• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2007

The existing capacity spectrum method (CSM) is based on the displacement based approach for seismic performance and evaluation. Currently, in the domestic and overseas standard concerning seismic design, the CSM to obtain capacity spectrum from capacity curve and demand spectrum from elastic response spectrum is presented. In the multistory building, collapse is affected more by drift than by displacement, but the existing CSM does not work for story drift. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved CSM to estimate story drift of structures through seismic performance and evaluation. It uses the ductility factor in the A-T domain to obtain constant-ductility response spectrum from earthquake response of inelastic system using the drift and capacity curve from capacity analysis of structure.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 1992

Chlorosulfonated polyethylene(CSM) was moisture-cure after treating them with silane coupling agents such as ${\gamma}-mercapto$ propyl trimethoxy silane, ${\gamma}-glycidoxy$ propyl triethoxy silane and methyl triethoxy silane, 3-(trimethoxy silyl) propyl methacrylate and 3-thiocyanopropyl triethoxy silane. The cure reaction is composed two steps. The first is the reaction between chlorosulfonyl groups of CSM and silane coupling agents. The second is the formation of cross-links which are siloxane linkage. The linkage is formed by the condensation of silanol groups which are produced by the hydrolysis of alkoxysilyl groups. CSM was mixed with MPS etc., and dilaurate dilaurate as catalyst on two open mill and the compounds were lured in hot water at $70^{\circ}C$ Physical properties of moisture-cured CSM was measured. CSM was effectively moisture-cured and r-mercapto propyl trimethoxy silane and r-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane were capable of the vulcanizing agents.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.533-542
• /
• 2014

In this study TBM disc cutter prediction models including Gehring, CSM and NTNU models were investigated and the characteristics of the models were examined. The influence of penetration, uniaxial compressive strength and abrasiveness index on the models was analyzed. The life of disc cutter linearly increases with penetration per revolution and decreases with increasing uniaxial compressive strength of rocks. As the abrasiveness index, CAI, increases, the life of disc cutter in Gehring and CSM model decreases. On the contrary, the life of disc cutter life in NTNU model decreases with increasing CLI. Also, comparisons of predicted disc life were made between models using actual job site data.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.980-983
• /
• 2004

A 16 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of soybean meal (SM) by extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) on laying performance and haemoglobin levels in practical diets for breeder Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). One hundred ninety two quails (6 weeks old) were divided randomly into eight groups. The diets were isocaloric containing 2,900 kcal/kg of ME and isonitrogenous (% 20 crude protein) as fed basis. SM was replaced by 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 and 17.5% of CSM, respectively. Average egg production (quail day, %; quail house, %), egg weight (g), daily feed intake (g/bird), feed efficiency ratio (g feed/g egg) data indicated no significant differences among the treatments; while, blood haemoglobin levels (% g Hb) of 7th (15.0% CSM) and 8th (17.5% CSM) group were lower than the control (0% CSM) diet (p<0.05). This experiment indicated that 17.5% CSM could replace SM (providing 44% of SM protein) in practical diets of breeder Japanese quails without any significant impairment on laying performance.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2011

Objective: Diurnal preference is an attribute reflecting whether people are alert and preferring to be active either early or late in the day. It also referred to as chronotype or morningness-eveningness trait. The PER3 genes have been known to influence diurnal preference. In this study, we have investigated the associations between the PER3 gene polymorphisms and diurnal preference in a healthy young population, controlling for the social and environmental confounding factors. Methods: The participants in this experiment included 299 unrelated medical college students (M=191, F=108), with a mean age of 22.9 years. Diurnal preference was measured by a single administration of the 13-item Composite Scale for Morningness (CSM). Genotyping of the PER3 VNTR (rs57875989) was performed using polymerase chain reaction. A two-tailed alpha of 0.05 was chosen. Results: The mean${\pm}$SD score on the CSM scale for all subjects was 31.90${\pm}$6.39. There was no significant difference in total CSM score between gender groups, although females showed a trend towards higher morningness score. Although PER3 5R/5R showed the tendency towards high CSM scores, there were no significant differences on CSM scores among genotypes and allele status of PER3 VNTR (rs57875989). Conclusions: We could not confirm that the PER3 VNTR is associated with diurnal preference in a Korean healthy young population. The future studies need to investigate the association between diurnal preference and other polymorphisms of PER3 gene in larger sample of Korean young healthy population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.10
• /
• pp.1430-1438
• /
• 2012

The present experiment was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content, and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy in growing pigs fed diets containing one of ten cottonseed meals (CSM) collected from different provinces of China and to develop in vitro prediction equations for DE and ME content from chemical composition of the CSM samples. Twelve growing barrows with an initial body weight of $35.2{\pm}1.7$ kg were allotted to two $6{\times}6$ Latin square designs, with six barrows and six periods and six diets for each. A corn-dehulled soybean meal diet was used as the basal diet, and the other ten diets were formulated with corn, dehulled soybean meal and 19.20% CSM. The DE, ME and ATTD of gross energy among different CSM sources varied largely and ranged from 1,856 to 2,730 kcal/kg dry matter (DM), 1,778 to 2,534 kcal/kg DM, and 42.08 to 60.47%, respectively. Several chemical parameters were identified to predict the DE and ME values of CSM, and the accuracy of prediction models were also tested. The best fit equations were: DE, kcal/kg DM = 670.14+31.12 CP+659.15 EE with $R^2$ = 0.82, RSD = 172.02, p<0.05; and ME, kcal/kg DM = 843.98+25.03 CP+673.97 EE with $R^2$ = 0.84, RSD = 144.79, p<0.05. These results indicate that DE, ME values and ATTD of gross energy varied substantially among different CSM sources, and that some prediction equations can be applied to predict DE and ME in CSM with an acceptable accuracy.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.246-254
• /
• 2001

In this work, the stabilization of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber emulsion with surfactants, i.e., nonionic (Span 60) or anionic (Sodium laurylsulfate, SLS) surfactants, was investigated. The phase inversion emulsification by interfacial chemical characteristics was used to emulsify the CSM rubber. As a result, the emulsion phase separation was observed in the case of any single surfactant. However, there was no phase separation in the mixture of Span 60 and SLS in the context of emulsion droplet size tests and rheological behaviors. The droplet size decreases by increasing the surfactant mixture, resulting in increasing the viscosity. The viscosity and shear stress determined from shear rate show a shear thinning and yield behaviors. It was then found that the emulsion stabilization can be improved using the phase inversion emulsification method and surfactant mixture.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.164-171
• /
• 2013

Since plenty of spacecrafts were launched in space after 1957, the number of space debris has been increased. According to the JSpOC, the number of space debris which diameter is bigger than 10 cm are more than 22,000. Recently there were two critical events. Which one is that China shot down their satellite using missile and the other is that two satellite, Iridium and Cosmos 2251, collied. Space environment in low-earth orbit has been severe. JSpOC analyzes the collision risk between 15,000 space debris and all operation satellites and then they send CSM to the satellite operator to utilize its orbital information if collision risk might be occurred. This paper analyzes the CSM orbit data by comparing with KOMPSAT-2 precise orbit data and shows conjunction assessment results.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2014

In this paper, seismic fragility analysis of lightning arrester is performed using capacity spectrum method(CSM). Since seismic fragility analysis of structure with many structural members is required to calculate many inelastic responses for several tens or hundreds of ground motions, simple method such as CSM is more appropriate than response history analysis(RHA). In general, accuracy of seismic response evaluated by CSM is less than that by RHA. In order to increase accuracy of CSM, equivalent SDOF method and performance point calculation technique are applied to CSM. Seismic fragility method proposed by Shinozuka et al. is used. In order to evaluate site effect of ground motions on seismic fragility, 60 different site classification earthquakes are selected as input ground motions. From the seismic fragility curves of lightning arrester evaluated by CSM and RHA, it can be observed that the seismic fragility curves evaluated by CSM are very similar to those by RHA. Also, it can be observed that main seismic failure mode of lightning arrest is bushing breakage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.1339-1347
• /
• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase ($Natuphos^{(R)}$) supplementation in combination with carbohydrases (composed of enzymes targeted to soybean meal (SBM) dietary components such as $\alpha$-galactosides and galactomannans; $Endo-Power^{(R)}$) to corn-soybean meal based diet (CSD) and complex diet (CD) with a partial replacement of SBM with rape seed meal (RSM) and cotton seed meal (CSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 168 growing pigs averaging $13.18{\pm}1.77kg$ of initial body weight was arranged as a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with main effects of diet types (corn-SBM based diet (CSD) and complex diets (CD; 5% of SBM was replaced with 2.5% of RSM and 2.5% of CSM in diet for phase I (0 to 3 weeks) and 6% of SBM was replaced with 3% of RSM and 3% of CSM in diet for phase II (4 to 7 weeks))) and enzyme supplementation (none and 0.1% of phytase (500 FTU/kg diet) and 0.1% of carbohydrases). The diet with enzyme application were formulated to have a 0.18% unit lower aP than diets without enzyme application. Each treatment had three replicates with 14 pigs per replicate. To determine supplementation effect of phytase and carbohydrases on ileal amino acid digestibility of SBM, RSM and CSM, a total of 18 T-cannulated pigs (initial body weight; $13.52{\pm}1.24kg$) were assigned to six dietary treatments in the present study. Dietary treatments in metabolic trial included 1) SBM diet, 2) SBM diet+with enzymes (phytase (500 FTU/kg) and carbohydrases at 0.1%, respectively), 3) CSM diet, 4) CSM diet+enzymes, 5) RSM diet and 6) RSM diet+enzymes. During whole experimental period (0 to 7 wks), there was no difference in growth performance between diets (CSD and CD). However, dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved gain/feed ratio (G:F) of growing pigs. During the phase II (4-7 weeks), dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation significantly improved all fecal nutrient digestibilities (Dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)). Dietary phytase and carbohydrases supplementation improved significantly overall ileal amino acid digestibilities of SBM, RSM and CSM based diets (p<0.05). The simultaneous inclusion of phytase and carbohydrases in both of CSD and CD reduced feed cost per kg body weight gain (FCG). Also, results suggest that 2.5 to 3% of RSM and CSM, respectively, might be used as a protein source in growing pig diets without having an adverse effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility and simultaneous phytase and carbohydrases addition improves nutritional value of SBM, RSM and CSM by improving ileal amino acid digestibilities.