• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2002

Andhra Pradesh is one of the major groundnut growing states in India. A total of 182 groundnut samples collected at harvesting from farmers fields in five districts, namely; Anantapur, Chittoor, Cuddapah, Kurnool, and Mahaboobnagar, during 1999 and 2000 rainy seasons were evaluated for the presence of mycotoxins (both aflatoxins and zearalenone) and toxigenic fungi. In samples collected from each district, average seed infection by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp. was 11.9-18.3% and 5.6-12.8% in 1999, and 9.5-14.1% and 9.4-11.9% in 2000, respectively. Among the samples collected, 20.3% and 16.5% were contaminated with aflatoxin in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and in 11.4% and 8.7% of the seed samples collected in two seasons, the aflatoxin content was >30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. An alarming aflatoxin content of 851.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg was found in samples collected from Anantapur district during the rainy season in 1999. Zearalenone was not detected in any of the samples collected in 1999, while 2 out of 103 samples collected in 2000 were contaminated with 35.1 and 129.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. Under in vitro cultural conditions, 35.8% of the 173 A. flavus isolates collected from the groundnut samples produced aflatoxins at concentrations of 94.3-1598.6 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ and 3% of the 266 Fusarium spp. isolates produced 98.1-847.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of zearalenone. The results emphasize the need for a more systematic and regular monitoring of pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1997

A study was carried out to investigate the distribution of termites at the southern part of Korea between 1995 and 1996. During the survey, termite samples were collected from the randomly selected areas. Most of thern were collected from the decayed woods in dead trees (usually in pine trees), but some were also collected from woodern walls, floors in houses, or in matured bed logs at the mushroom cultivating areas. Damage by this termite species were also observed by Kim and Hwang (1996) who investigated the insect pests of mushroom in the southern part of Korea. To control the termites, it is urgent to identify them and to conduct ecological study of termites. Thus, we firstly identified termites which were collected from the sampling areas including houses and mushrooms cultivating fields. All termite samples were identified as Reticulitermes speratus. However, there were several morphological differences among them according to the collected areas, and the samples were reexamined, identified and divided into subspecies as R. speratus kyushuensis.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

The small-scale dynamic of moth populations in spring was examined in a coniferous forest of southwestern Korea. Moths were collected with one 22-watt light trap for 29 days in April 2007. A total of 450 individuals of 38 species in 5 families were collected. The most abundant species was an epiplemid moth, Epiplema plagifera. The relationship between these dominant moths and their host plants is briefly discussed. We also examined influence of weather factors on the number of species and individuals collected. Multiple regression analyses showed that the two-day temperature difference explained 18% of the variance in the number of species collected, while air and ground temperatures explained 51% of the variance in the log-transformed number of individuals collected. This suggests that temperature affects local population sizes in spring, but variables other than weather may also affect the diversity of local moth populations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2005

In this study, quantity and quality of collected rainwater by the ground collection system were investigated and the Rainwater Collection Prediction Model was developed to predict the amount of collected rainwater. The quantity of collected rainwater in the collection system was 9516 L(38.2%) and the quantity of infiltrated rainwater in the collection system was 9946 L(40.2%) through $25m^2$ area for the study period, respectively. Average turbidity of collected rainwater in collection system was 2.2 NTU, and average turbidity of infiltrated rainwater in collection system was 2.3 NTU for study period, respectively. The predicted amount by the model and the actual collected amount were 9842.4 L and 9516 L, which were very close showing that prediction was excellent. The optimal rainwater storage tank volume was simulated with a certain consumption condition for various cities with different rainfall patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.484-492
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to compare the ichthyofauna between the eelgrass bed waters located in the open sea and the nearby sea free of eelgrass, and this study collected a total of 26 species. Comparing the fish collected on the eelgrass bed (St.2) of Geomun-do coast with the fish collected on the coastal waters (St.1) void of the nearby eelgrass bed, the fish collected from the eelgrass bed included 19 species, 413 individual with 16,110.6g in weight while the fish collected from the coastal waters void of the eelgrass bed included 19 species, 290 individuals with 12,961.5g in weight. Accordingly, it was found that the population size and biomass of the fish collected from the eelgrass bed were higher than the coastal waters void of the eelgrass. This study could identify that diversity, richness, evenness index except dominance were also much higher even in the result of cluster analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

An empirical review on silk fabrics of the Chosen period showed that they varied in kind and design according to their uses. Thus the purpose of this study is to classify the fabrics into temple and excavated fabrics according to their uses and collected places and then to examine characteristics of each type. Concerning fabrics collected in temples. satin was most used, followed by twill, tabby, multiply, leno and gauze and clossing fabrics in order. Tabby and silk fabrics used Ju(紬) as their main material. Cho( ) was much more used in fabrics collected in temples than in excavated ones. This indicate that Cho( ), more luxurious than Ju(紬), had divine applications such as covering Buddha s bones of temples. Brilliant, colorful multiply fabrics using goldern and color threads had high effects of ornamenting altar covers, umbrellas, surplices and palanquins. Fabrics held in temples adapted composite designs, in which more than two shapes were used, rather than single ones. Single designs employed plant shapes in most cases. followed by treasures pattern, geometrical, cloud and animal shapes in order. Most composite designs used a combination of animal and plant shapes, followed by plant and geometry, treasures pattern and plant, cloud and animal, and animal, treasures pattern and plant in order. Few excavated fabrics used animal designs while fabrics collected in temples were often designed with shapes of propitious animals such as dragon. Treasures pattern. representing a good omen of Buddhism, was often used sing1y or sometimes compositely with another design.nother design.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.501-506
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• 2015

Biting midges belonging to the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were collected by Mosquito $Magnet^{(R)}$ and black light traps at 5 sites on Jeju-do, Republic of Korea (Korea), from May-November 2013 to determine species diversity and seasonal distribution. A total of 4,267 specimens were collected, of which 99.9% were female. The most common species was Culicoides tainanus (91.8%), followed by C. lungchiensis (7.2%) and C. punctatus (0.6%), while the remaining 4 species accounted for <0.5% of all Culicoides spp. that were collected. High numbers of C. tainanus were collected in May, followed by decreasing numbers through August, and then increasing numbers through November when surveillance was terminated. Peak numbers of C. lungchiensis were collected during September, with low numbers collected from May-August and October-November. The presence of C. lungchiensis in Korea was confirmed by morphological and molecular analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.261-273
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• 2007

To analyze quantitative fluctuation in abundance and species composition in coastal waters of Dolsan, Yeosu, the fished were collected by gape net from March to November, 2000. The fish species caught by set net collected fishes were identified 63 species, 56 families, 42 orders, and the number of appearance and biomass was 2,230,297 individuals and 16,076.8kg. The most dominant orders were Perciformes, Clupeiformes and Tetraodontiformes which accounted for 71.4% of the total. The dominant species in number were Engraulis japonicus, Sardinops melanostictus, Trichiurus lepturus which accounted for 99.2% (2,211,642 individuals) of the total fishes collected. The dominant species in biomass were Engraulis japonicus which accounted for 79.7% (12,807g) of the total fishes collected. Temporal occurence of the dominant species such as the Engraulis japonicus, Sardinops melanostictus, Trichiurus japonicus, Ilisha elongata, Leiognathus nuchalis was closely correlated with water temperature, which is expressed as following regression equation, $y=0.0864x-0.2311(r^2＝0.3516)$. The species collected during the sampling yearly period were Engraulis japonicus, and migratory fish were Ilisha elongata, Trichiurus japonicus, Scomberomorus nipphnius, Scomber japonicus, Konosirus punctatus, Sphyraena pinguis, Pseudosciaena polyactis.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2011

The species and size compositions of fishes in the coastal waters off Taean were determined using samples collected with a two-sided fyke net in 2008. A total of 22 species, 2,371 individuals and 1,351 kg of fish were collected during the study. Of the fish collected, semi-benthic fishes such as Sebastes schlegelii, Mugil cephalus and Chelon haematocheilus were the most abundant (77.5% and 76.4% for total number of individuals and biomass, respectively). Benthic fishes such as Pleuronectus yokohamae and Paralichthys olivaceus were collected in almost all seasons but were low in abundance (5.3% and 4.1% for total number of individuals and biomass, respectively). Seasonal migrants were plentiful; specifically, Seriola quinqueradiata was abundant in November while Konosirus punctaus was common in July. Seasonal migrants of small-sized fish have been known to be abundant in the coastal water of western Korea including the study area, but few fish less than 100 mm were collected due to the large mesh size (30 mm) of the net used.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2017

Tick is one of the most important arthropods in the transmission of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we investigated the abundance and species of ticks associated with swine and their habitats to assess the risk of spread of tick-borne diseases in host species, such as wild boars. Ticks were collected from 24 grazing or traditionally reared domestic pig farms and 8 habitats of wild boars in 8 provinces and 1 city in the Republic of Korea, by using the dragging and flagging methods. Ticks were also collected directly from 49 wild boars by using fine forceps. A total of 9,846 hard ticks were collected, including 4,977 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 4,313 Haemaphysalis flava, 508 Ixodes nipponensis, 1 Ixodes turdus, and 47 Amblyomma testudinarium. A total of 240 hard ticks were collected from 49 wild boars, including 109 H. flava, 84 H. longicornis, and 47 A. testudinarium. A total of 578 hard ticks were collected from areas around domestic pig farms. Only 2 hard tick species, 546 H. longicornis and 32 H. flava, were collected from these areas. A total of 9,028 hard ticks were collected from wild boars of 8 habitats, including 4,347 H. longicornis, 4,172 H. flava, 508 I. nipponensis, and 1 I. turdus. A. testudinarium was collected only from wild boars, and I. nipponensis and I. turdus were collected only from the habitats of wild boars.