• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.553-559
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The lateral orbital wall fractures have been previously classified by some authors. As there are some limitations in applying in their own classifications, we hope to present a refined classification system of the lateral orbital wall fracture and to identify the correlation between the specific type of the fracture and clinical diagnosis. Methods: The facial bone CT scans and medical records of 78 patients with the lateral orbital wall fractures were reviewed in a retrospective manner. The classification is based on the CT scan. In type I, the fracture and its segments are away from the lateral rectus muscle and in type II, they are next to or slightly pushing the muscle in axial CT scan. In type III, the fracture segments compress and displace the longitudinal axis of the muscle or the optic nerve in axial view of CT scan. Type IV fracture includes multiple fractures found around the orbital apex or optic canal in coronal view of CT scans of the type I and type II fractures. Results: The most common fracture pattern was type I(43.6%), followed by type IV(29.5%), type II(20.5%), and type III(6.4%). As diplopia and restriction of extraocular muscles were found in type I and II fractures, severe ophthalmic complications such as superior orbital fissure syndrome, orbital apex syndrome, and traumatic optic neuropathy were found in type III and IV fractures almost exclusively. Conclusion: We propose an easy classification system of the lateral orbital wall fracture which correlates closely with ophthalmic complications and may help to make further treatment plan. In Type III and IV fractures, severe ophthalmic complications may ensue in higher rates, so early diagnosis and treatment should be performed.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2008

It is to improve customer satisfaction measurement and CT Scan process without delay of examination time when is using Scan positioning time(Planning time) that time is happened always between research reactor CT examination to increase fear and examination satisfaction by the customer's comprehension tribe which get the latest contrast enhancement CT examination. Needs and interests that customer wants to compose visual and auditory Contents to be played to Scan positioning time did questionnaire about curiosity later before CT examination to 600 people for October - November 2 months of 2006 to customer whole that get CT examination on source. Data getting through questionnaire investigated examination comprehension and satisfaction through questionnaire after experiment Scan Positioning to 500 coming to help customers to be source CT examination for 3 months February December - 2007 year in 2006 manufacturing Voice and Visual announce media for reference. To customer who interest degree appeared, and answers preparatory audit from preparatory audit about curiosity of CT examination customer to order of examination time required(43%), contrast media side effect(26%), examination region(20%), breath(10%), etc..(1.5%) audio-visual materials in questionnaire that attain after do reclamation among examination age, sex, reception type of irrelatively in 91% of target increase of hailing degree and examination satisfaction appear. Searched that customer hailing and satisfaction are increased greatly when use of audio-visual materials in satisfaction result that use CT Positioning delay time. In experiment process, It took lacking part by method that use hearing in case of do not use sight as is unavoidable in subject position or old age. Through this, audio-visual materials could analogize that it is more useful method that use sight and hearing at the same time.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.1570-1576
• /
• 2000

Objective : To evaluate objectively the sites of injury in patients with posttraumatic olfactory deficits and to suggest the diagnostic procedure for evaluation of posttraumatic anosmia. Methods : Ten patients with posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction were examined by means of olfactory testing, sinoscopy, contrast filled paranasal sinus computed tomography(contrast filled PNS CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Five normal persons without olfactory dysfunction were also evauluated. The aerodynamic patency of olfactory cleft was examined by contrast filled PNS CT. The olfactory system(oflactory bulbs, olfactory tracts, inferior frontal region, hippocampi, or temporal lobes) was investigated in detail with MRI. The difference in the size of the olfactory bulb between normal volunteers and anosmic patients was evaluated by Student's t test. Results : Contrast filled dynamic CT scan was useful method for the evaluation of dynamic patency of the olfactory cleft. Paranasal CT scan of the all anosmic patients showed dynamic reflux of contrast media in olfactory cleft on valsalva maneuver. For the largest cross-sectional area and great height, the difference in olfactory bulb size between normal volunteers and patients was statistically significant(p<0.001) in MRI study. Conclusion : Posttraumatic anosmia was completely evaluated by olfactory testing, sinoscopy, and contrast filled CT scan for differentiation between conductive type and neurogenic type. Neurogenic anosmia was confirmed by perfect localization with MRI study.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.123-129
• /
• 2007

Purpose: CT scan shows that significant tumor movement occurs in lesions located in the proximity of the heart, diaphragm, and lung hilus. There are differences concerning three kinds of type to get images following the Scan type called Axial, Helical, Cine (4D-CT) mode, when the scanning by CT. To know how each protocol describe accurately, this paper is going to give you reappearance using the moving phantom. Materials and Methods: To reconstruct the movement of superior-inferior and anterior-posterior, the manufactured moving phantom and the motor following breathing were used. To distinguish movement from captured images by CT scanning, a localizer adhered to the marker on the motor. The moving phantom fixed the movement of superior-inferior upon 1.3 cm /1 min. The motor following breathing fixed the movement of anterior-posterior upon 0.2 cm /1 min. After fixing each movement, CT scanning was taken by following the CT protocols. The movement of A localizer and volume-reappearance analyzed by RTP machine. Results: Total volume of a marker was 88.2 $cm^3$ considering movement of superior-inferior. Total volume was 184.3 $cm^3$. Total volume according to each CT scan protocol were 135 $cm^3$ by axial mode, 164.9 $cm^3$ by helical mode, 181.7 $cm^3$ by cine (4D-CT) mode. The most closely describable protocol about moving reappearance was cine mode, the marker attached localizer as well. Conclusion: CT scan should reappear concerning a exact organ-description and target, when the moving organ is being scanned by three kinds of CT protocols. The cine (4D-CT) mode has the advantage of the most highly reconstructible ability of the three protocols in reappearance of the marker using a moving phantom. The marker on the phantom has always regular motion but breathing patients don't move like a phantom. Breathing education and devices setting patients were needed so that images reconstruct breathing as exactly as possible. Users should also consider that an amount of radiation to patients is being bombed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2014.11a
• /
• pp.191-192
• /
• 2014

두부 CT 검사 시 FBP와 ASIR적용에 따른 화질과 선량을 평가해 보고, Scan type(Axial, Helical)별 영상을 비교해 보아 두부 CT 영상획득 시 최적의 방법을 알아보고자 하였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.295-301
• /
• 2015

We evaluated certain issues related to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with the use of active 2.5 GHz radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for patient identification using low field (0.3 T) MRI and computed tomography (CT) scans. We also investigated the performance of the RFID reader located outside the MRI room by considering several factors. A total of ten active RFID tags were exposed to several MRI sequences and X-rays of CT scan. We found that only card type active RFID tags are suitable for patient identification purpose in MRI environment and both wristbands as well as card tags were suitable for the same in CT environment. Severe artifacts were found in the captured MRI and CT images when the area of the imaging was in proximity to the tags. No external factors affected the performance of active RFID reader stationed outside the MRI scan room.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.333-336
• /
• 2008

A 52-year-old woman with a history of general weakness, fatigue, weight loss, elevated serum levels of liver transaminase enzyme for three months underwent an F-18 FDG PET/CT scan to evaluate a cause of the hepatosplenomegaly found on abdominal ultrasonography. Initial PET/CT revealed markedly enlarged liver and spleen with intense FDG uptake. Otherwise, there were no areas of abnormal FDG uptake in whole body image. Histological evaluation by a hepatic needle biopsy demonstrated diffuse large B cell type lymphoma and final diagnosis for this patient was hepatosplenic B-cell lymphoma. She received five cycles of CHOP chemotherapy, and second PET/CT scan was followed after then. Follow-up PET-CT revealed normal sized liver with disappearance of abnormal FDG uptake. Hepatosplenic B-cell lymphoma is relatively rare and mostly presents as single or multiple nodules.1,2 Diffuse type hepatosplenic lymphoma is extremely rare and poorly recognized entity.3 The diagnosis is very difficult and complicated by the presence of misleading symptoms.4 In this rare hepatosplenic B-cell lymphoma case, F-18 FDG PET/CT scan provided a initial diagnostic clue of hepatosplenic lymphoma and an accurate chemotherapy response.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.42 no.sup1
• /
• pp.126-129
• /
• 2008

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common histological type of renal malignancy, predominant in men and the primary treatment modality of this tumor is surgery. The role of diagnostic imaging in the management of this tumor is the evaluation of extent of disease as well as the detection and characterization of renal mass. US has long been a routine screening tool for kidney but tomographic imaging modalities such as CT and MRI begin to be also commonly used these days. On the other hand, the sensitivity of $^{18}F-FDG-PET$ in detection of renal mass is relatively low because of inherent limitation caused by FDG excretion pathway despite avid uptake of FDG to tumor cell per se. Many studies revealed FDG PET scan could play an important role in detection of metastatic lesions although the sensitivity for the detection of primary lesion is not so high. Furthermore, development of PET/CT scanner will make it possible to expand the indication of FDG PET scan in this malignancy.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 2009

Bone scintigraphy using $^{99m}$Tc-labeled phosphate agents has long been the standard evaluation method for whole skeletal system. However, recent shortage of $^{99m}$Tc supply and advanced positron emission tomography (PET) technology evoked the attention to surrogate radiopharmaceuticals and imaging modalities for bone. Actually, fluorine-18 ($^{18}$F) was the first bone seeking radiotracer before the introduction of $^{99m}$Tc-labeled agents even though its clinical application failed to become pervasive anymore after the rapid spread of Anger type gamma camera systems in early 1970s. However, rapidly developed PET technology made us refocus on the usefulness of $^{18}$F as a PET tracer. Early study comparing $^{18}$F-Na PET scan and planar bone scintigraphy reported that PET has higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of metastatic bone lesions than planar bone scan. Subsequent reports comparing between PET and both planar and SPECT bone image also revealed better results of PET scan in similar study groups. Rapid clinical application of PET/CT also accumulated considerable amount of experiences in skeletal evaluation and this modality is known to have better diagnostic power than stand alone PET system as well as bone scan. Furthermore $^{18}$F-Na PET/CT revealed better or at least equal results in detection of primary and metastatic bone lesions compared with CT and MRI. Therefore, it is obvious that $^{18}$F-Na PET/CT has potential to become new imaging modality for practical skeletal evaluation so continuous and careful evaluation of this modality and radiopharmaceutical must be required.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.400-404
• /
• 2014

Objective : Clip artifacts limit the visualization of intracranial structures in CT scans from patients after aneurysmal clipping with cobalt alloy clips. This study is to analyze the parameters influencing the degree of clip artifacts. Methods : Postoperative CT scans of 60 patients with straight cobalt alloy-clipped aneurysms were analyzed for the maximal diameter of white artifacts and the angle and number of streak artifacts in axial images, and the maximal diameter of artifacts in three-dimensional (3-D) volume-rendered images. The correlation coefficient (CC) was determined between each clip artifact type and the clip blade length and clip orientation to the CT scan (angle a, lateral clip inclination in axial images; angle b, clip gradient to scan plane in lateral scout images). Results : Angle b correlated negatively with white artifacts (r=-0.589, p<0.001) and positively with the angle (r=0.636, p<0.001) and number (r=0.505, p<0.001) of streak artifacts. Artifacts in 3-D images correlated with clip blade length (r=0.454, p=0.004). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that angle b was the major parameter influencing white artifacts and the angle and number of streak artifacts in axial images (p<0.001), whereas clip blade length was a major factor in 3-D images (p=0.034). Conclusion : Use of a clip orientation perpendicular to the scan gantry angle decreased the amount of white artifacts and allowed better visualization of the clip site.