• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2017

In this paper, detailed safety inspection reports on the 915 expressway bridges which had been published from 1996 to 2010 are collected and condition of these bridges are analyzed. Damages are categorized into 'damage by defect', 'damage by physical force', and 'damage by deterioration' and the concept of damage possession rate is introduced to investigate the occurrence time and the characteristics of damages. Based on the top 10 damage patterns of expressway bridges and the deterioration characteristics of heavy snow and freezing cold area, reasonable improvement direction of inspection activity is suggested. From this study, it is known that improvement of inspection regularization during construction or at completion stage of bridges is needed. Since the deterioration progress of the heavy snow and freezing cold area is faster than that of general area, environmental characteristics should be considered in inspection activity. The results of present study can be widely used for improvement of inspection activity of expressway bridges.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.687-694
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• 2008

Given the daily tactical schedule, the purpose of the traffic management system is to develop operating plan that will achieve the stated schedule as best as possible. The operating plan has to be modified during the day because of occurring disturbance(e.g. delay, infrastructure breakdown, etc.) Conflict detection and resolution(CDRS) are aimed for adjusting the distorted schedule to tactical schedule. Our research separate CDRS into two hierarchy modules, line conflict control module and station conflict control module. We define the role of each modules and design the cooperative architecture. We suggest the conflict detection and resolution approach based on mathematical model. These results can be implemented as prototype modules.

• The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.150-156
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• 2018

Precision medicine stands for 4Ps - precise, preventive, participatory, and personal; in which "precision" is important because the current modern medicine starts from "trial and error," and "one does not fit all". Current targeted therapies for cancer have changed treatment approaches and led the precision medicine; however, clinical use of liquid biopsy, using blood or other liquid specimens to characterize circulating tumor cells (CTC) or tumor genes instead of biopsies of tumor tissues, still awaits availability of more information regarding non-invasive cancer detection and characterization, prediction of treatment response, monitoring the disease course and relapse possibilities, identification of mechanisms of drug resistance, and newer pathogenesis. In this review, we will introduce the basic concept of CTC, circulating cell free DNA, and exosomes and their possible application for gastric cancer relevant with Helicobacter pylori infection.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2021

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were isolated from major Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivars in Korea, namely 'HS47' (monokaryon, gamete of 'Santari'), 'GB19' (monokaryon, gamete of 'Santari'), 'Hosan,' 'Yeoleumneutali1,' 'Sambok,' 'Gangsan,' 'Yaksan,' 'Jasan,' 'Hyangsan,' and 'Yeoleumneutali2,' and characterized via HiSeq genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The genome sizes of the monokaryons 'HS47' and 'GB19' were estimated to be 37.3 and 37.2 Mb, respectively, and those of the other dikaryotic cultivars ranged from 47.1 to 61.1 Mb. A total of 711 (smallest) and 1,106 (1.5 times the smallest) SSRs were found in the 'HS47' and 'Gangsan' genomes, respectively. Hexanucleotide and octanucleotide motifs accounted for the top two fractions of all SSRs. CGA/TCG, A/T, and CTC/GAG were the most frequently detected nucleotides in the SSRs. Most of the SSRs were 21~30 nucleotides long (hypervariable for application), accounting for 70% of all lengths of SSRs.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1692-1705
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• 2024

In this paper, we present a method that integrates a Grammar Transducer as an external language model to enhance the accuracy of the pre-trained Korean End-to-end (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. The E2E ASR model utilizes the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss function to derive hypothesis sentences from input audio. However, this method reveals a limitation inherent in the CTC approach, as it fails to capture language information from transcript data directly. To overcome this limitation, we propose a fusion approach that combines a clause-level n-gram language model, transformed into a Weighted Finite-State Transducer (WFST), with the E2E ASR model. This approach enhances the model's accuracy and allows for domain adaptation using just additional text data, avoiding the need for further intensive training of the extensive pre-trained ASR model. This is particularly advantageous for Korean, characterized as a low-resource language, which confronts a significant challenge due to limited resources of speech data and available ASR models. Initially, we validate the efficacy of training the n-gram model at the clause-level by contrasting its inference accuracy with that of the E2E ASR model when merged with language models trained on smaller lexical units. We then demonstrate that our approach achieves enhanced domain adaptation accuracy compared to Shallow Fusion, a previously devised method for merging an external language model with an E2E ASR model without necessitating additional training.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.537-546
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementation of chlortetracycline (CTC,110ppm), copper sulfate(Cu, 125ppm) and two levels of probiotics(Prob I, 0.04%, Prob II, 0.1%), Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in growing pigs. A total of 50 pigs that averaged 20.78$\pm$0.35kg BW and 50$\pm$2.3d age were allocated in a randomized block design with two pigs per pen and 5 pens per treatment. Pigs and feeders were weighed 10-days interval for the 40-d trials to determine ADG, ADFI and feed:gain ratio(F:G). Average daily gain, feed intake, feed/gain and nutrient digestibility were not improved(P>0.10) by the supplementation of CTC, Cu and two levels of probiotics. There were significant(P<0.05) Cu effects on digestibility of crude protein, and probiotics effects on digestibilities on organic matter, crude protein and energy between first 20 days and subsequent 20 days. Fecal concentrations of copper were highly increased(P<0.001) by the copper supplementation. Total bacteria and coliform counts were not altered by the supplementation of CTC, Cu and two levels of probiotics. Ammonia emission from slurry, measured during first 3 weeks, was reduced (P<0.001) in pigs fed diet with 125 ppm copper from copper sulfate. Results indicate that CTC, Cu and Probiotics supplementation had a little or not positive effect on grower pig performance under sound environmental conditions. Further studies may be warranted to investigate the effects of dietary copper-either reduced or in combination with dietary ammonia control agents-on the ammonia emission characteristics of swine manure.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.1220-1222
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• 2002

The railway signaling system consists of several vital computerized equipments. Now the project for development of signaling system for the next-generation high-speed train is progressed according to the consortium. The developing signaling system by this project, kTCS(Korean Train Control System), is composed of kTCS-CTC, kTCS-IXL, kTCS-ATC and etc. The KTCS signaling has to be operated as a integrated system by interface between each signaling. To achieve these, communication protocols between each signaling have to be designed and message codes are defined. In this paper the configuration of integrated kTCS system and designed communication protocol is presented.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.289-291
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• 2003

Railway takes an important role of transporting massive passenger and freight. Accidents which occur related to trains have a risk of serious loss of lives, so those accidents need to be controlled urgently Therefore moving picture transmission system is required which transmits exact information of moving picture of accident status to CTC and also communication line is also required with it. By using WTB line as a wayside transmission line, railway telephones, fax and train service information are provided to local offices. As transmission line improving project, optical cabling work is being processed by phases. Therefore optical fiber line is more effective way for a communicating way between stations than coaxial transmission line. This Paper considers connecting method when optical fibers is used for moving picture data transmission of train accidents and its problems.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.64-73
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• 1985

In order to control ignition advance angle, this system is designed with Z-80 CPU, CTC (counter Timer Circuit), PIO(Parallel Input Output), A/D Converter and Memory, etc. Serial pulses from speed sensor and analog voltage from pressure sensor are converted to digital data. In order to reduce the error of ignition advance angle output, the reference of ignition advance angle output is set 56.25 before TDC(Top Dead Center). The table of ignition advance angle and program which have a main routine and subroutines are written into ROM ( 1 K-byte). The experimental result of this system is correspondent to the theoretical values of proposed ignition advance angle table. This system can be utilized to any other type of 4 cylinder vehicles for advance angle control by changing software.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.46-58
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• 2002

포도당 대사에서 중심적인 역할을 담당하고 있는 호르몬인 인슐린의 작용기전은 이전에 알려진 것보다 매우 다양하고 복잡한 세포내 신호전달 체계에 의해서 수행된다. 지난 10여년간 이러한 세포 신호전달 흐름내 중간물질인 여러 가지 단백질의 역할에 대해서 많은 연구가 진행되어 적지 않은 성과를 거두고 있다. 근래에는 해당 유전자에 대해 분자생물학적인 조작을 가하여 실험동물 체내에서 이러한 중간 단백질이 발현되지 못하도록 한 후, 각 조직에서의 인슐린 신호전달 체계를 더욱 심도 있게 연구하고 있다. 여러 연구방법 가운데서, 특히 조직 특이적으로 특정 유전자를 제거하여 태어난 개체를 이용하고, 또한 이들을 서로 교배시켜 나타나는 현상을 연구하여 비정상적인 포도당대사를 이해하는데 많은 도움을 받고 있다. 동물종에 따른 대사상의 차이점 등으로 인해 적지 않은 한계를 갖고 있지만, 동물 질환모델은 포도당 대사와 같은 생체 내에서 중요한 작용을 깊게 이해하고 더 나아가서는 비정상적인 대사를 밝히는데 핵심적인 역할을 수행하고 있다. 기초분야의 성과를 활용하는 응용학문인 축산분야에서도 이러한 접근방법과 연구 결과는 시사하는 바가 있을 것이다.