• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.683-688
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• 2015

Human diphyllobothriasis is a widespread fish-borne zoonosis caused by the infection with broad tapeworms belonging to the genus Diphyllobothrium. In mainland China, so far 20 human cases of Diphyllobothrium infections have been reported, and the etiologic species were identified as D. latum and D. nihonkaiense based on morphological characteristics or molecular analysis. In the present study, proglottids of diphyllobothriid tapeworms from 3 human cases that occurred in Heilongjiang Province, China were identified as D. nihonkaiense by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) genes. Two different cox1 gene sequences were obtained. One sequence showed 100% homology with those from humans in Japan. The remaining cox1 gene sequence and 2 different nad5 gene sequences obtained were not described previously, and might reflect endemic genetic characterizations. D. nihonkaiense might also be a major causative species of human diphyllobothriasis in China. Meanwhile, the finding of the first pediatric case of D. nihonkaiense infection in China suggests that infants infected with D. nihonkaiense should not be ignored.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 2015

Most of the diphyllobothriid tapeworms isolated from human samples in the Republic of Korea (=Korea) have been identified as Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense by genetic analysis. This paper reports confirmation of D. nihonkaiense infections in 4 additional human samples obtained between 1995 and 2014, which were analyzed at the Department of Parasitology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Korea. Analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) gene revealed a 98.5-99.5% similarity with a reference D. nihonkaiense sequence in GenBank. The present report adds 4 cases of D. nihonkaiense infections to the literature, indicating that the dominant diphyllobothriid tapeworm species in Korea is D. nihonkaiense but not D. latum.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 1996

Forecasts of the monthly catches of anchovy in Korea were carried out by the seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and spectral analysis. The seasonal ARIMA model is as follows: $$(1-0.431B)(1-B^{12})Z_t=(1-0.882B^{12})e_t$$ where: $Z_t=value$ at month $t;\;B^{p}$ is a backward shift operator, that is, $B^pZ_t=Z_{t-p};$ and $e_t=error$ term at month t, which is to forecast 24 months ahead the anchovy catches in Korea. The prediction error by the Box-Cox transformation on monthly anchovy catches in Korea was less than that by the logarithmic transformation. The equation of the Box-Cox transformation was $Y'=(Y^{0.58}-1)/0.58$. Forecasts of the monthly anchovy catches for $1991\~1992$, which were compared with the actual catches, had an absolute percentage error (APE) range of $1.0\~63.2\%$. Total observed annual catches in 1991 and 1992 were 170,293 M/T and 168,234 M/T respectively, while the predicted catches were 148,201 M/T and 148,834 M/T $(API\;13.0\%\;and\;11.5\%,\;respectively)$. The spectrum analysis of the monthly catches of anchovy showed some dominant fluctuations in the periods of 2.2, 6.1, 10.2 12.0 and 14.7 months. The spectrum analysis was also useful for selecting the ARIMA model.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

Actinotrichia is a calcified galaxauracean red algal genus with temperate and tropical distributions in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Morphological characteristics, along with rbcL and cox1 sequences, were analyzed from specimens collected in the western Pacific and the Indian Oceans. Both rbcL and cox1 data confirmed the occurrence of A. fragilis, A. robusta, and Actinotrichia sp. in this region. The presence of A. fragilis was verified in tropical Indo-Pacific and temperate northeast Asian waters and was characterized by high genetic diversity. Although A. robusta commonly occurs in the East China Sea, we confirmed its presence on rocks and crustose algae in the subtidal zone of three islands in the Andaman Sea. Actinotrichia sp. was similar to A. calcea in morphology and distribution, but with sufficiently different sequences, thus, additional sampling over the range will enable a more realistic evaluation of its taxonomic status.

• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

Porphyroglossum is the last one of nine genera within the family Gelidiaceae that has yet to be analyzed by molecular markers. We analyzed rbcL and cox1 genes from P. zollingeri specimens collected near the type locality in Indonesia and compared them with other gelidioid algae. Thalli are cartilaginous, complanate, and up to 15 cm high. Abundant rhizoidal filaments are concentrated in the medullary layer. Tetrasporangial sori are on small, determinate ramuli. In all gene analyses, P. zollingeri consistently nested within Gelidium. The sister relationship of P. zollingeri to G. floridanum was well resolved. Because Gelidium has priority over Porphyroglossum, a new combination is proposed, viz. Gelidium zollingeri. Network analysis of the four cox1 haplotypes revealed many missing haplotypes, indicating high genetic diversity in the species.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1013-1018
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• 2005

A number of 1,5-diarylimidazoles has been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities of COX-2 catalyzed $PGE_2$ production. 1,5-Diarylimidazoles were obtained from imimes and p-toluenesulfonylmethyl cyanide (TosMIC). Imines were prepared from commercially available amines and aldehydes. Among the compounds tested, 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(4­methylsulfonylphenyl)imidazole (2r) showed strong inhibitory activity, however, most diarylimidazoles exhibited little to low inhibitory activities against COX-2 catalyzed $PGE_2$ production.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2012

Ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (1), ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3-ol (2), and 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol(3) were isolated from the fruit body of Phellinus pini. Their structures were based on spectroscopic methods including IR, MS, and NMR (1D and 2D). These compounds were screened for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 reduced NO production in the assay with $IC_50$ values of 29.7 ${\mu}M$ (1), 15.1 ${\mu}M$ (2), and 18.4 ${\mu}M$ (3) respectively. They also suppressed the expression of protein and m-RNA of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose dependent manner by western blot analysis and RT-PCR experiment in LPS-activated microglial cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.500-504
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• 2006

Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein, and its plasma level increases consistently in response to inflammation. To investigate the biological role of Hp in lung epithelial cells, the gene expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed using human Hp gene-transfected A549 cells. Western blot analysis showed that COX-2 expression was markedly increased in Hp DNA-transfected cells (stable transfection and transient transfection) compared with that in vehicle DNA-transfected cells. When the Hp-expressing cells were treated with $1{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS or 100 U/ml of $IL-1{\beta}$ for 24 hr, the COX-2 expression was synergistically up-regulated. ACP-based PCR data demonstrated the Hp decreased SPARC expression, but increased IL-4 and S100AI expressions. These findings suggest that the Hp acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator in lung inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1109-1113
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative and antiallergic effects of aronia extract. The aronia extract was tested for various antioxidative potentials (scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and superoxide anion radical) and inhibitory effect of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX). In aronia extract, polyphenol content was $81.6{\pm}3.3\;mg/g$ and flavonoid content was $5.15{\pm}0.16\;mg/g$. DPPH radical-scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$) of aronia extract was $6.15{\pm}0.343\;ppm$. $SC_{50}$ value of aronia extract against superoxide anion radical was $6.99{\pm}1.28\;ppm$. In addition, $IC\_{50}$ values of aronia extract against 5-LO, COX-1, and COX-2 were $42.07{\pm}0.15\;ppm$, $24{\pm}4.29\;ppm$, and $24.3{\pm}3.5\;ppm$, respectively. These results suggest that aronia extract may be useful for the prevention or treatment of allergic disease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

Phospholipase D (PLD) is known to play an important role in a variety of cells. However, little is known about $CoCl_2-mediated$ PLD signaling. In this study we demonstrated for the first time that $CoCl_2$ stimulates PLD activity and increases expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is known to mediate inflammatory reaction. $CoCl_2-induced$ PLD activity was assessed by measuring the formation of $[^3H]$ phosphatidylbutanol (PtdBut), the product of PLD-mediated transphosphatidylation, in the presence of 1-butanol. To study mechanism of PLD signaling induced by $CoCl_2$, U87 human glioblastoma cells were stimulated by $CoCl_2$ and regulators of PLD activity induced by $CoCl_2$ were investigated using several inhibitors of signaling proteins. Moreover, PLD activation by $CoCl_2$ increased not only expression of COX-2 protein but also COX-2 promoter activity. In summary, these results suggest that $CoCl_2$ increases expression of COX-2 protein via PLD in human U87 glioblastoma cells.