• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2021

Purpose: To determine the extent of environmental contamination and the effect of disinfection around patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements and microbial culture tests. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 patients hospitalized in a single room due to CRE from April 13 to 21, 2021. One hundred and sixty samples were collected using cotton swabs from the patients' environment including the surface and drain of sinks and toilet seats before and after disinfection of the room after discharge. Twenty-one samples were collected from the nurses' personal digital assistants (PDAs), keyboards, and computer mice before disinfection. The relative light units (RLUs) and CRE colony-forming units (CFU) of 181 samples were measured using ATP test equipment and chrome agar plates, respectively. Results: The highest RLUs were measured at the sink drains before and after disinfection. Four CRE samples from the sink drains (2), sink surface (1), and toilet bowl (1) before disinfection were cultured. Based on the failure criteria (≥ 250 RLU/cm² and ≥ 1 CFU/100 cm²), 90 % and 50 % of the samples from the drain exceeded the failure criteria before and after disinfection, respectively. In the culture tests, CRE was not detected after disinfection. Conclusion: According to the RLU and CFU measurements of drain samples, disinfection was not effective. Thus, improvements in the disinfection methods of drains, as well as more efficient and systematic environmental decontamination and disinfection evaluation tools, are needed to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection in various places.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.113-128
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 현재 우리나라에서 강조하고 있는 창의 인성 교육의 한 방안으로 과학과 관련된 사회적 윤리적 문제(SSI)의 도입을 제안하고자 하였다. 이에, 서울 및 경기지역에 위치한 30명의 중고등학교 과학교사들과 개별 면담을 진행하여, 그들의 창의 인성 교육에 대한 인식과 SSI를 통한 창의 인성 교육의 실현 가능성에 대한 의견을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 연구 참여 교사들이 생각하는 창의성과 인성의 관계, 그리고 SSI를 통한 창의 인성교육의 실현 가능성에 대한 인식은 크게 4가지 유형(A-D 유형)으로 나뉘었다. A 유형의 교사들은 창의성과 인성의 여러 요소들을 폭넓게 이해하고 있었으며, 두 개념이 서로 정적 상관관계가 있다고 응답하였다. 이들은 SSI를 통한 창의 인성교육의 실현 가능성에 대해서도 매우 긍정적이었다. B 유형의 교사들도 창의성과 인성의 요소들을 폭넓게 이해하고 있었으나, 두 개념이 서로 부적 상관관계에 있다고 보았다. 그러나 SSI의 도입이 창의성과 인성을 동시에 함양할 수 있는 방안이 될 수 있겠다는 긍정적인 반응을 보였다. C 유형의 교사들은 창의성과 인성은 서로 상관이 없다고 응답하였다. 또한 창의성의 경우 여러 하위 요소들을 모두 언급하였지만 인성의 경우는 인간관계덕목에 한정하여 이해하고 있었다. 이들은 SSI의 도입에 대해 긍정적 입장을 취했으나, 그 효과에 있어서도 인성판단력 등 인성 요소 함양은 고려하지 않는 경향을 보였다. D 유형의 교사들도 창의성과 인성이 서로 상관이 없다고 응답하였으며, 창의성과 인성을 모두 좁은 의미로 이해하고 있어 SSI를 통한 창의성 및 인성의 신장에 대해서도 회의적인 태도를 보였다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 대부분의 연구 참여자들이 SSI를 활용한 창의 인성 교육의 가능성에 대해 긍정적인 의견을 보였으며, 이는 그들의 인식하고 있는 창의 인성 개념과 관련됨을 밝혔다. 따라서 SSI 도입을 통한 창의 인성 교육을 효과적으로 실현하기 위해서는 교사들이 창의성과 인성에 대한 개념을 현재 그리고 미래 과학기술 사회에서 요구되는 더 넓은 창의 인성으로 재개념화 할 필요가 있겠다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.585-592
• /
• 2021

Cisplatin has been reported to cause side effects such as muscle wasting in humans and rodents. The physiological mechanisms involved in preventing muscle wasting, such as the regulation of AKT, PGC1-α, and autophagy-related factor FOXO3a by MuRF 1 and Atrogin-1, remain unclear following different types of exercise and in various skeletal muscle types. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 34) were assigned to one of four groups: control (CON, n = 6), cisplatin injection (1 mg/kg) without exercise (CC, n = 8), cisplatin (1 mg/kg) + resistance exercise (CRE, n = 9) group, and cisplatin (1 mg/kg) + aerobic exercise (CAE, n = 11). The CRE group performed progressive ladder exercise (starting with 10% of body weight on a 1-m ladder with 2-cm-interval grids, at 85°) for 8 weeks. The CAE group exercised by treadmill running (20 m/min for 60 min daily, 4 times/week) for 8 weeks. Compared with the CC group, the levels of the autophagy-related factors BNIP3, Beclin 1, LC3-II/I ratio, p62, and FOXO3a in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were significantly decreased in the CRE and CAE groups. The CRE and CAE groups further showed significantly decreased MuRF 1 and Atrogin-1 levels and increased phosphorylation of AKT, FOXO3a, and PGC1-α. These results suggest that both ladder and aerobic exercise directly affected muscle wasting by modulating the AKT/PGC1-α/FOXO3a signaling pathways regardless of the skeletal muscle type.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.18-27
• /
• 2020

카바페넴내성장내세균속균종(carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, CRE)과 카바페넴분해효소 생성 장내세균과(carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, CPE)의 정확한 구분과 CPE의 빠른 탐지는 임상 감염의 치료 및 관리에 중요하다. 선별방법은 주로 선택적 배지에서의 직장 면봉 표본 배양 후 카바페넴분해 효소의 활성도, 신속한 카바페넴의 불활성화 방법, 측방유동면역분석(lateral flow immunoassay, LFI), 메트릭스보조레이저 탈착/이온화이온사이클론 공명 질량분석법(matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS)을 통해 표현형을 측정하는 분자기반 방법들이다. CRE, 특히 CPE의 적절한 시기에 정확한 탐지는 감염의 임상 치료 및 예방에 필수적이다. 다양한 표현형 검출방법 및 유전자-기반 검출방법이 카바페넴의 신속한 검출을 위해 이용 가능하며, 이들은 임상 미생물학 실험실에서 일상적으로 사용된다. 신속한 처리 시간으로 현장에서 치료를 위한 검사 방법을 사용하는 CRE에 대한 능동적인 감시활동에서 카바페넴분해효소를 생성하는 CRE의 탐지는 중요한 가치를 갖는다. 따라서 카바페넴분해효소의 확산을 통제하기 위해서는 전세계의 많은 검사실에서 신뢰할 수 있고 신속하고 고효율적이며, 간편하고 저비용의 검사법을 사용해야 할 것이다. 환자의 적용에서도 최적의 효과를 가지려면 CRE에 대한 신속한 검사를 통해 항균제의 관리 개입이나 다양한 형태의 임상 의사의 치료에 결정적인 지원을 재현성있게 나타나야 할 것이다. 최적의 검사법을 위해서는 보완되는 검사법을 결합하여 다양한 내성 박테리아 종을 감별하고 다양한 종류의 카바페넴분해효소의 유전적 다양성을 발굴하여 최상의 감염관리 전략을 포괄하는 시스템이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 2021

Objective: Chronic reflux esophagitis (CRE), characterized by esophageal mucosa ulcer, is caused by continuous backflow of gastric acid and consequent inflammation due to unstable gastroesophageal sphincter. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of an Arecae Semen and Coptidis Rhizoma mixture (AC-mix) on CRE. Methods: CRE was surgically induced in SD rats with three experimental groups used: normal; CRE control; and CRE treatment (200 mg/kg AC-mix). Blood and esophageal tissue were collected after two weeks of drug administration. The anti-oxidant activity of the AC-mix was measured by total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents as well as by radical scavenging activity with protein levels evaluated using western blotting. Results: CRE damage to the esophageal mucosa was significantly reduced in the AC-mix group as compared with the controls, and administration of the AC-mix was seen to inhibit NF-κBp65 activity. Consequently, the inactivation of NF-κBp65 significantly inhibited inflammatory mediators such as COX-2 and iNOS. Moreover, the anti-oxidant enzyme HO-1 significantly increased through activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which can break down collagen from the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, was decreased following AC-mix treatment, and elevated levels of MMP-2 were regulated by its tissue inhibitor. Conclusions: These results show that AC-mix can alleviate esophageal mucosa ulcer though inhibition of the NF-κBp65 inflammatory pathway and enhancement of the anti-oxidant Nrf2-Keap1 pathway.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2019

Objective : Chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE), one of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing worldwide. Coptidis rhizoma extract (CRE) is a traditional herb that cures a variety of diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of CR on rats with chronic acid reflux esophagitis. Methods : The antioxidant activities were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. CARE was surgically induced in 5-week-old male SD rats by ligating the border between forestomach and glandular portion with a 2-0 silk tie and covering the duodenum using 18-Fr $N{\acute{e}}laton$ catheter. To evaluate the esophageal protective effect of CRE, rats were divided into 3 groups: Nor (normal rats), Veh (chronic acid reflux esophagitis induced rats), CR (chronic acid reflux esophagitis induced rats treated with CRE 200 mg/kg body weight). Results : The administration of CRE significantly prevented the mucosal injury of the esophagus tissue and histological findings improved the esophageal lesion. It has been shown that inflammation is prevented by the increase of antioxidant-related factors (Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD, catalase, and GPx-1/2) through the antioxidant pathway of esophageal tissue. The administration of CRE reduced the increase of serum peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) and markedly reduced the protein expression of inflammatory mediator such as $NF-{\kappa}Bp65$, $p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, iNOS, and IL-6. Conclusions : Overall, these results suggest that CRE administration confirmed the protective effect of esophageal mucosa, suggesting that it is a potential treatment for chronic acid reflux esophagitis.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2023

Objectives : The main aim of this study was to examine the LC-MS/MS used to identify phenolic compounds of CRE(Coptidis Rhizoma 70% EtOH Extract). Also, we investigated antioxidative activities and Anti-inflammatory activities. Methods : LC-MS/MS Analysis HPLC and LC-MS/MS were performed on a 1260 series HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Inc., California, USA) and 3200 QTrap tandem mass system (Sciex LLC) operated in positive ion mode (spray voltage set at -4.5 kV). The solvent used was DW and Acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, a gradient system was used at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min for analysis, and a Prontosil C18 column (length, 250 mm; inner diameter, 4.6 mm; particle size, 5 ㎛; Phenomenex Co., Ltd., California, USA, Biochoff Chromatography) was used. The solvent conditions used in the mobile phases were 0-10 min at 10-15% B, 10-20 min at 20% B, 20-30 min at 25%, 30-40 min at 40%, 40-50 min at 70%, 50-60 min at 95%, and 60-70 min at 95%. The analysis was performed at a wavelength of 284 nm and a temperature of 35℃. The cell viability was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethyethiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. We examined the effects of CRE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in a RAW 264.7 cells Results : The chemical analysis CRE by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmed that Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid as phenolic components. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the inhibitory activity of CRE showed at 200 ㎍/mL a statistically significant level. MTT assay demonstrated that the CRE did not have a cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Also, CRE reduced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Conclusions : Based on these findings, The chemical analysis 4 major components CRE such as Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. Moreover, we confirmed that CRE has effects antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The results demonstrate that CRE can be used as an antioxidant and a powerful chemopreventive ingredient against inflammatory diseases.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.268-272
• /
• 2006

Cimicifugae Rhizoma (CR) belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, which has been traditionally used to treat climacteric complaints, antipyretics and diaphoresis as an alternative medicine for estrogen hormone replacement therapy with estrogens. Recently, it has been reported that different extract fractions of CR have various effects such as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. The current study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Cimicifugae Rhizoma water extracts (CRE) in the macrophage-like cell line, Raw 264.7. Our results showed that CRE ($1\sim50\;{\mu}g/mL$) stimulated tumoricidal activity and NO production, whereas phagocytic activity was inhibited at the same concentrations. Additionally, iNOS mRNA expression was significantly increased in Raw 264.7 exposed to CRE as demonstrated by RT-PCR. These results indicate that the tumoricidal activity induced by CRE may be mediated by the production of NO and these activities may be useful for the treatment of diseases such as cancer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.1165-1169
• /
• 2013

To elucidate the role of PKG isoforms in transcriptional control of cyclin D1, we employed a series of expression vectors of PKG $1{\alpha}$ and PKG $1{\beta}$ which encode HA-tagged wild type and constitutively active (SD and ${\Delta}N$) mutants. Our present study demonstrates that both the constitutively active mutants of PKG $1{\beta}$ downregulate the transcription of cyclin D1 when transiently transfected in NIH3T3 cells, whereas PKG $1{\alpha}$ mutants show weak inhibition. We further studied the transcriptional regulators of cyclin D1, such as, c-fos, NF-${\kappa}B$, and CRE by using the luciferase reporter assay. Constitutively active mutants of PKG $1{\beta}$ showed marked transcriptional downregulation of c-fos in NIH3T3 cells, whereas PKG $1{\alpha}$ downregulated c-fos to a lesser extent. We also found that the constitutively active mutants of PKG negatively regulated the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and CRE, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of cyclin D1.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2001

The "crescent-egg" a new spontaneous mutant was detected in a white egg strain k37. Studies were carried out the linkage analysis, to investigate phenotypic characteristics and biochemical analysis of haemolymph and ovarian protein. The mutant, ore was independent from 20 linkage groups P(2), Ze(3),L(4), oc(5), sn8), Ia(9), w-1(10), K(11), ch(13), U(14), bl(15), cts(16), bts(17), mln(18), nb(19), oh(20),Lan(21), or(22), tub(23) and Xan(27). The fertilization, hatchability and larval growth were not different from the those of normal eggs. The content and composition of yolk protein were similared to normal eggs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the areal specific structure in dorsal region of egg-shell of cre mutant. Analysis of chorion protein by isoelectrofocusing(IEF), was resolved no difference in the composite of the chorion protein. We conclude that the egg mutant ere is expressed only in the egg-shape formation and region specific determination.