• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.156-159
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• 2000

The cttl+ gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe encoeds a catalse responsible for H2O2-resistance of this organism as judged by the H2O2-sensitive phenotype of the ctt1Δ mutant. In this study, we investigated the subcellular localization of the Ctt1 gene product. In wild type cells catalase activity was detected in the organelle fraction as well as in the cytosol. The ctt1Δ mutant contained no catalase activity, indicating that both cytosolic and organellar catalases are the products of a single ctt1+ gene. Western bolt analysis revealed two catalase bands, both of which disappeared in the ctt1Δ mutant. The major, fastermigrating band existed in the cytosol whereas the monor, slower-migrating band appeared to be located in organelles, most likely in peroxisomes. These results suggest that the ctt1+ gene product targeted to the peroxisome is a modified form of the one in the cytosol.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7335-7338
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• 2013

There is increasing evidence that natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in antitumor immunity following dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Little is known, however, about the optimal stimulation of DCs by epitopes and NK interactions for cytotoxicity in tumors. In this study, DC cells activated by the HPV16E7.49-57 epitope and LPS were co-cultured with NK cells in vitro, and then used ot immunize mice to study CTL activity of TC-1, which constitutively expresses HPV16E6E7, with an LDH release assay. Cytotoxicity in mice immunized with DC loaded with epitope HPVE7.49-57 vaccine co-cultured with NK was enhanced significantly (p<0.01). In conclusion, talk-across between DC and NK cells enhances their functions, also improving cytotoxicity againsttumor cells, suggesting that activated DC-NK by epitopes has potential application for cancer-specific immuno-cellular therapy.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5684-5691
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• 2011

본 연구는 강제유도운동치료와 인지-지각 훈련을 병행하여 환측의 손 기능 변화, 일상생활 과제 수행 시 환측 상지의 사용빈도 변화, 그리고 환측 상지의 움직임의 질적 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 Taub 등 (1999)이 제시한 조건을 만족하고 뇌졸중 발병 후 3개월이 경과하였고 NCSE 또는 MVPT 결과 경도 손상을 보이는 환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 중재 방법은 CIMT군은 4주 동안 낮 시간동안에는 변형된 resting arm-splint를 착용하도록 하여 건측 상지의 사용을 제한시켰고, CIMT+CPT군은 CIMT군과 같은 조건에서 인지-지각 훈련을 병행하여 실시하였다. 대조군은 변형된 resting arm-splint를 착용하지 않고 일반적인 작업치료를 받도록 하였다. 그 결과, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test의 먹는 흉내 내기, 크고 가벼운 깡통 옮기기, 그리고 크고 무거운 깡통 옮기기 항목에서 CIMT+CPT군이 가장 큰 변화량을 보였으며 CIMT군도 CTL군과 비교하여 더 많은 호전을 보였다. 각 집단 간의 Motor Activity Log의 환측 상지의 사용빈도에 대한 변화량은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 집단 간의 환측 상지의 움직임의 질적 향상에 대한 변화량은 CIMT군과 CIMT+CPT군 모두 CTL군보다 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 따라서 인지 지각 능력의 경도 손상을 가지고 있는 뇌졸중 환자에게 실시한 강제유도운동치료는 환측의 손 기능 향상과 일상생활 과제 수행 시 환측 상지의 사용 빈도와 움직임의 질적 향상에 효과를 보였고, 강제유도운동치료와 인지-지각 훈련을 병행하였을 때 더 큰 시너지 효과를 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2010

Human tumors, including those of the hepatobiliary system, express a number of specific antigens that can be recognized by T cells, and may provide potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are rare leucocytes that are uniquely potent in their ability to capture, process and present antigens to T cells. The ability to culture sufficient numbers of DCs from human bone marrow or blood progenitors has attracted a great deal of interest in their potential utilization in human tumor vaccination. $CD34^+$ peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) were obtained from a patient with a hepatocellular carcinoma. The PBSCs were cultured in the X-VIVO 20 medium supplemented with the Flt-3 Ligand (FL), GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-$\alpha$ for 12 days. The morphology and functions of the cells were examined. The generated cells had the typical morphology of DCs. When the DCs were reinjected into the same patient, an augmentation of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was observed. Concomitantly, an increase in the natural killer (NK) cell activity was also detected in the patient. These results suggest that DCs-based cancer immunotherapy may become an important treatment option for cancer patients in the future.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

The immunomodulatory activities of the ethanol extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, termed hereafter as GPE, were examined in immunosuppressed mice as well as in normal mice in the present study. Oral administration of GPE into mice prevented dexamethasone (DEX)-induced immunosuppression as determined by the mitogen-induced proliferation of the splenocytes and the the cytokine production (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$) in the whole blood culture. In addition, oral administration of GPE increased antitumor host defense in mice implanted with sarcoma-180 tumor cells. The immunoaugmenting activity of orally administered GPE was also confirmed in mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA). Mice that were orally administered with GPE generated much more potent OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses upon intravenous OVA injection compared to the untreated controls. These results demonstrate that oral administration of the ethanol extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum could be useful to increase host defense in immunocompromised situations such as stress- or tumor-induced immunosuppression.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2011

본 연구는 건조 토마토 분말을 첨가하여 돈육패티를 제조하고 냉장 저장 중 이화학적 성상과 항산화 활성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 신선한 토마토를 믹서로 갈아 $60^{\circ}C$ 오븐에 건조하였고, 이를 물과 함께 혼합하여 용해된 수용성 층과 잔사 두 가지로 나눈 다음 동결 건조하여 수용성 건조 분말과 비수용성 건조분말 총 세 가지 건조 분말을 회수하였다. 건조된 분말을 돈육 패티에 0.5%씩 첨가하여 $4^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 14일간 냉장저장 하면서 이화학적 성상과 지방산패도를 검사하였다. 세 가지 종류의 토마토 건조 분말을 첨가한 처리구와 대조구(CTL) 간의 pH 및 명도에는 차이는 없었으나, 불용성 분말을 첨가한 처리구(TRT3)만이 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 적색도를 보였으며(p<0.05), 각 토마토 건조분말을 첨가한 처리구 모두 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 황색도를 보였다(p<0.05). 그 중에서도 TRT3이 가장 높은 황색도를 나타냈다. 지방산 패도를 측정하기 위해 수행한 TBARS 결과, 세 가지 종류의 토마토 건조 분말을 첨가한 처리구 모두 생성된 maloldiandehyde(MDA) 함량이 무 첨가구인 CTL보다는 낮았고(p<0.05), butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)를 첨가한 REF와는 차이가 없는 결과를 나타내어, 지방산화를 효과적으로 억제하였음을 확인하였다. 미생물 검사 결과 7일경과 후 미생물의 증식이 급격히 나타났으며, 처리구에 따른 총균수 및 대장균군수의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 토마토 건조 분말이 육제품에 적용되어 인공합성 항산화제를 대체할 수 있는 천연 항산화제로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.556-561
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to establish an in vitro culture method of tumor-specific T cells, and determine the efficacy of the cultured tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) as an agent of anti-tumor immunotherapy against a murine lymphoma, TIMI.4. Tumor-specific T-lymphocytes derived from C57BL/6 mice (thy-1.2) immune to TIMI.4 were activated by in vitro stimulation with the irradiated TIMI.4 cells, and expanded by restimulation with TIMI.4 in the presence of the concanavalin A-stimulated rat spleen culture supernatant, and splenic antigen-presenting cells. In vitro restimulation enhanced markedly the proportion of $CD8^+$, a predominant surface marker of CTL and the cytotoxic activity in the cultured immune T cell population. The resulting TIMI.4-specific T cells were adoptively transferred into nude mice. The tumor cells residing in the host after 7 days of adoptive transfer to B6.PL (thy-1.1) mice were quantified by use of an antibody directed to the thy-1.2 allele. The TIMI.4 cells in the recipient nude mice were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-tumor activity of the TIMI.4-specific T cells was also demonstrated by a survival test, where the tumor-bearing nu/nu mice which received the activated T-cells survived about 30% longer than the control mice which received the tumor cells alone. These suggest that adoptive transfer of TIMI.4-specific T cells could be a candidate for effective therapy of the murine lymphoma.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2002

Background: Viral antigens presented on the cell surface in association with MHC class I molecules are recognized by CD8+ T cells. MHC restricted peptides are important in eliciting cellular immune responses. As peptide antigens have a weak immunigenicity, pH-sensitive liposomes were used for peptide delivery to induce effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In the previous study, as the HBx peptides could induce specific CTLs in vitro, we tested whether the HLA-A2/$K^b$ transgenic mice that were immunized by HBx-derived peptides could be protected from a viral challenge. Methods: HBx-peptides encapsulated by pH-sensitive liposomes were prepared. $A2K^b$ transgenic mice were immunized i.m. on days one and seven with the indicated concentrations of liposome-encapsulated peptides. Three weeks later, mice were infected with $1{\times}10^7pfu$/head of recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV)-HBx via i.p. administration. The ovaries were extracted from the mice, and the presence of rVV-HBx in the ovaries was analyzed using human TK-143B cells. IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion by these cells was directly assessed using a peptide-pulsed target cell stimulation assay with either peptide-pulsed antigen presenting cells (APCs), concanavalin A ($2{\mu}g/ml$), or a vehicle. To generate peptide-specific CTLs, splenocytes obtained from the immunized mice were stimulated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ of each peptide and restimulated with peptide-pulsed APC four times. The cytotoxic activity of the CTLs was assessed by standard $^{51}Cr$-release assay and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ assay. Results: Immunization of these peptides as a mixture in pH-sensitive liposomes to transgenic mice induced a good protective effect from a viral challenge by inducing the peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Mice immunized with $50{\mu}g/head$ were much better protected against viral challenge compared to those immunized with $5{\mu}g$/head, whereas the mice immunized with empty liposomes were not protected at all. After in vitro CTL culture by peptide stimulation, however, specific cytotoxicity was much higher in the CTLs from mice immunized with $5{\mu}g/head$ than $50{\mu}g/head$ group. Increase of the number of cells that intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cell among CD8+ T cells showed similar result. Conclusion: Mice immunized with XEPs within pH-sensitive liposome were protected against viral challenge. The protective effect depended on the amount of antigen used during immunization. XEP-3-specific CTLs could be induced by peptide stimulation in vitro from splenocytes obtained from immunized mice. The cytotoxic effect of CTLs was measured by $^{51}Cr$-release assay and the percentage of accumulated intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cells after in vitro restimulation was measured by flow cytometric analysis. The result of $^{51}Cr$-release cytotoxicity test was well correlated with that of the flow cytometric analysis. Viral protection was effective in immunized group of $50{\mu}g/head$, while in the in vitro restimulation, it showed more spectific response in $5{\mu}g$/head group.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.306.1-306.1
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• 2002

Cefodizime has originally been developed for treating infections as antibiotics. However. according to some of recent studies. cefodizime. a third generation cephalosporin. may potentially have the capability of stimulating chemotactic activity of neutrophils and monocytes as well as the strong immuno-modulator. In this study. we studied to learn about the expressive effect of dentritic cells and macrophage. With this background. We have studied to see if cefodizime can be a potential substance inducing an immunological function in dendritic cells and peritoneal macrophages. IL-12 activates NK cell and macrophage, and shows antiviral effect by excreting INF-${\gamma}$. In vitro. total RNAs were extracted from murine dentritic cell at 4, 8, 12, 24hr after the application of 10, 50, 100${\gamma}g$/ml of cefodizime wighout other stimulators. And we analyzed IL-12 mRNA using RT-PCR method. In conclusion. IL-12 mRNA was increased. and the results suggest that cefodizime activate TH1 cell induction, CTL differentiation as well as accelerating the increase of NK. LAK cell.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

본 연구는 TGase를 사용함으로써 재구성육 햄의 결착력과 텀블링시간에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 재구성 햄은 73.9∼75.7% 수분, 3.63∼4.18% 지방, 16.6∼20.6% 단백질로 구성되었고, pH는 5.95∼6.10 그리고 0.95∼0.96의 수분 활성도를 보였다. 텀블링시간의 증가나 TGase 첨가에 의한 발색과 기능성에는 유의차를 보이지 않았으나 TGase 무첨가구는 첨가구에 비해 텀블링시간에 관계없이 조직학적 성상이 낮게 나타났다. 전단력은 재구성육 햄에서 TGase를 첨가하지 않은 경우 텀블링시간을 길게 하거나 또는 TGase의 첨가시 전단력이 향상되었다. 즉, TGase의 첨가는 1시간으로 텀블링시간을 줄인 대조구가 텀블링시간이 4시간인 대조구에 비해 조직학적 성상이나 전단력이 유의적 차이를 보여 저하된 것에 반하여, 유의차 없는 조직학적 성상과 전단력을 보여줌으로써 텀블링시간의 감소에 대한 보완적 효과를 나타내었고, 반면에 TGase를 첨가하고 4시간동안 텀블링하였던 처리구 TRT 4는 4시간 동안 텀블링만을 한 CTL 4와 조직학적 성상과 전단력의 향상을 보여주지 못하였다. 즉, TGase 첨가에 의한 효과와 텀블링 시간의 증가로 인한 효과는 각각 나타났으나, 두 요인의 복합에 의한 상승효과는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 재구성육 햄의 제조에 있어서 0.3% TGase의 첨가는 전단력을 증가시킴으로써 상대적으로 텀블링 시간을 줄이는 효과를 나타냈고, 대조구(CTL 1)에 대해서는 조직감과 전단력의 보완적 효과를 보여준 것으로 사료되어진다.