• 한국산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2002

이 논문에서 개별 관측치를 이용한 Shewhart 관리도와 CRL 관리도로 이루어지는 수정된 합성 관리도를 구성한다. Shewhart X 관리도를 적용하여 관리한계선을 벗어나지 않으면 CRL 관리도를 적용하여 한 번 더 공정의 이상유무를 판단하는 2중 감지 공정관리기법을 고려한다. 합성 관리도에서 공정변화를 지적하는 감지력으로 평균 런의 길이()를 이용한다. 논문에서 제안된 수정된 합성 관리도는 We와 Spedding(2000a)이 제안한 합성 관리도와 Shewhart X 관리도보다 우수하며, EWM 관리도와는 성능면에서 매우 유사하다. 또한 공정변화가 0.75$\sigma$보다 클 때는 수정된 합성 관리도가 우수하다는 것을 확인할수 있다. 제시된 X-CRL 관리도를 평가하기 위해 조건부 확률을 계산하여 기존의 관리도와 비교한다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1989

This study was undertaken to obtain basic data of the sternal development in Korean native cattle from the earliest sternal formation to the ossification using histological and histochemical methods. Thrity three sterna were collected from a series of embryos and fetuses ranging from 11 to 225mm (estimated age 37~120days) in crown rump length. The bilateral sternal bars were observed in the 2nd group(CRL 21~3mm) of Korean cattle embryos. Those bars initiated to be fused in the 3rd group (CRL 31~4mm) and completed in the 7th group(CRL 71~80mm). The ossification centers were detected in the 8th group(CRL 81~90mm) also bilateral ossification centers were found in the same group. The typical epiphyseal plates, endochondral bone and calcium deposit were found in the 9th group(CRL 91~100mm). Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and myeloid cells appeared in ossification centers in the 10th group(more than CRL 101mm). The alcianophility responded markedly in the 9th group that was decreased and showed slightly positive reaction in territorial matrix of the 10th group. Marked positive reaction to PAS was observed in bony trabeculae in the 10th group. The positive reaction to calcium deposit by trichrome stain was observed initially in the hypertrophied zone of epiphyseal plate in the 9th group and was conspicuous in the calcified zone of epiphyseal plate in the 10th group. The 1st positive reaction to the von Kossa stain was observed in the 9th group.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.691-697
• /
• 1996

천연고무 라텍스(NRL)와 각종 첨가제를 배합 숙성하여 NR 필름을 제조하였고, 클로로프렌고무 라텍스 (CRL)를 일정한 비율로 블렌드하여 NR/CR 필름을 제조하였다. 이들 필름의 전가류 시간에 따른 팽윤도와 기계적 성질의 변화를 측정한 결과, 팽윤도 80~85%, 전가류 시간 48~60hrs등에서 가장 우수하였고, CRL의 블렌드 비율이 증가함에 따라 인장강도는 감소하고 신장율은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 제조공정을 달리하여 제조한 시편의 기계적특성을 비교한 결과, 1회 디핑법을 사용한 NR/CR 필름의 인장강도, 인열강도는 2회 디핑한 NR-d-CR 필름보다 더 우수하였다. 이들 시편의 표면을 SEM으로 관찰한 결과, CRL의 블렌드 비율이 증가할수록 필름 표면의 벌크한 집합체가 증가되는 것으로 보아 상분리가 일어났음을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권11호
• /
• pp.833-840
• /
• 2014

Cullin4-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4) is a family of multi-subunit E3 ligases. To investigate the possible involvement of CRL4 in heat stress response, we screened T-DNA insertion mutants of putative CRL4 substrate receptors that exhibited altered patterns in response to heat stress. One of the mutants exhibited heat stress tolerance and was named heat stress tolerant DWD1 (htd1). Introduction of HTD1 gene into htd1-1 led to recovery of heat sensitivity to the wild type level, confirming that the decrease of HTD1 transcripts resulted in heat tolerance. Therefore, HTD1 plays a negative role in thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. Additionally, HTD1 directly interacted with DDB1a in yeast two-hybrid assays and associated with DDB1b in vivo, supporting that it could be a part of a CRL4 complex. Various heat-inducible genes such as HSP14.7, HSP21, At2g03020 and WRKY28 were hyper-induced in htd1-1, indicating that HTD1 could function as a negative regulator for the expression of such genes and that these genes might contribute to thermotolerance of htd1-1, at least in part. HTD1 was associated with HSP90-1, a crucial regulator of thermotolerance, in vivo, even though the decrease of HTD1 did not affect the accumulation pattern of HSP90-1 in Arabidopsis. These findings indicate that a negative role of HTD1 in thermotolerance might be achieved through its association with HSP90-1, possibly by disturbing the action of HSP90-1, not by the degradation of HSP90-1. This study will serve as an important step toward understanding of the functional connection between CRL4-mediated processes and plant heat stress signaling.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.209-212
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to establish the early pregnancy diagnosis with evaluation of size of embryonic vesicles and change of crown-rump length (CRL) by transrectal ultrasonography in the Korean black goats. Early pregnancy diagnosis was performed in the 114 goats from 19 to 35 days after coitus by transrectal 5.0 MHz transducer. Embryonic vesicles and CRL in the 142 goats from 19 to 42 days was measured to establish the correlation between gestational age and these parameters. The early pregnancy diagnosis achieved 80% accuracy after days 25 and 100% accuracy after days 28 after breeding. Diameters of embryonic vesicle and CRL were significantly increased with the gestational age. In these facts, early pregnancy diagnosis is possible on Days 25 after breeding and measurement of embryonic vesicles and CRL were useful to predict the gestational age in Korean black goat.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2002

The human complement receptor type 1 (CR 1, C3 b/C4b receptor) is a polymorphic membrane glycoprotein expressed on human erythrocytes, peripheral leukocytes, plasma and renal glomerular podocytes, which consists of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains with 30 repeating homologous protein domains known as short consensus repeats (SCR). CR1 has been used as an inhibitor for inflammatory and immune system for the past several years. Recently; it is reported that CRl was found to suppress the hyper-acute rejection in xeno-transplantation and can be used to cure autoimmune diseases. A soluble form of CRl, called sCRl, is a recombinant CRl by cleaving the transmembrane domain at C-terminus and has been expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Several purification methods for sCR1 from CHO cells have been reported, but most of them require complicated steps at high cost. Moreover, such methods are mostly performed under the pH condition apt to denaturing sCR1 and causes sCRl losing its activity. We here report a rapid and efficient method to purify sCR1 from CHO cell. The new method consists of a two-stage of cell culture by cultivating cells in serum medium followed by serum-free medium, and a two-stage of column purification by means of heparin and gel filtration column chromatography. By using this novel method, sCR1 can be purified in a simple and effective way with high yield and purity, furthermore, the purified sCR1 was confirmed to retain its activity to suppress the complement activation in vivo and ex vivo.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.268-275
• /
• 2012

Reference ranges of standard experimental parameters are useful for comparisons in toxicology. The aim of this study was to collect data from 4-week repeated toxicity studies in Crl:CD (SD) rats, a strain widely used for toxicity and efficacy research, for establishing domestic reference values. Data on body weight, food consumption; urinalysis, hematological, and blood biochemical parameters; and organ weights were collected from 16 toxicity studies in 220 Crl:CD (SD) rats (110 males and 110 females). The studies had been performed at a single testing facility over the last 3 years and involved animals sourced from a single breeder. The findings were collated as means, standard deviations, percentages, and ranges. Urine volume, uterus weight, eosinophil, and basophil counts, and triglyceride, total bilirubin, and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase levels showed standard deviations of 30% or more. These historical control data would help to interpret the effects of test substances in routine toxicity and efficacy studies.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.1161-1167
• /
• 1999

To investigate the effect of diazepam on fetal development in pregnant rats, this experiment was performed in eighty Sprague-Dawley female rats which were 8 weeks old and grouped into two according to different diazepam treatment period during 5-9 days of gestation and 10-14 days of gestation. Both experimental groups were included by saline treated groups (control) and diazepam-treated groups (6mg, 12mg and 24mg), respectively. Diazepam was injected to pregnant rats subcutaneously, which were sacrified on 20 days of gestation and mean litter size, fetal body weight, fetal crown-rump length (CRL) and pathological findings were examined. 1. Concerning mean litter size, diazepam-treated groups showed lower mean litter size than control in both 5-9 days and 10-14 days of gestation groups(p < 0.05) without difference according to dosage of diazepam and day of gestation. 2. Concerning fetal body weight, diazepam-treated groups during 5-9 days of gestation showed lower fetal body weight than control and the other treated group during 10-14 days(p < 0.01) without difference according to dosage of diazepam. Diazepam-treated group during 10-14 days of gestation showed no difference among experimented groups. 3. Concerning fetal crown-rump length (CRL), diazepam-treated groups during 5-9 days of gestation showed shorter CRL than control and the other treated group during 10-14 days of gestation(p < 0.01) without difference according to dosage of diazepam. 4. Reduction of mean litter size, fetal body weight and CRL was shown from when treated by the dosage of 6mg/kg of diazepam. 5. Maternal mortality according to dosage of the 20mg/kg of diazepam were 30% and 20% in the treated group during 5-9 days and 10-14 days of gestation, respectively. These results indicated that diazepam treatment in pregnant rats caused considerable reduction of mean litter size, fetal body weight and fetal crown-rump length when treated during 5-9 days of gestation.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제53권9호
• /
• pp.484-489
• /
• 2020

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by unpredictable seizures, which are bursts of electrical activity that temporarily affect the brain. Cereblon (CRBN), a DCAFs (DDB1 and CUL4-associated factors), is a well-established protein associated with human mental retardation. Being a substrate receptor of the cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) 4 complex, CRBN mediates ubiquitination of several substrates and conducts multiple biological processes. In the central nervous system, the large-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ (BK_Ca) channel, which is the substrate of CRBN, is an important regulator of epilepsy. Despite the functional role and importance of CRBN in the brain, direct injection of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to induce seizures in CRBN knock-out mice has not been challenged. In this study, we investigated the effect of PTZ in CRBN knock-out mice. Here, we demonstrate that, compared with WT mice, CRBN knock-out mice do not show the intensification of seizures by PTZ induction. Moreover, electroencephalography recordings were also performed in the brains of both WT and CRBN knockout mice to identify the absence of significant differences in the pattern of seizure activities. Consistently, immunoblot analysis for validating the protein level of the CRL4 complex containing CRBN (CRL4^Crbn) in the mouse brain was carried out. Taken together, we found that the deficiency of CRBN does not affect PTZ-induced seizure.

• 정보관리연구
• /
• 제32권3_4호
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2001

전문도서관이 당면한 문제는 변화하는 출판 및 도서관 환경 속에서 제한된 자원으로 이용자의 다양한 요구를 만족시키기가 더욱 어려워지고 있다는 점이다. 최근 인터넷과 정보기술의 발달 그리고 전자자원의 증가는 자료의 확인과 전달 시스템의 향상 등 공동수서의 기술적인 기반을 제공해 주었다. 본 논문은 전문도서관 공동수서의 배경과 방법을 CRL, OhioLINK, RLG Conspectus, TRLN 등의 사례들을 중심으로 살펴보고, 효과적인 공동수서를 위한 과제와 전략을 제시하였다.