• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2023

Despite long-term research achievements, the development of cell therapy (CT) products remains challenging. This is because the risks experienced by the subject and therapeutic effects in the clinical trial stage are unclear due to the various uncertainties of CT when administered to humans. Nevertheless, as autologous cell products for systemic administration have recently been approved for marketing, CT product development is accelerating, particularly in the field of unmet medical needs. The human experience of CT remains insufficient compared with other classes of pharmaceuticals, while there are countless products for clinical development. Therefore, for many sponsors, understanding the rationale of human application of an investigational product based on the consensus and improving the ability to apply it appropriately for CT are necessary. Thus, defining the level of evidence for safety and efficacy fundamentally required for initiating the clinical development and preparing it using a reliable method for CT. Furthermore, the expertise should be strengthened in the design of the first-in-human trial, such as the starting dose and dose-escalation plan, based on a sufficiently acceptable rationale. Cultivating development professionals with these skills will increase the opportunity for more candidates to enter the clinical development phase.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

It is to improve customer satisfaction measurement and CT Scan process without delay of examination time when is using Scan positioning time(Planning time) that time is happened always between research reactor CT examination to increase fear and examination satisfaction by the customer's comprehension tribe which get the latest contrast enhancement CT examination. Needs and interests that customer wants to compose visual and auditory Contents to be played to Scan positioning time did questionnaire about curiosity later before CT examination to 600 people for October - November 2 months of 2006 to customer whole that get CT examination on source. Data getting through questionnaire investigated examination comprehension and satisfaction through questionnaire after experiment Scan Positioning to 500 coming to help customers to be source CT examination for 3 months February December - 2007 year in 2006 manufacturing Voice and Visual announce media for reference. To customer who interest degree appeared, and answers preparatory audit from preparatory audit about curiosity of CT examination customer to order of examination time required(43%), contrast media side effect(26%), examination region(20%), breath(10%), etc..(1.5%) audio-visual materials in questionnaire that attain after do reclamation among examination age, sex, reception type of irrelatively in 91% of target increase of hailing degree and examination satisfaction appear. Searched that customer hailing and satisfaction are increased greatly when use of audio-visual materials in satisfaction result that use CT Positioning delay time. In experiment process, It took lacking part by method that use hearing in case of do not use sight as is unavoidable in subject position or old age. Through this, audio-visual materials could analogize that it is more useful method that use sight and hearing at the same time.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 1999

Purpose: Misonidazole is a radiosensitizer that binds in hypoxic cells. The purpose of this study was to find out the feasibility of I-131-Iodomisonidazole (IMISO) for imaging of tumor hypoxia. Materials and Methods: Tosyl precursor was dissolved in acetonitrile and I-131-NaI was added to synthesize IMISO. Balb/c mice inoculated with CT-26 adenocarcinoma were injected with IMISO. Mice were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 24 hr and % of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was determined. For scintigraphy and MRI, mouse bearing CT-26 adenocarcinoma was administered with IMISO and imaging was performed 4 hr after. Then, mouse body was fixed and microtomized slice was placed on radiographic film for autoradiography Results: %ID/g of tumor was 1.64 (1h), 0.98 (2h), 0.85 (4h) and 0.20 (24h), respectively. At 24h, %ID/g of tumor was higher than that of all other tissues except thyroid. Tumor to muscle ratio increased with time and tumor to blood ratio also increased with time and reached 1.53 at 24 hr. On autoradiogram, tumor was well visualized as an increased activity in central hypoxic area of the tumor which corresponds to the area of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR image. On scintigraphy, tumor uptake was visualized. Conclusion: This results suggest that IMISO may have a potential for tumor hypoxia imaging in mouse model. However, further study is needed to improve it's localization in tumor tissue and to achieve acceptable images of tumor hypoxia.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.25-26
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• 2008

A, B 변전소간에 345kV 지중선로 4회선으로 Loop 운전 중 1개의 지중선로에 절연파괴 고장이 발생하였으며, 이때 4개의 지중송전선로가 모두 운전정지 되는 고장이 발생하였다. 고장이 발생한 선로는 정상적으로 보호계전기가 동작하였으나, 그 외 다른 선로의 보호계전기가 오동작하여 원인규명시험을 한 결과 외부고장시 CT 포화로 인해 보호계전기가 자단고장으로 인식하여 동작된 것으로 분석되었다. 본 논문에서는 CT 포화와 관련하여 DC성분, Surge, 2차 부담 등 여러가지 조건에 대하여 고찰함으로서 향후 전력계통의 다양한 고장에 대비하는데 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.40 no.1 s.392
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• pp.22-26
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• 2002

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2018

The main issue of CT is radiation dose reduction to patient. The purpose of this study was to estimate the image quality and dose by iterative reconstruction (IR) for adults and pediatrics. Adult and pediatric images of phantom were obtained with 120 and 140 kV, respectively, in accordance with radiation dose in terms of volume CT dose index ($CTDI_{vol}$): 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 mGy. Then, the adult and the pediatric images are reconstructed by filtered-backprojection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR). The images were analyzed by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). SNR is improved when IR and 140 kV are applied to acquire adult and pediatric images. In the adult abdomen, according to diagnostic reference level, the SNR values of bone were increased about 27.84 % and 27.77 % at 120 kV and 140 kV, and the tissue's SNR values of the IR were increased about 29.84 % and 33.46 % 120 and 140 kV, respectively. Dose is reduced to 40% in adults abdomen images when using IR reconstruction. In pediatric images, the bone's SNR were also increased about 17.70% and 18.17 % at 120 kV and 140 kV. The tissue's SNR were increased about 26.73 % and 26.15 % at 120 kV and 140 kV. Radiation dose is reduced from 30% to 50% for bone and tissue images. In the case of examinations for adult and pediatric CT, IR technique reduces radiation dose to patient, and it could be applied to adult and pediatric imaging.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2019

Chronotype (CT) is defined as an inter-individual difference in sleep-wake cycles and daily activities. Previous studies have suggested that this individual difference can influence our biological and psychological functioning. Literature regarding the psychometric properties and validity of CT measures are reviewed. We provide an overview of biological indicators (sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, cortisol, and melatonin) that are used for distinguishing two chronotypes: morningness (MT) and eveningness (ET). We also review the differences between CT in relation to personality traits and the occurrence of psychopathology. In addition, the methodological limitations of studies on CT are discussed. Finally, future research directions in terms of CT are proposed.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2024

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a frequently performed procedure; the objective is restoration of native hip biomechanics and achieving functional range of motion (ROM) through precise positioning of the prosthetic components. Advanced three-dimensional (3D) imaging and computed tomography (CT)-based navigation are valuable tools in both the preoperative planning and intraoperative execution. The aim of this study is to provide a thorough overview on the applications of CT scans in both the preoperative and intraoperative settings of primary THA. Preoperative planning using CT-based 3D imaging enables greater accuracy in prediction of implant sizes, leading to enhancement of surgical workflow with optimization of implant inventory. Surgeons can perform a more thorough assessment of posterior and anterior acetabular wall coverage, acetabular osteophytes, anatomical landmarks, and thus achieve more functional implant positioning. Intraoperative CT-based navigation can facilitate precise execution of the preoperative plan, to attain optimal positioning of the prosthetic components to avoid impingement. Medial reaming can be minimized preserving native bone stock, which can enable restoration of femoral, acetabular, and combined offsets. In addition, it is associated with greater accuracy in leg length adjustment, a critical factor in patients' postoperative satisfaction. Despite the higher costs and radiation exposure, which currently limits its widespread adoption, it offers many benefits, and the increasing interest in robotic surgery has facilitated its integration into routine practice. Conducting additional research on ultra-low-dose CT scans and examining the potential for translation of 3D imaging into improved clinical outcomes will be necessary to warrant its expanded application.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.369-374
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• 2008

Purpose: F-18 FDG PET/CT has excellent sensitivity and specificity for staging non-Hodgkin lymphomas, but to the author's knowledge few studies to date have evaluated FDG PET/CT in peripheral T cell lymphoma. We evaluated the usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT in staging of patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma, especially indolent cutaneous T cell lymphomas. Materials and Methods: Twenty five patients (M:F=17:8, age $53.7{\pm}14.8$ yrs) with biopsy-proven indolent cutaneous T cell (CL) or noncutaneous T cell lymphomas (NCL) underwent PET/CT scans for staging at baseline. Peak standardized uptake values (p-SUV) of all abnormal foci were measured and compared between cutaneous and noncutaneous lesions. F-18 FDG PET/CT was performed on 6 patients with indolent CL and on 19 patients with NCL. Results: All 6 patients with indolent CL had no significant FDG avidity in the skin despite histologically positive cutaneous lesions. However, FDG avidity appeared in extracutaneous lesions (lymph nodes) in two patients with CL where CT imaging suggested lymphoma involvement (mean p-SUV $4.26{\pm}0.37$ in noncutaneous lesions in CL). In NCL, FDG avidity was demonstrated in all lesions where CT imaging suggested lymphoma involvement (mean p-SUV, $8.52{\pm}5.00$ in noncutaneous lesions in NCL). Conclusion: F-18 FDG PET/CT has the limitation of usefulness for the evaluation of the skin in indolent CL. In contrast, F-18 FDG PET/CT is sensitive in staging evaluation of extracutaneous lesions regardless of CL or NCL.