• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.323-332
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• 2015

This paper examines the level of the primary care continuity for patients with high blood pressure and the effects of the primary care continuity on their convergence health outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study. A total of 315,791 patients who had received new diagnoses of hypertension. We determined standard indices of continuity of care-MFPC, MMCI, and COC and evaluated their association with study outcomes over three years of follow-up. Outcome measures included hospitalization and emergency room visits. The result of the primary care continuity levels and hazard ratios of health outcome showed that, comparing continuity group, non-continuity group had higher rates of hospitalization by 1.655(95% CI: 1.547-1.771) and emergency room visits by 1.669(95% CI: 1.465-1.903). This paper argues that medical costs of chronic diseases will reduce if low continuity of care turns into high continuity of care.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

Recently, the recycle of CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) slurries have been positively considered in order to reduce the high COO (cost of ownership) and COC (cost of consumables) in CMP process. Among the composition of slurries (buffer solution, bulk solution, abrasive particle, oxidizer, inhibitor, suspension, antifoaming agent, dispersion agent), the abrasive particles are one of the most important components. Especially, the abrasive particles of slurry are needed in order to achieve a good removal rate. However, the cost of abrasives, is still very high. In this paper, we have collected the silica abrasive powders by filtering after subsequent CMP process for the purpose of abrasive particle recycling. And then, we have studied the possibility of recycle of reused silica abrasive through the analysis of particle size and hardness. Also, we annealed the collected abrasive powders to promote the mechanical strength of reduced abrasion force. Finally, we compared the CMP characteristics between self-developed KOH-based silica abrasive slurry and original slury, As our experimental results, we obtained the comparable removal rate and good planarity with commercial products. Consequently, we can expect the saving of high cost slurry.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Control algorithms are the most important aspects in successful control of structures against earthquakes. In recent years, intelligent control methods rather than classical control methods have been more considered by researchers, due to some specific capabilities such as handling nonlinear and complex systems, adaptability, and robustness to errors and uncertainties. However, due to lack of learning ability of fuzzy controller, it is used in combination with a genetic algorithm, which in turn suffers from some problems like premature convergence around an incorrect target. Therefore in this research, the introduction and design of the Fuzzy Cooperative Coevolution (Fuzzy CoCo) controller and Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) have been innovatively presented for semi-active seismic control. In this research, in order to improve the seismic behavior of structures, a semi-active control of building using Magneto Rheological (MR) damper is proposed to determine input voltage of Magneto Rheological (MR) dampers using ANFIS and Fuzzy CoCo. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the performance of controllers. In this paper, the design of controllers is based on the reduction of the Park-Ang damage index. In order to assess the effectiveness of the designed control system, its function is numerically studied on a 9-story benchmark building, and is compared to those of a Wavelet Neural Network (WNN), fuzzy logic controller optimized by genetic algorithm (GAFLC), Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and Clipped Optimal Control (COC) systems in terms of seismic performance. The results showed desirable performance of the ANFIS and Fuzzy CoCo controllers in considerably reducing the structure responses under different earthquakes; for instance ANFIS and Fuzzy CoCo controllers showed respectively 38 and 46% reductions in peak inter-story drift ($J_1$) compared to the LQG controller; 30 and 39% reductions in $J_1$ compared to the COC controller and 3 and 16% reductions in $J_1$ compared to the GAFLC controller. When compared to other controllers, one can conclude that Fuzzy CoCo controller performs better.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.235-239
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• 2001

In recent years, as Chemical Mechanical Planarization(CMP) has been routinely utilized in integrated circuit(IC) fabrication, the consumption of slurry, main consumable in a CMP process, is greatly increased. Thus the reprocess of CMP slurries has been actively considered in the industry to reduce cost-of-consumable (COC). The main purpose of this study was to recycle the used oxide slurry using filters as a new method. As a result, Ultra Fine(UF) Filter could distinguish silica from the used oxide slurry and Reverse Osmosis(RO) Filter could distinguish Deionized(DI) Water and chemistry from chemistry solution. The tetraethylorthosilicate removal rate was almost the same as the number of recycle polishing was increased, when it was modified by slightly adding new SS-12 slurry. The microscratch didnt found as the number of recycle polishing was increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.503-507
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• 2002

Mask manufacturing is a high COC and COO process in developing of semiconductor devices, because of the mass production tool with high resolution. Direct writing has been thought to be one of the patterning method to cope with development or small-lot production of the device. This study focused on the development of the direct, mastless patterning process using stereolithography tool for the easy and convenient application to micro and miso scale products. Experiments are utilized by three dimensional CAD/CAM as a mask and photo-curable resin as a photo-resist in a conventional stereo-lithography apparatus. Results show that the resolution of the pattern was achieved about 300 micron because of complexity of SLA apparatus settings, inspite of 100 micro of inherent resolution. This paper concludes that photo resist and laser spot diameter should be adjusted to get finer patterns and the proposed method is significantly feasible to mastless and low cost patterning with micro and miso scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.34-37
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• 2004

In the present research, a ultra-precision diamond cutting of thermo-plastic materials, polycarbonate (PC) and cyclic olefin polymer (COC), is carried out by applying a method named ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting developed by the authors. It is experimentally proved that good optical surfaces are obtained by applying the elliptical vibration cutting in cases of machining of flat surfaces and grooves as compared with the conventional diamond cutting. The maximum surface roughness in peak to valley value obtained is less than 60 nm and 20 nm for PC and ZEONEX, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2003

수정란의 체외생산(IVP)기술은 동물생산기술의 적용과 생리학이나 세포생물학의 기본 연구에 새로운 biotchnologies의 발생에 있어 매우 중요하고 흥미로운 사건으로서 여러 종류의 포유류에 적용되고 있다. 이러한 기술은 3가지의 절차를 밟아야 하는데 In vitro maturation(IVM), In vitro fertilization(IVF) 및 In vitro development(culture)(IVD)가 그것이다. 그런데 돼지는 다태동물로서 난소의 난포가 성장할 때 난포간 meiotic competence가 난자에 의하여 진행되므로 난포내의 난포액에 의하여 난자의 발육이 좌우된다고 보고 있다 돼지WP에 사용되는 난자는 난포의 직경이 3~5mm에서 수집하고 cumulus-oocyte complexes(COCs)의 형태에 따라 선택하는 것이 보편화되어 있다. 실험목적은 돼지 난소의 antral follicles이 성장할 때 크기에 의하여 oocyte meiotic competence의 방출에 어떤 영향을 주는지를 난자의 체외성숙과 체외수정 및 체외발육 비율을 각각 조사하여 미성숙 난자의 체외배양 기술을 개선할 목적이었다. 수행내용은 도축돈 난소의 난포크기별 3mm<, 3~5mm, 5mm)로 나누어, 다시 말해서 preantral stage, antral stage, postantral stage으로 구분하여 채취한 COCs를 IVM, IVF, IVC 상태에서의 COCs 형태, cell cleaved rate, developmental rate 등을 조사하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.378-381
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• 2003

The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been widely accepted for the global planarization of multi-layer structures in semiconductor manufacturing However, cost of ownership (COO) and cost of consumables (COC) were relatively increased because of expensive slurry. In this paper, the effects of different slurry composition on the oxide CMP characteristics were investigated to obtain the higher removal rate and lower non-uniformity. We prepared the various kinds of slurry. In order to save the costs of slurry, the original slurry was diluted by de-ionized water (DIW). And then, alunima abrasives were added in the diluted slurry in order to promote the mechanical force of diluted slurry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.471-472
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• 2006

High aspect ratio of nano hairs on a plastic substrate is molded using thermoplstic materials including COC, PP, PC and PMMA. As a template for molding nano hairs, AAO membrane is adopted, which is 60um thick and 13mm in diameter. This membrane has about 109 of through-holes of which diameter is around 200nm. This AAO membrane and the pellet of materials are stacked in the mold and pressed to mold after heating up to be melted. The AAO membrane is removed using KOH to obtain the molded nano hairs. As a result, the diameter of the molded hairs is around 200nm and the length is $2um{\sim}60um$ depending on the molding conditions and materials.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

As the importance of software measurement increases, there are more researches developing the new software measure. Given the importance of object-oriented development techniques, one specific area where this has occurred is coupling measurement in object-oriented systems. This thesis presents the coupling measure COM based on the methods and OOC based on the classes in measuring the coupling of object-oriented systems. And, it evaluates them using the coupling properties suggested by Briand while it compares them with other coupling measures by applying them to a system developed in the language of C++programming language.