• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2014

It has been focused on that the major reasons of aircraft accidents resulted not from human error but from the failure of teamwork or communication in 1980's. Such opinions were suggested in the workshop, so called, "Resource Management on the Flight Deck" by NASA in 1979. The researchers agreed the fact the source of human error was originated from the failure in teamwork, communication or even in leadership of captain. Due to the rapid development of aircraft technologies, the reasons for aircraft accident could be easily found out. According to the analysis results of the technology, most of reasons for the accident might directly be connected not to human error or stick-Rudder skill but to situational awareness, communication, leadership or decision making in the aircraft. This paper has tried to research empirically the satisfaction of flight crews who have gone thorugh CRM training in the commercial airline. Based on the quantitative scale by J. Ford et al. (2014), this paper has proved which characteristics of CRM training has a positive impact on the overall satisfaction of CRM training. It was proven that the teamwork and decision making programs among CRM training have a major effect to the satisfaction level of flight crews.

• 산업공학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.104-115
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• 2009

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training program for operators in the Main Control Room (MCR) simulator of APR-1400 Nuclear Power Plant. The experiments were conducted for two different crews of operators performing six different emergency operating scenarios during four-week period. Each crew consisted of the five operators: senior reactor operator, safety technical advisor, reactor operator, turbine operator, and electric operator. All crews (Crew A and B) participated in the training program for the technical knowledge and skills which were required to operate the simulator of the MCR during the first week. To verify the effectiveness of the CRM training program; however, only Crew A was selected to attend the CRM training after the technical knowledge and skills training. The results of the experiments showed that the CRM training program improved the individual attitudes of Crew A significantly. Team skills of Crew A were found to be significantly better than those of Crew B. The CRM training did not have positive effects on enhancing the individual performance of Crew A; however, as compared to that of Crew B. Implication of these findings was discussed further in detail.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2009

The Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) industry in Korea has been making efforts to reduce the human errors which have largely contributed to about 150 nuclear reactor trips since 2001. Recently, the Crew Resource Management(CRM) training has risen as an alternative countermeasure against the nuclear reactor trips caused by human errors. The effectiveness of CRM training in NPP industry, however, has not been proven to be significant yet. In this study a return on investment(ROI) model is developed to measure the effectiveness of CRM training for the operators in Korean NPP. The model consists of mathematical expressions including multiple variables affecting the CRM training impacts and nuclear reactor trips. Implication of the model is discussed further in detail.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2013

Rotorcraft operating in the domestic aviation safety techniques are applied CRM training is conducted but, aircraft accidents caused by human factors has not shown a declining trend. Thus, knowledge of aviation safety and human factors for the spread of awareness of improved rotorcraft flight operations department managers to understand the complexity of nature and culture, and to perform high-risk mission helicopter pilot study of local activation and enhance safety awareness research was conducted in order to. In this study, the development direction of CRM training studies in order to identify the leading NOTECHS (Non-Technical Skills; non-technical pilot skills) of the four categories as the independent variable and the dependent variable corresponding to the resulting effect on the key variables awareness of the differences were studied. In addition, the direction and strength of the relationship were analyzed to determine the relationship of each independent variable to assess the impact on the dependent variable regression analysis was performed. Pilot training and evaluation of non-technical skills related to the teaching reflected in the CRM training and assessment must be carried out with 5 star rating scale was preferred. Therefore, to meet our country rotorcraft operating environment 'NOTECHS' aviation safety by developing training programs reflected in the educational process, implementation, and periodic training and assessment is done in future research on this analysis and feedback is done to reflect the specific performance expect.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2009

The nuclear power industry in the world has recognized the importance of integrating non-technical and team skills training with the technical training given to its control room operators to reduce human errors since the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. The Nuclear power plant (NPP) industry in Korea has been also making efforts to reduce the human errors which largely have contributed to 120 nuclear reactor trips from the year 2001 to 2006. The Crew Resource Management (CRM) training was one of the efforts to reduce the human errors in the nuclear power industry. The CRM was developed as a response to new insights into the causes of aircraft accidents which followed from the introduction of flight recorders and cockpit voice recorders into modern jet aircraft. The CRM first became widely used in the commercial airline industry, but military aviation, shipboard crews, medical and surgical teams, offshore oil crews, and other high-consequence, high-risk, time-critical industry teams soon followed. This study aims to develop a CRM training program that helps to improve plant performance by reducing the number of reactor trips caused by the operators' errors in Korean NPP. The program is; firstly, based on the work we conducted to develop a human factors training from the applications to the Nuclear Power Plant; secondly, based on a number of guidelines from the current practicable literature; thirdly, focused on team skills, such as leadership, situational awareness, teamwork, and communication, which have been widely known to be critical for improving the operational performance and reducing human errors in Korean NPPs; lastly, similar to the event-based training approach that many researchers have applied in other domains: aircraft, medical operations, railroads, and offshore oilrigs. We conducted an experiment to test effectiveness of the CRM training program in a condition of simulated control room also. We found that the program made the operators' attitudes and behaviors be improved positively from the experimental results. The more implications of the finding were discussed further in detail.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2020

Flight safety in modern commercial aircraft depends on the ability of pilots to manage overall flight operations. ICAO has made it mandatory for airlines to adhere to Crew Resource Management(CRM) policies to reduce operational safety threats. CRM is a set of techniques designed to effectively manage the human resources, aircraft, and environmental factors in order to promote safety and enhance efficient air operations. When looking at the career backgrounds of new pilots joining the Republic of Korea's commercial airlines, discharged military fighter pilots represent the largest demographic. Fighter pilots are experienced in empowering leadership and directive leadership from their military training and culture. New commercial airline pilots with military fighter pilot training should effectively acquire the required civil aviation CRM skills. The present study has been carried out to determine how the leadership experience of this demographic affects the acquisition of CRM skills for commercial airlines, and it confirms that there is a positive correlation.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

Organizational culture among flight crews has a profound impact on the individual attitude and behavior of member flight crews, and active training is conducted focusing on improving flight crews' Crew Resource Management(CRM) performance. However, adequate research and training on the relationships between flight crew's individual culture and CRM performance have not been conducted. Hence, this study examined the effect of individual cultural values on CRM performance and the moderation effect of psychological safety, with captains and first officers working for commercial airlines as participants. For the factors related to individual cultural value scale, power distance had no significant effect on CRM performance, uncertainty avoidance had a significant negative effect, and individualism had a significant positive effect. With regard to the moderation effect of psychological safety on the relationships between individual cultural values and CRM performance, a significant interaction was found between power distance and CRM performance, but not between uncertainty avoidance and CRM performance, or between individualism and CRM performance. Power distance and CRM performance exhibited a strong negative correlation in case of low psychological safety. Compared to existing research measuring the cultural characteristics of pilot groups on a national or organizational culture level, this study is uniquely valuable in that it also covers the relationship between individual cultural values of commercial airline flight crews and CRM performance.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 호텔기업의 서비스지향성이 경쟁우위와 CRM성과에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 수도권 소재의 특급호텔을 중심으로 현장에서 서비스를 제공하는 직원들을 대상으로 설문조사하여 최종표본 379매를 가지고 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 서비스지향성 요인인 종업원의 권한, 서비스훈련, 서비스보상 등은 경쟁우위에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 경쟁우위를 결정하는 가장 중요한 요인은 서비스보상, 서비스훈련, 종업원의 권한 순으로 나타났다. 이는 호텔기업에 종사하는 종업원들이 명확한 보상시스템이 없이는 자발적 서비스행동과 서비스품질제공이 쉽지 않다는 것을 의미한다. 이는 서비스훈련 프로그램을 만드는 시점에서 훈련당사자인 종업원들의 참여와 기대되는 보상수준 정도를 사전협의하고 공개하는 것이 경쟁우위확보를 위해 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 경쟁우위 확보는 고객과의 결속관계, 기업이미지, 고객충성도인 CRM성과에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 이것은 기존 연구에서 주로 밝힌 서비스지향성이 재무적 성과에 영향을 준다는 것 외에 정성적인 CRM성과에도 영향을 주고 있음을 확인한 것이다. 이를 위해 호텔기업은 정량적 재무성과 이외에도 고객 개개인의 정성적인 부분에 관심을 기울여야 하고 경쟁우위 확보를 위한 전략구축이 필요하다는 것을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2001

The objective of this study focuses on impacts of stress affecting CRM skills. According to KMOCT Report(1990-1999), aviation accident results in Korea imply that the crew is the primary cause in over 72.7% of accidents. So, CRM continues to receive increasing attention throughout the aviation community to prevent and decrease accidents caused by human factors. In addtion, developing and implementing CRM skills has been a formal part of aviation training. Stress may have a critical impact on the way a pilot assesses decision information, the way they make a decision, and the way they carry that decision through to completion.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2023

항공사에서는 보다 효과적인 교육훈련을 실시하고자 실무와 연계한 훈련 프로그램을 도입하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 항공사들은 항공 인력의 실무 역량 강화 및 안전 문화 증진을 위해 증거 기반 훈련(EBT)을 시행해 오고 있다. 항공사들은 효과적인 EBT 모델 개발을 위해 운항 데이터 및 사례 연구를 분석하여 항공 인력의 역량 및 실무 능력을 체계적으로 평가할 수 있다. 또한 승무원 자원 관리(CRM)와 같은 기술적 방법 및 인적 요인을 포함하는 전체적인 접근법을 적용하여 EBT 모델을 구성할 수 있다. EBT 도입으로 인해 항공사들은 조종사의 실무 업무에 대한 진단 및 피드백 시스템을 구축하게 되며 개인 맞춤형 교육을 제공할 수 있고 교육 성과를 거쳐 교육 효과를 검증하는 교육훈련 체계를 확립하게 된다.