• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.14A no.7
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• pp.391-398
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• 2007

In this paper, we design a future mobile camera standard interface based on the MIPI CSI-2 and D-PHY specification. The proposed CSI-2 have the efficient multi-lane management layer, which the independent buffer on the each lane are merged into single buffer. This scheme can flexibly manage data on multi lanes though the number of supported lanes are mismatched in a camera processor transmitter and a host processor. The proposed CSI-2 & D-PHY are verified under test bench. We make an experiment on CSI-2 & D-PHY with FPGA type test-bed and implement them onto a mobile handset. The proposed CSI-2 & D-PHY module are used as both the bridge type and the future camera processor IP for SoC.

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• v.71 no.6
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• pp.447-452
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• 2018

Background: Cerebral state index (CSI) is an anesthesia depth monitor alternative to bispectral index (BIS). Published comparative studies have used propofol or sevoflurane. However, studies using desflurane have not been reported yet. Different volatile anesthetics have different electroencephalography signatures. The performance of CSI may be different in desflurane anesthesia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare CSI and BIS during desflurane anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients were recruited. Desflurane and remifentanil were used to maintain general anesthesia. BIS and CSI were recorded simultaneously every minute. End-tidal concentration of desflurane was maintained at 4% from the beginning of surgery for 5 minutes. Pairwise data of CSI and BIS were obtained five times at one-minute intervals. This process was repeated in the order of 6%, 8%, and 10%. Results: BIS and CSI were negatively correlated with the end-tidal concentration of desflurane with a similar degree of correlation (correlation coefficient BIS: -0.847, CSI: -0.844). The relationship between CSI and BIS had a good linearity with a slope close to 1 ($R^2=0.905$, slope = 1.01). For the relationship between CSI and BIS at each end-tidal concentration of desflurane, CSI and BIS showed good linearity in 4% and 10% ($R^2=0.559$, 0.540). However, the linearity and slope were decreased in 6% and 8% ($R^2=0.163$, 0.014). Conclusions: CSI showed an equivalent degree of overall performance compared to BIS in desflurane anesthesia. Accounting for previous literature, CSI can be used as a good substitute for BIS regardless of the kind of anesthetics used.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.228-243
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• 2022

Purpose: The study aimed to translate the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI 32) into Korean, to evaluate the reliability and validity of CSI 32 and short-form (CSI 16, 4) in the Korean context, and to determine a cut-off score for Korean couples. Methods: Korean Versions of the Couple Satisfaction Index (K-CSI) 32 was translated, back-translated, and reviewed by five bilingual experts. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with data from a sample of 218 couples (N = 436) to test construct validity. Validity and reliability were evaluated. The receiver's operating characteristics curve analysis was used to obtain the cut-off score. Results: The construct validities of K-CSI 32, 16, and 4 were verified using one-factor structures. The results of CFA showed a slightly better fit for K-CSI 16 and 4 than for K-CSI 32. Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations of K-CSI with Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Family Relationship Assessment Scale. Moreover, the significant differences in K-CSI between normal and depressive group demonstrated known-group validity. Cut-off scores of 105.5 on K-CSI 32, 50.25 on K-CSI 16, and 13.25 on K-CSI 4 were validated to identify distressed couple relationships. Conclusion: For clinical practice, the reliable and valid K-CSI 32 has the potential to measure changes in couple satisfaction after couple therapy or interventions. Applying K-CSI 32 may facilitate research on couple and family relationships in nursing and contribute to the discussion on the role of couple satisfaction in mental health.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2011

In interference tolerance based spectrum sharing systems, primary receivers (PRs) are protected by a predefined peak or average interference power constraint. To implement such systems, cognitive radio (CR) transmitters are required to adjust their transmit power so that the interference power received at the PR receivers is kept below the threshold value. Hence, a CR-transmitter requires knowledge of its channel and the primary receiver in order to allocate the transmit power. In practice, it is impossible or very difficult for a CR transmitter to have perfect knowledge of this channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we investigate the impact of imperfect knowledge of this CSI on the performances of both a primary and cognitive radio network. For fixed transmit power, average interference power (AIP) constraint can be maintained through knowledge of the channel distribution information. To maintain the peak interference power (PIP) constraint, on the other hand, the CR-transmitter requires the instantaneous CSI of its channel with the primary receiver. First, we show that, compared to the PIP constraint with perfect CSI, the AIP constraint is advantageous for primary users but not for CR users. Then, we consider a PIP constraint with imperfect CSI at the CR-transmitter. We show that inaccuracy in CSI reduces the interference at the PR-receivers that is caused by the CR-transmitter. Consequently the proposed schemes improve the capacity of the primary links. Contrarily, the capacities of the CR links significantly degrade due to the inaccuracy in CSI.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the ventilatory volume and airway pressure using Oxylator EM-100, MicroVenT CSI-3000, OXY-LIFE II. The data were obtained from February 13 in 2017 andanalyzed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. The results of theventilatory volume showed the Oxylator EM-100 551.44 ml (${\pm}18.70$), MicroVenT CSI-3000 527.26 ml (${\pm}17.98$), and OXY-LIFE II 369.46 ml (${\pm}12.30$). The airway pressure showed the Oxylator EM-100 $11.89cmH_2O$ (${\pm}.41$), MicroVenT CSI-3000 $11.66cmH_2O$ (${\pm}.34$), and OXY-LIFE II $8.02cmH_2O$ (${\pm}.25$). This study will provide the basic data for an appropriate ventilation method by an oxygen supply device including Oxylator EM-100, MicroVenT CSI-3000, and OXY-LIFE II.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.239.2-240
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• 2003

We have recently described the novel synthetic method for N-protected amines from various ethers using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate(CSI) and found that the mechanism of our CSI reaction is a competitive reaction of SN1 and SNi mechanism according to the stability of carbocation intermediate. Forthermore. we developed the regioselective and diastereoselective one-pot synthetic method for 1,2-amino alcohol, through the reaction of di-and tribenzyl thers with CSI, and invetigated its mechanism. (omitted)

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2001

Current Source Inverter(CSI), operated in square wave mode, is more efficient thant the PWM CSI because of increased cost, greater complexity of control algorithm and substantial switching losses, EMI. But, the square wave output current of CSI, rich in low order harmonics produce motor torque ripples. Therefore, in this paper, describes active power filters for compensating square wave input current of current source induction motor. Also, notch filtering as compensation algorithm is employed. To confirm the validity of proposed system, PSIM simulation results are presented and discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.12A
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• pp.1182-1188
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• 2006

Adaptive OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) improves data capacity and system performance over multipath fading by adaptively changing modulation schemes according to channel state information(CSI). To achieve a good performance in adaptive OFDM systems, CSI should be transmitted from receiver to transmitter in real time through feedback channel. However, practically, the CSI feedback delay d which is the sum of the data processing delay and the propagation delay is not negligible and damages to the reliability of CSI such that the performance of adaptive OFDM is degraded. This paper presents an adaptive OFDM system with a multistep predictor on the frequency axis to effectively compensate the multiple feedback delays $d(\geq2)$. Via computer simulation we compare the proposed scheme and existing adaptive OFDM schemes with respect to data capacity and system performance.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.262-269
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• 2012

Hybrid-ARQ and opportunistic relaying are the widely used schemes for obtaining diversity gain in wireless communications. In opportunistic relaying, channel state information(CSI) between relays and destination is required to select the best relay. But if the destination moves very fast, the CSI becomes outdated. In this paper, performance of hybrid-ARQ based opportunistic relaying with outdated CSI is analyzed in outage probability and throughput perspective. The analysis is verified by computer simulations.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.142-152
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• 2024

Objective: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess and compare the accuracy of 3 different Invisalign^® treatment regimens in terms of variations of aligner change frequency and type of aligner material in achieving maxillary dental buccal expansion. Methods: Altogether, 120 adult patients whose treatment involved maxillary dental expansion with Invisalign^® were included. The patients were divided into 3 groups, with each group comprising 40 patients as follows: SmartTrack^® 1-week changes (ST1), SmartTrack^® 2-week changes (ST2), and EX30^® 2-week changes (EX2). The groups were assessed by comparing actual changes achieved with those prescribed by ClinCheck^®. The rates of clinically significant inaccuracies (CSI) observed for buccal expansion (≥ 0.5 mm) and buccolingual inclination (≥ 2°) during expansion were then determined. Results: In terms of expansion, the ST1 group demonstrated the highest CSI rate at all tooth levels, whereas the ST2 group had the lowest rate of CSI and the lowest mean inaccuracy for each tooth level. In terms of buccolingual inclination, the ST1 group had the highest CSI rate across all tooth levels, whereas the EX2 group had the lowest CSI rate at all tooth levels except for the canine level where the ST2 group had the lowest CSI rate. A tendency toward overexpression of buccal crown inclination, and underexpression of buccal expansion was observed at all tooth levels. Conclusions: Two-week aligner change regimens offer improved accuracy compared with 1-week aligner changes. SmartTrack^® 2-week changes were the most accurate for buccal expansion, whereas EX30^® 2-week changes were the most accurate for buccolingual inclination.