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating Korean-speaking women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.477-487
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop the competencies of the administrator and the behavioral indicators, and with those as the foundation it is to measure the importance and the performance. Method: On the basis of literature review, the researcher made a preliminary competency and the behavioral indicator for the administrator. Developed competency and behavioral indicator went through the content validity using CVI. Finally, 20 different competencies and 87 behavioral indicators of the administrators in long-term care facility helped measuring the importance of the present administrator's competency and the performance. Results: The competencies are Achievement Orientation, Initiative, Information Seeking, Interpersonal Understanding, Customer Service Orientation, Marketing, Influence, Organizational Awareness, Relationship Building, Staff Development, Assertiveness, Teamwork and Cooperation, Leadership, Analytical Thinking, Conceptual Thinking, Managerial Expertise, Self Control, Self Confidence, Flexibility and Organizational Commitment. For the contents, 87 behavioral indicators are included. The importance and the performance were confirmed by Importance Performance Analysis. The importance of each behavioral indicator in each field and the performance were confirmed with the mean and the standard deviation. Conclusion: The competencies and behavioral indicators of an administrator which were developed by this study are considered that they can be used as the effective guides in the practical field and can also be used as basic materials for developing educational program.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of general ward nurses in hospitals using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Methods: Participants were 30 nurses working at a general ward. Input variables were labor cost and time of direct nursing. Output variables were prevention rate of medication error and bedsores, and patient satisfaction. These variables were extracted using literature review and CVI of an expert group. Data were collected from September 18 to October 7, 2017. Data were analyzed using EMS 3.1 program for DEA and descriptive statistics. Results: The average efficiency score of 30 nurses was 0.986, which was very high over all. In the super-efficiency analysis of 11 nurses, their efficiency ranged from 1.0 to 1.047. In addition, when the current output was fixed, the labor cost of nurses did not affect efficiency. Conclusion: This study attempted a new approach concerning performance evaluation of nurses using DEA. This method was useful during appraisal of nurses. We suggest that various input and output variables that were not considered in this study should be added to develop a integrative performance analysis model for nurses.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.298-314
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop science research ethics guidelines for elementary school teachers. To develop the guidelines, authors have conducted the following procedures: Development of guidelines through literature reviews; and an application of the developed guidelines to classroom sites. Authors established sections and formats of guidelines for science research ethics through literature reviews and developed contents of major sections and subsections and their explanations and descriptions. After that, authors applied the developed guidelines at elementary science classes and collected data through semi-structured interviews with science class teachers and checklists to reflect on and complement the contents of the guidelines. To secure the validity of guidelines, authors requested a validity assessment to four science education experts and one ethics education specialist. As a result, the CVI for the guidelines was found to be 0.9. Finally, authors developed the final guidelines by adding "Case Examples of Application" by adopting requests of elementary school teachers who used the provisional guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.243-251
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop an educational program for the children's guardian with cochlear implants in order to provide knowledge and information about cochlear implants. Methods: The educational program was developed based on a literature review, potentially relevant website analysis, and validation by an expert group. Two out of twenty-two educational items under four domains that had item-level content validity index (CVI) greater than 0.8 by the ten experts were finally selected and used. After the children's guardian participated in this educational activity through a specially designed booklet and DVD, the effectiveness of the program was evaluated. Results: A total of 8 children's guardian participated in the program. Their knowledge levels significantly increased after participating the program (mean $15.0{\pm}3.02$ vs. $19.0{\pm}0.93$, Z= 2.371, p=.018). Satisfaction levels with the program was high, $4.1{\pm}0.87$ out of 5. Conclusion: This newly developed educational program for the children's guardian with cochlear implants is proved to be effective and can be used in nursing practice. In addition, the participants seemed to be satisfied with the program. Furthermore, this program may also improve the effects of adult with cochlear implants.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.281-289
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to develop the Korean version of Presenteeism Scale for Students and verify its reliability and validity. Methods: This study conducted a survey with 320 undergraduate students who are attending nursing departments at three universities. The survey was conducted twice, from June 1 to August 31, 2017. Results: The Cronbach's α of K-PSS was .70 indicating high reliability. As a result of testing the content validity of K-PSS was verified by calculating the Item level-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of .87. The correlation between Medical Outcome Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score and Work Impairment Score (WIS), Work Output Score (WOS), Hours of absenteeism (HA) was analyzed to verify the concurrent validity of K-PSS. SF-36 score was correlated with WIS, WOS, HA. To test the differentiated validity of K-PSS, a total of 38 subjects were assessed by the paired t-test. As a result, only WIS score showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test. Conclusion: Since the reliability and validity of the K-PSS developed through this study have been verified, it is expected to be used in various studies related to the presenteeism of students.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.629-640
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the scale to measure dementia patient's caregiver burden of Korea. In the first phase of the study, 15 caregivers of dementia patients were interviewed to provide narrative data from which items were developed. Initially 65 items were generated from the interview data of 15 caregivers. Content validity was judged by two separate panels of experts with 27 professionals and 30 family caregivers. These items were analyzed through the Index of Content Validity and 33 items were selected which met .80 or more of the CVI. This preliminary FCBSD-K was tested with 207 adult caregivers for reliability and construct validity including item analysis and orthogonal(Varimax) factor analysis. Eight items were deleted because of high or low item-item correlation. The result of the second factor analysis produced six factors that coincided with the conceptual framework posed for the scale developed. The six factors were labeled as 'physio social factor' 'emotional factor' 'family cultural factor' 'role obligation' 'guilt feeling' and 'financial & supportive system factor'. The alpha coefficient relating to internal consistency was .9264 for reliability. In conclusion, cultural factor is related to dementia patient's caregiver burden and FCBSD-K was useful in assessing the dementia patient's caregiver burden in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.401-413
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to develop Nursing Service Quality Indicators(NSQIs) in nursing homes that would lead to an appropriate evaluation and improvement of nursing service quality. Methods: The preliminary NSQIs were developed through literature reviews and analysis of existing quality indicators. A content validity testing was done twice by using a panel of experts who were from academia and the clinical areas. The final NSQIs were confirmed and applied in three nursing homes to test feasibility. Results: The preliminary NSQIs had 4 domains and 31 indicators. Two content validity testings were performed. The indicators scoring over.80 CVI for each testing were selected and modified by experts' opinions. The final NSQIs consisted of 7 domains and 33 indicators. They were applied in three nursing homes and it was revealed that all the indicators were applicable. Conclusion: In this study, it is shown that this new 'Nursing Service Quality Indicators in Nursing Homes' is suitable for a holistic evaluation of nursing service quality of elderly patients in nursing homes. This NSQIs will be able to provide a basis for establishing nursing care standards and improving the nursing care quality in nursing homes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Combustion and fuel distribution characteristics of heavy duty engine with the liquid phase LPG injection(LPLI) were studied in a single cylinder engine, Swirl ratio were varied between 1.2, 2.3, and 3.4 following Ricardo swirl number(Rs) definition, Rs=2.3 showed the best results with lower cycle-by-cycle variation and shorter burning duration in the lean region while strong swirl(Rs=3.4) made these worse for combustion enhancement. Excessive swirl resulted in reverse effects due to high heat transfer and initial flame kernel quenching. Fuel injection timings were categorized with open valve injection(OVI) and closed valve injection(CVI). Open valve injection showed shorter combustion duration and extended lean limit. The formation of rich mixture in the spark plug vicinity was achieved by open valve injection. With higher swirl strength(Rs=3.4) and open valve injection, the cloud of fuel followed the flow direction and the radial air/fuel mixing was limited by strong swirl flow. It was expected that axial stratification was maintained with open-valve injection if the radial component of the swirling motion was stronger than the axial components. The axial fuel stratification and concentration were sensitive to fuel injection timing in case of Rs=3.4 while those were relatively independent of the injection timing in case of Rs=2.3.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.6 s.107
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• pp.515-520
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• 2004

A device far estimating the optimal artificial insemination time consisted of a computer, RS module, and six direct-reflex photo-sensors. Program was written in LabWindows CVI. In order to establish references for estimating optimal artificial insemination time, lying rate of the thirty three $Berkshire{\times}Hampshire crossbred sows (parity 5 to 6) was recorded from 2 days after moving into stalls to artificial insemination using a time lapse VCR and was measured every hour with one minute interval using the scan point sampling method. Twenty low hours in a day were divided into three comparing periods : 21:00 to 06:59, 07:00 to 13:59, and 14:00 to 20:59. If sum of the percentages of tying during a comparing period was less than the reference value, the starting hour of the comparing period was considered as onset of estrus and the optimal artificial insemination time was estimated at 20 to 24 hours after onset of estrus. The experimental device was evaluated with twenty five $Berkshire{\times}Hampshire$ crossbred sows (parity 2 to 7) and 23 of 25 sows $(92\%)$ were pregnant. This result suggests that the experimental device is excellent in performance for estimating optimal artificial insemination time.