• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.507-526
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• 2017

To infer the true state of a regional product's attributes, consumers use the image they have of the product's region of origin; however, products may have multiple countries of origin in their design, branding, sourcing and manufacturing becuase more products are increasingly a result of multi-firm and multi-country efforts. We examined how the country-of-origin image (country image and product image) affect international consumers' perceived value (function value and symbolic value) and purchase intentions of made-in China goods by extending and deepening the flexible model. Second, to investigate the differences of COO effects according to different types of country-of-origin we divided the traditional country-of-origin into two components: country-of-manufacture (COM) and country-of-brand (COB). We then explore how the impact of China's country image on consumers' perceived value and purchase intentions varies when China is the COM or COB of the same product. Six hypotheses were proposed to test our anticipations. We recruited 800 Korean adult consumers who previously purchased made-in China products to participate in the online investigation. Data analyses were conducted with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. The main results are discussed as follows. First, the effects of China's COO image on Korean consumers' perceived value and purchase intentions vary when China is the COM or COB of a product. Second, a positive effect of the function value and symbolic value on the purchase intentions was found. Literature and practical implications of findings are discussed and suggested in the conclusion.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2020

Chronic otitis media (COM) is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects the middle ear, mastoid cavity. It presents hearing loss, ear pain, dizziness, headache, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation and intracranial complication. Intracranial complications such as skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) may occur secondary to COM due to transmission of infection by a number of possible routes. SBO is an uncommon condition with a significant morbidity and mortality if not treated in the early stages. We report a-67-year-old male patient with diabetes and untreated COM who presented atypical severe TMJ, periorbital and postmandibular pain. By computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole body bone scan (WBBS), he was diagnosed with SBO spreading from untreated COM via infective arthritis of TMJ. Through this case, we suggest proper utilization of diagnostic imaging, especially CT or MRI for the early detection of SBO in the case of COM accompanying with the greater risk of infection developments such as diabetes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.2577-2596
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• 2013

In this paper, we present an Energy-Aware Self-Stabilizing Distributed Clustering protocol based on message-passing model for Ad Hoc networks. The latter does not require any initialization. Starting from an arbitrary configuration, the network converges to a stable state in a finite time. Our contribution is twofold. We firstly give the formal proof that the stabilization is reached after at most n+2 transitions and requires at most $n{\times}log(2n+{\kappa}+3)$ memory space, where n is the number of network nodes and ${\kappa}$ represents the maximum hops number in the clusters. Furthermore, using the OMNeT++ simulator, we perform an evaluation of our approach. Secondly, we propose an adaptation of our solution in the context of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with energy constraint. We notably show that our protocol can be easily used for constructing clusters according to multiple criteria in the election of cluster-heads, such as nodes' identity, residual energy or degree. We give a comparison under the different election metrics by evaluating their communication cost and energy consumption. Simulation results show that in terms of number of exchanged messages and energy consumption, it is better to use the Highest-ID metric for electing CHs.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2015

Objective : Patients treated with surgical clipping for anterior communicating artery (A-com) aneurysm often complain of anosmia, which can markedly impede their quality of life. We introduce a simple and useful technique to reduce postoperative olfactory dysfunction in A-com aneurysm surgery. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgical clipping for unruptured aneurysm from 2011-2013 by the same senior attending physician. Since March 2012, olfactory protection using gelfoam and fibrin glue was applied in A-com aneurysm surgery. Therefore we categorized patients in two groups from this time-protected group and unprotected group. Results : Of the 63 enrolled patients, 16 patients showed postoperative olfactory dysfunction-including 8 anosmia patients (protected group : unprotected group=1 : 7) and 8 hyposmia patients (protected group : unprotected group=2 : 6). Thirty five patients who received olfactory protection during surgery showed a lower rate of anosmia (p=0.037, OR 10.516, 95% CI 1.159-95.449) and olfactory dysfunction (p=0.003, OR 8.693, 95% CI 2.138-35.356). Superior direction of the aneurysm was also associated with a risk of olfactory dysfunction (p=0.015, OR 5.535, 95% CI 1.390-22.039). Conclusion : Superior direction of aneurysm appears associated with postoperative olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory protection using gelfoam and fibrin glue could be a simple, safe, and useful method to preserve olfactory function during A-com aneurysm surgery.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.970-973
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• 2003

최근 들어 기업 내 또는 기업간 정보시스템의 개발 패러다임은 2계층 환경에서 3계층 환경으로 이동해오고 있다. 3계층 환경은 시스템의 성능, 확장성, 배포성, 유지보수 등의 측면에서 보다 효율적인 시스템의 구성을 가능하게 한다. 장기간의 설계기간과 대규모의 설계인원을 대상으로 하는 선박의 설계공정관리 시스템은 정보의 실시간성, 정확성이 확보되어야 함에도 불구하고 현재 2계층 환경으로 일부 개발되어 사용되고 있으며, 여전히 미 개발된 업무들도 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 2차원적 클라이언트/서버 아키텍처 환경에서 3계층 아키텍처인 COM＋ 기반의 환경으로 전환하기 위해 CBD(Component Based Development)기법을 이용한 시스템의 분석 및 설계를 수행하였다. 향후 CBD 기반의 통합 시스템으로 개발함으로써, 선박 설계공정관리 업무의 생산성 및 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한, 컴포넌트의 광범위한 재사용을 통해 시스템의 생산성 및 효율성 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1994

We use a variety of methods to determine the optimum time for havesting corn for silage. In addition, adequate dry matter for silage must be considered along with maturity stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate using the kernel milk line to determine when to harvest com for silage in 1992 on the Livestock Experimental F m , Keiymung Junior College at Keongsan, Keongsangbukdo. Four hybrids were field grown and com plants were harvested at various stages of kernel development so that kemel milk line movement could be analyzed whilc the corn was in the premature stages. As the plants approached maturity, the ears were collected from each of the hybrids and the position of the milk line wa5 noted. Then the whole plants were chopped and the content of DM was determined. The milk line was a readily identifiable feature of maturing com kemels. We focused on the five development \tage\. The fint was "soft dough". The second was "dent". The third wa, "75% milk". and the fourth wa5 "half milk". The half milk occurs when the milk line is positioned falf way down the kemel face. and the final stages win "no milk", milk disappearance as indicators of physiological maturity in maix. Milk free stage of the kemel occurred from I to 3 days prior to black layer having developed. The range for harvesting com for silage occurs a kemels mature from 75% milk to no milk. Position of milk line was easy to see. and can be used as a visible indicator to determine com matunty stage\ and whole plant dry matter. Whole plant dry matter increased with advancing maturity. averaged over hybrids it was 24.1, 25.6. 28.5. 34.6 and 39.0% at soft dough, dent, 75% milk. half milk and no milk. Milk line was more usehl indicator in monitoring corn maturity prior to physiological maturity.ing corn maturity prior to physiological maturity.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.736-737
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• 2011

웹 서비스라는 환경을 이용하여, 템플릿을 생성 제공하고, 사용자가 쉽게 편집 할 수 있도록 제공하며, 편집한 파일과 동질의 인쇄물을 실시간으로 출력할 수 있는 웹 표준을 따르는 COM 포트 (Communication Port)를 이용한 POD(Print on Demand) 시스템의 프레임워크(framework)를 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 프레임워크의 특징은 기본적인 인터넷 활용 능력을 갖춘 사용자들로 하여금, 기존의 전문 편집 프로그램과 비교하여 상대적으로 쉽게 배우고 활용 할 수 있으며, 사용자가 직접 제작한 파일을 화면 그대로의 품질로 실시간으로 인쇄할 수 있는 프로그램을 만들고, 접근성을 높이도록 하였다.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.119-142
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• 2012

본 연구는 조선닷컴과 워싱턴포스트의 섹션별 뉴스기사 본문의 하이퍼링크 서비스와 링크된 단어의 콘텐츠 유형을 분석하였다. 그 결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 국내 외 인터넷신문의 섹션별 뉴스 분포에서 조선닷컴은 라이프 섹션이 32.4%로 가장 많은 비중을 차지하였으며, 워싱턴포스트는 대체적으로 골고루 분포되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 섹션별 하이퍼링크 서비스를 살펴본 결과 조선닷컴은 정치섹션이 가장 많은 하이퍼링크 서비스를 제공하고 있었으며, 이어서 라이프섹션, 국제섹션 등의 순이었다. 워싱턴포스트는 Politics 섹션, Sports 섹션, Opinions 섹션 등의 순으로 하이퍼링크 서비스를 제공하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 섹션별 뉴스기사 본문 단어에 하이퍼링크 된 콘텐츠 유형을 분석한 결과 조선닷컴과 워싱턴포스트 모두 정보획득형이 가장 많고, 이어서 탐색형, 트랜잭션형 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 인터넷신문의 특성을 이해하고, 다양한 이용자 요구에 적합한 하이퍼링크 서비스를 제공하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권5호통권113호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2005

The development of printable Hanji is regarded as an important work to create a new demand of Hanji in information-oriented era. Hanji has rougher surface, huger absorption of ink and lower optical properties and printabilities than common printing papers. Improving those shortcomings of Hanji is required to be printable Hanji. Sizing and calendering have known as a way to make properties of paper good. Accordingly, this research was performed to find out useful sizing agents for reforming its drawbacks. Four sizing agents (CMC, com starch, PVA, AKD) were used in this research. The optical properties and the printabilities of sized Hanji were tested. The obtained results were as follows. Based on concentration, each sizing agent was prepared. These were CMC(0.5, 1, $1.5\%$), corn starch(1, 2, $3\%$), PVA(1, 5, $10\%$), AKD(0.5, 0.1, $0.15\%$) respectively. After sizing, we performed calendering treatment with pressure of 0.5, $1\;kgf/cm^2$. All the sizing agents and calendering treatment improved the properties of Hanji to some extent. Particularly, com starch was good for gloss. In case of printability, $1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$ was recommendable for typography ink density, $3\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink density, $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink girth. PVA and AKD without calendering were counter-effective agents for inkjet ink density. Printable Hanji is required to have not only better surface strength enough to appear non-picking, higher ink density and lower show-through than base paper but also the lowest ink girth in comparison with base paper. When referring to them, efficient sizing agents were regarded as $0.1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for typography printing and $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for inkjet printing.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Autophagy is known to be associated with pathogen infection. However, the expression of autophagy-related proteins has not been studied in chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma (COM) or with cholesteatoma (CholeOM). This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between COM and CholeOM in autophagy-related gene mRNA expression. Subjects and Methods: For 47 patients with chronic otitis media, the inflammatory tissues were classified into granulation tissue (COM) or cholesteatoma (CholeOM) according to biopsy results. Results: PI3K mRNA expression (COM vs. CholeOM, mean±SD, 0.009±0.010 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004) was lower, whereas Beclin-1 mRNA expression (0.089±0.107 vs. 0.176±0.163; p=0.034) was higher in the CholeOM group. Expression of PI3K mRNA in the CholeOM group was lower than that in the COM subgroups with presence of bacteria (0.022±0.019 vs. 0.001±0.001; p=0.001), otorrhea (0.049±0.068 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004), and hearing loss over 40 dB (0.083±0.130 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.005). Conclusions: The data suggested that different autophagy proteins play important roles in chronic otitis media according to the presence or absence of cholesteatoma.