• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

Purpose - This study explored factors of online education that affect student dissatisfaction and learning effectiveness in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design, data, and methodology - This study combined qualitative and quantitative designs. The qualitative part of this study involved in-depth interviews using a criteria-based purposive sampling technique. The quantitative part of this study consisted of an online survey. Results - The qualitative results revealed that students faced significant problems related to online learning, including a lack of learning environment, interaction, and support from the school. The quantitative results indicated that the effects of transitioned-online courses on student dissatisfaction were higher with student support, the interaction between students and instructors, online learning environment, and course organization and evaluation based on the order, while the effects on learning effectiveness were higher with the online learning environment, interaction between students and instructors, course organization and evaluation, and student support based on the order. Conclusion - The results implied that online learning in the era of the COVID 19 pandemic negatively affects student satisfaction and learning effectiveness. Policymakers and school leaders should improve students' satisfaction and learning effectiveness when confronted with the pandemic. Better policies should be adopted to improve better way of teaching in the era of COVID19.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.401-407
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• 2021

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an ongoing pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell responses have been detected and characterized not only in COVID-19 patients and convalescents, but also unexposed individuals. Here, we review the phenotypes and functions of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients and the relationships between SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses and COVID-19 severity. In addition, we describe the phenotypes and functions of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells after recovery from COVID-19 and discuss the presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in unexposed individuals and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses elicited by COVID-19 vaccines. A better understanding of T-cell responses is important for effective control of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.763-774
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• 2021

The COVID-19 virus has generated major shockwaves in all spheres of human life since its outbreak. Maritime transport (both cargo and passenger) is one of the industries most heavily affected, yet over 80% of the world cargo is transported by sea. This study analyzes maritime port operational efficiencies before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to determine whether the pandemic has caused major differences in the operational efficiencies of many leading Asian maritime container ports via data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results of both the CCR and BCC models reveal that overall, efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic has been higher than before the pandemic despite a few inefficiencies. This implies that the pandemic has so far not has major consequences for the operational efficiency of maritime ports. However, two ports (Busan and Guangzhou) should adjust the scale sizes and technical capacities of their operations to improve performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.93-101
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted how people work, resulting in a massive shift towards working from home or remotely. Work from home has played a critical role in reducing the transmission of COVID-19 by limiting in-person interactions and reducing the density of people in office buildings. It also enabled businesses and organizations to continue operating while keeping their employees safe and healthy. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of work from home in business and organizational sectors worldwide, and it is likely to continue as a preferred mode of work even after the pandemic is over. This shift towards working from home has not only impacted the way people work but also has significant implications for urban development, transportation, and the environment. This study intends to develop measures for addressing potential physical and mental health issues among remotely working employees. Additionally, it identifies the major influencing factors of home workers' health hazards and proposes improvement measures that can be applied to working from home, along with existing laws and prevention methods.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 2023

The study is a qualitative study to understand the stress experience of pregnant women by exploring the vivid experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic through a phenomenological approach. As for the study subjects, 12 pregnant women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected as subjects and in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews with participants were conducted from June to October 2022, and data were analyzed through the Taguette program using the Colaizzi (1978) analysis method. As a result of the analysis, the category of experience was derived as 4 themes and 12 sub-topics. The main themes appeared as confusion due to inaccurate information, collapsed prenatal care, stress due to a controlled life, and body and mind adapting. It was confirmed that social support for the health of pregnant women and the establishment of a stable medical system need to be done overall. Further studies are needed to support this.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the Kuwaiti Stock Exchange's (KDE) response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the precautions taken by Kuwaiti authorities to protect their citizens and other residents. To achieve this objective, daily data from four different indexes published by the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE) for the period between 24 February and 30 June 2020, as well as daily data on the number of people infected with COVID-19, the daily number of recovered people, the daily number of deaths, lockdown days, and days the country was under curfew. The findings show a significant positive association between the daily recovery of persons infected by COVID-19 and all indexes published by the KSE except for the Boursa Kuwait Main Market 50, where the association was positive but insignificant. A negative and significant association was also found between the closure of the country and each of the four indexes. Although the curfew imposed by the Kuwaiti authorities at an early stage of the pandemic appeared to have a negative effect on the four indexes, the level of association was statistically significant only in the cases of the Main Market index and Boursa Kuwait Main Market 50 index.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.469-480
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• 2021

Purpose: Nurses are exposed to stressful circumstances during the COVID-19 outbreak, which increases their turnover intention. This study aimed to identify predictive factors of turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design using self-report questionnaires. A total of 164 nurses working at three hospitals participated voluntarily in the study. Questionnaires included nursing professionalism, job satisfaction, control belief and COVID-19 stress. Data were collected from February 1, 2021, to March 15, 2021. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 23.0 program using descriptive statistics, x2-test, independent t-test and logistic regression. Results: The turnover intention rate of nurses was 33.5%. Two significant predictors of nurses' turnover intention were identified, including risk acceptance in caring for patients with COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 4.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.76~10.49) and nursing professionalism (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.02~1.10). Conclusion: Hospital administrations should provide an improved work environment, such as individual protective equipment, compensation and protective system to nurses to avoid turnover intention in COVID-19 outbreak.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2022

From several socioeconomic perspectives, the present health crisis can be connected to the 2008 financial and economic catastrophe. Governments worldwide are working hard to keep the markets in check, as evidence suggests that the health crisis may soon become an economic crisis. This paper aims to analyze the effect of COVID-19 on the selected stock market. Using a panel of daily COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths and the stock market from 22 developing countries, we exploit an oil price as a shock to the stock market and examine the effect of COVID-19 on the slowdown of the stock market. We find a negative and significant impact of COVID-19 on the stock market in the first stage till April. However, there is no net influence on the stock market downturn when we extend the period. However, further study suggests that the outbreak's negative influence on the selected stock market has diminished and has begun to decline as of mid-April. As a result of the COVID-19 effect on the chosen stock, our findings imply that the government in the chosen market should consider a regulatory mechanism to reduce the stock market slowdown induced by the pandemic COVID-19.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

Purpose: This article presents the relationship among the perceived risk of the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout, job insecurity, and employees' job performance in Vietnam. Research design, data, and methodology: The dataset included 310 samples from Vietnamese employees through the internet (Gmail, Facebook, Google form). PLS-SEM is used on Smart-PLS software. Results: Research results show that the perceived risk of COVID-19 has a positive impact on job performance and burnout. At the same time, job insecurity positively impacts burnout and has a negative impact on job performance. The distribution of resources to many jobs (both working and worrying about losing jobs) will reduce job performance. Furthermore, the study shows that workers exposed to COVID-19 risks have higher job performance. At the same time, burnout is not a factor that reduces employees' job performance. Finally, the perceived risk of COVID-19 and job insecurity have nothing to do with each other (perceived risk of COVID-19 does not affect job insecurity). These are two factors that exist independently and in parallel. Conclusions: The authors also suggest some implications in theory and practice from these research results. The implications will reduce anxiety about risks due to COVID-19 and job security for employees.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.143-159
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• 2022

This study was undertaken to assess levels of job stress, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and job involvement as perceived by school dietitians/nutrition teachers during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the effects of these three factors. An online survey was sent from May 18 to May 26, 2021, to school dietitians/nutrition teachers in Seoul with experience of foodservice operations during 2020; 250 responses were used for this analysis. Job demands contributed most to job stress, whereas human relations contributed most to job satisfaction. Job stress caused by COVID-19 had a negative impact on self-efficacy (P<0.01) and job satisfaction (P<0.01), but a positive impact on job involvement (P<0.05). Self-efficacy positively impacted job involvement (P<0.01) but did not significantly influence job satisfaction. However, job satisfaction during early COVID-19 positively impacted job involvement (P<0.05). In conclusion, job stress associated with job requirements was greater during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic than before the pandemic guidelines are needed that enable school dietitians/nutrition teachers to better cope with the job pressures generated by infectious diseases.