• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation due to chronic airway inflammation and destruction of the alveolar structure from persistent exposure to oxidative stress. The body has various antioxidant mechanisms for efficiently coping with such oxidative stress. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) is a representative system. Dysregulation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway is responsible for the development and promotion of COPD. Furthermore, COPD severity is also closely related to this pathway. There has been a clinical impetus to use Nrf2 for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Therefore, in this work, we systematically reviewed the clinical significance of Nrf2 in COPD patients, and discuss the value of Nrf2 as a potential COPD biomarker.

• 센서학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2013

The exhaled breath contains gases generated from human body. When disease occurs in the body, exhaled breath may include gas components released from disease metabolism. If we can find specific elements through analysis of the exhaled gases, this approach is an effective way to diagnose the disease. The lung function has a close relationship with exhalation. Exhaled gases from COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) patients can be analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and a gas sensor system. The exhaled breath for healthy person and COPD patients had different components. Significantly more benzendicarboxylic acid was detected from COPD patients than in healthy persons. In addition, patients had a variety of decane. Phosphorous compounds with different isomers were detected from patients. The results obtained by gas sensor system were processed by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The PCA results revealed distinct difference between the patients and healthy people.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the related factors of quality of life (QOL) among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: Patients diagnosed with COPD (N=230) were recruited from four hospitals in Kyeong-Nam province, from March 2 to November 30, 2010. The data collection instruments were the Short Form 36, perceived dyspnea measure by Modified Medical Research Council, COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale, COPD Self-efficacy Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used. Following the completion of the data collection instruments Pulmonary function was tested. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and simultaneous multiple regression using SPSS/WIN. Results: The mean QOL of this study was 68.24. Using a multivariate approach, the significant correlates of QOL were depression (${\beta}$=-.37), dyspnea (${\beta}$=-.28), self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.20), and a sufficient degree of household income (${\beta}$=.16). These variables explained 49% of variance in QOL. Conclusion: The study suggests that psychological aspects are an important factor in explaining QOL of the patients. Screening and minimizing depression could be effective strategies in enhancing QOL of patients with COPD and further investigation to reduce depression could warrant the improvement of QOL in patients with COPD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2005

COPD는 비가역적인 기류제한을 특징으로 하는 질병의 상태이다. 이러한 기류제한은 유해입자나 가스등에 대한 폐의 비정상적인 염증반응과 관련되어 있고 자연경과 중 지속적으로 진행하는 양상을 띤다. 비정상적인 염증반응 및 단백분해효소와 항단백분해효소간의 불균형과 산화 스트레스 등의 기전에 의해 점액의 과분비, 섬모의 기능장애, 소기도의 섬유화와 협착, 폐실질의 파괴, 폐혈관손상 등이 발생한다. 이러한 병리학적 변화에 의해 기류제한이 발생하고 가스교환 장애, 폐고혈압, 폐성심, 전신적인 염증이나 골격근의 기능장애 등이 유발된다. COPD 환자의 일반적인 증상인 기침, 객담, 호흡곤란 등은 이러한 병태생리학적 변화로 설명할 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권3호
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• pp.230-240
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• 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in high morbidity and mortality among patients both domestically and globally. The Korean clinical practice guideline for COPD was revised in 2014. It was drafted by the members of the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, as well as participating members of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Korean Physicians' Association, and Korea Respiration Trouble Association. This revised guideline covers a wide range of topics, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, management, exacerbation, and comorbidities of COPD in Korea. We drafted a guideline on COPD management by performing systematic reviews on the topic of management with the help of a meta-analysis expert. We expect this guideline will be helpful medical doctors treating patients with respiratory conditions, other health care professionals, and government personnel in South Korea.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was to develop a critical pathway for COPD clients in home health care. Method: Review of literature. Analysis of 10 cases of home health records of COPD clients without other major chronic illness, and Contents validity test Results 1. Vertical axis(l4 activities) physical and mental assessment, family assessment. environment assessment, rights and duties of client, oxygen use and safety, education of disease process and symptom, medication, nutrition and elimination, tests, activities, respiratory exercise, sleeping pattern. consultations and discharge planning. 2. Horizontal axis was set by the number of visits(average number of visits is 6.4) and vertical axis was set with 14 activities and the contents which should have occurred, according to the time frames of the horizontal axis. 3. According to the contents validity test, among the total of 234 items, 176 items showed over 83% agreement and 58 items showed less than 83% agreement. Those items with less than 83% agreements were either deleted or revised. Conclusion this critical pathway is applicable to the home health care of COPD clients to provide quality home nursing care services at lower cost.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.604-612
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of obesity and sarcopenia among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients in Korea. The current study recruited 75 patients with COPD who visited the department of respiratory medicine at J University Hospital in J-do. Height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured, and body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were assessed. The levels of obesity were classified with body mass index(BMI), waist-hip circumference ratio(WHR) and percent body fat, and sarcopenia was classified with the value of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. In results, it was found that the level of obesity was very high as 43% by BMI, 88% by WHR, and 64% by percent body fat. The lower level of muscle strength was 15.50% in males and 23.50% in females. The lower level of muscle mass was 24.10% in males and .00% in females. Males who had one sarcopenia factors were 22.40%, and females were 23.50%, respectively. Males with sarcopenia were 6.90%, and females were .00%. In conclusion, regular resistance exercise is essential not only for the development of motor skills, but also for the normalization of skeletal muscle function and prevention of muscle dystrophy among COPD patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway inflammation characterized by fixed airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sputum, and dyspnea. COPD is a progressive disease characterized by a decline in lung function. During the natural course of the disease, acute deterioration of symptoms leading to hospital visits can occur and influence further disease progression and subsequent exacerbation. Moreover, COPD is not only restricted to pulmonary manifestations but can present with other systemic diseases as comorbidities or systemic manifestations, including lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, sarcopenia, and metabolic abnormalities. These pulmonary and extrapulmonary conditions lead to the aggravation of dyspnea, physical inactivity, decreased exercise capacity, functional decline, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. In addition, pneumonia, which is attributed to both COPD itself and an adverse effect of treatment (especially the use of inhaled and/or systemic steroids), can occur and lead to further deterioration in the prognosis of COPD. This review summarizes the long-term outcomes of patients with COPD. In addition, recent studies on the prediction of adverse outcomes are summarized in the last part of the review.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2005

연구배경 : ICS/LABA는 천식에서 효과가 입증되었으나 COPD에서는 덜 알려져 있다. 최근 COPD 환자에서 고용량의 ICS/LABA의 사용시 급성악화를 줄인다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 중등도와 고용량의 ICS/LABA사용시 용량에 차이에 따른 COPD의 급성악화를 비교하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월 1일부터 2004년 8월 31일 사이에 고대안암병원에 내원하여 진단된 46명의 중등증 이상의 COPD 환자를 대상으로 하였다. flu/sal $250{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ 하루 2번 사용한 군(A군)과 flu/sal $500{\mu}g/50{\mu}g$ 하루 2번 사용한 군(B군)으로 나누어 1년 기간 동안 급성악화의 횟수 및 입원 횟수, 처음악화까지 걸린 기간을 분석하였다. 결 과 : A 군 26명중 11명에서 급성악화를 경험하였고, 평균 악화 횟수는 0.96회, 입원횟수는 0.15 회였다. B군 20명중 11명에서 급성 악화를 경험하였고 평균 악화 횟수는 1.05회, 입원횟수는 0.30 회였다. 두 군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고 처음악화까지 걸린 시간도 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 중등증 이상의 COPD 환자에서 ICS 와 LABA 복합제제를 사용 할 때 고농도와 중등도 용량에서 급성 악화에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 향후 COPD 에서 ICS/LABA 사용시 효과적인 용량에 대한 연구가 좀 더 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권4호
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• pp.254-258
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• 2011

Background: Although the aging process and features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have several similarities, the relationship between aging and COPD pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The klotho gene was found to be related to premature aging and emphysematous changes in an animal model. We investigated whether klotho gene polymorphisms are related to COPD susceptibility and emphysema severity. Methods: A total of 219 COPD subjects from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease Cohort and 305 control subjects were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the klotho gene associated with coronary artery disease. Logistic regression was performed to determine the association of these SNPs with COPD susceptibility and linear regression was performed to investigate their association with emphysema severity in COPD subjects. Results: The mean age of the COPD subjects was 66 years and their mean FEV1 was 1.46 L. There were no associations between either SNP or COPD susceptibility (p=0.6 and 0.2, respectively) and there were no associations with emphysema severity. Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms of the klotho gene were not associated with COPD in a Korean population.