• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions is considered as a major problem worldwide, and many countries are making great efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Many technologies in post-combustion, pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion $CO_2$ capture have been developed. Among them, a hybrid pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture system of a water gas shift (WGS) reactor and a membrane gas separation unit was investigated. The 2 stage WGS reactor integrated high temperature shift (HTS) with a low temperature shift (LTS) was used to obtain a higher CO conversion rate. A Pd/Cu dense metal membrane was used to separate $H_2$ from $CO_2$ selectively. The performance of the hybrid system in terms of CO conversion and $H_2$ separation was evaluated using a 65% CO, 30 % $H_2$ and 5% $CO_2$ gas mixture for applications to pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture. The experiments were carried out over the range of WGS temperatures ($200-400^{\circ}C$), WGS pressures (0-20bar), Steam/Carbon (S/C) ratios (2.5-5) in a feed gas flow rate of 1 L/min. A very high CO conversion rate of 99.5% was achieved with the HTS-LTS 2 stage water gas shift reactor, and 83% $CO_2$ was concentrated in the retentate using the Pd/Cu membrane.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1997

This study presents a surveying of methane and carbon dioxide at sanitary landfills. The following results are obtained. (1) The majority of methane and the half of carbon dioxide pour out from vertical gas vents. (2) The quantity of carbon dioxide in cove. soil was greater than methane. (3) Even though gas extrusion in side slop area was small, the quantity of gas extrusion in side slop area was much greater than in coversoil area as especially carbon dioxide rate. (4) As were carried raw refuse layer, methane extrusion was trace, but carbon dioxide was large. (5) Gas extrusion quantity were changed by the compaction of soil, and the operating area of refuse. (6) Carbon dioxide portioned much larger in the whole landfill, but methane portioned much larger in gas vent and coversoil.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2014

The present study proposes a phased model to assess the lifecycle $CO_2$ amount of concrete structures. The considered system boundary is from cradle to recycling, which includes constituent material, transportation, batching and mixing in ready-mixed concrete plant, use and demolition of structure, and crushing and recycling of demolished concrete. The $CO_2$ uptake of concrete by carbonation during lifetime (40 years) of a structure and the recycling life (20 years) after demolition is estimated using a simple approach generalized to predict the carbonation depth from the surfaces of concrete element and recycled aggregates. Based on the proposed phased model, a performance evaluation table is realized to straightforwardly examine the lifecycle $CO_2$ amount of concrete structures. The proposed model demonstrates that the contribution of ordinary portland cement (OPC) to lifecycle $CO_2$ emission of the concrete structure occupies approximately 85%. Furthermore, the $CO_2$ uptake is estimated to be approximately 15~18% of the lifecycle $CO_2$ emissions of concrete structures, which corresponds to be 19~22% of the emissions from OPC production. Overall, the proposed $CO_2$ performance table is expected to be practically useful as a guideline to determine the $CO_2$ emission or uptake at each phase of concrete structures.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2022

Interest in hydrogen production to respond to climate change is increasing. Until now, hydrogen has been mainly produced through the SMR (Steam Methane Reforming) process using natural gas. A large amount of CO₂ is emitted in the hydrogen production process through SMR, and the gas flow including CO₂ generated in the SMR process has different characteristics for each emission source, so it is important to apply a suitable CO₂ capture process. In the case of PSA tail gas or synthesis gas, the applicability of an amine-based process has been confirmed or demonstrated close to a commercial level. However, in the case of the flue gas generated from the reformer, it is still difficult to apply the conventional amine-based process because the partial pressure of CO₂ is relatively low. Energy-saving innovative absorbents such as phase separation absorbents can be a solution to these difficulties.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.267-271
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• 2013

Test bed studies with highly efficient amine $CO_2$ solvent (KoSol-4) developed by KEPCO research institute were performed. For the first time in Korea, evaluation of post-combustion $CO_2$ capture technology to capture 2 ton $CO_2$/day from a slipstream of the flue gas from a coal-fired power station was performed. Also the analysis of solvent regeneration energy was conducted to suggest the reliable performance data of the KoSol-4 solvent. For this purpose, we have tested 5 campaigns changing the operating conditions of the solvent flow rate and the stripper pressure. The overall results of these campaigns showed that the $CO_2$ removal rate met the technical guideline ($CO_2$ removal rate: 90%) suggested by IEA-GHG and that the regeneration energy of the KoSol-4 showed about 3.0~3.2 GJ/$tCO_2$ which was, compared to that of the commercial solvent MEA (Monoethanolamine), about 25% reduction of regeneration energy. Based on these results, we could confirm the good performance of the KoSol-4 solvent and the $CO_2$ capture process developed by KEPCO research institute. And also it was expected that the cost of $CO_2$ avoided could be reduced drastically if the KoSol-4 is applied to the commercial scale $CO_2$ capture plant.

• The Science & Technology
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• s.470
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• pp.26-29
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.191-198
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• 2008

To design a reliable $CO_2$ marine geological storage system, it is necessary to perform numerical process simulation using thermodynamic equation of state. $CO_2$ capture process from the major point sources such as power plants, transport process from the capture sites to storage sites and storage process to inject $CO_2$ into the deep marine geological structure can be simulate with numerical modeling. The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyse the relevant equations of state including ideal, BWRS, PR, PRBM and SRK equation of state. We also studied the effect of thermodynamic equation of state in designing the compression and transport process. As a results of comparison of numerical calculations, all relevant equation of state excluding ideal equation of state showed similar compression behavior in pure $CO_2$. On the other hand, calculation results of BWRS, PR and PRBM showed totally different behavior in compression and transport process of captured $CO_2$ mixture from the oxy-fuel combustion coal-fired plants. It is recommended to use PR or PRBM in designing of compression and transport process of $CO_2$ mixture containing NO, Ar and $O_2$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.607-612
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• 2017

The effect of carbonic anhydrase on $CO_2$ absorption rates and the heat of reaction were evaluated in various amine solutions for post combustion $CO_2$ capture process. The $CO_2$ absorption rate was analyzed in 30 wt% MEA, AMP, DMEA, MDEA aqueous solutions with and without carbonic anhydrase (250 mg/L) from bovine erythrocyte. $CO_2$ absorption rates were increased in all solutions with carbonic anhydrase. The effect of carbonic anhydrase on absorption rates was more in tertiary amine (DMEA and MDEA) solutions than in primary amine (MEA) and hindered amine (AMP) solutions. The heat of reaction of MEA, DMEA, MDEA aqueous solutions with and without carbonic anhydrase were measured using reaction calorimeter. Carbonic anhydrase decreased the heat of absorption in all solutions. The results suggested that tertiary amines that have the excellent desorption ability were suitable for applying carbonic anhydrase to the post combustion $CO_2$ capture process and the effect of carbonic anhydrase was best in MDEA solution.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.46-50
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• 2013

유동층기술은 물리반응 공정, 화학반응 공정, 에너지 변환공정 등 다양한 산업 분야에 오랫동안 적용되어 왔다. 이 글에서는 여러 산업분야 중 최근 환경 분야에 적용된 유동층 반응기 설계기술, 특히 건식흡수제를 이용한 다단 $CO_2$ 포집공정용 유동층 반응기 설계를 위한 유동층 열교환기 설계 기술에 대해 소개 하고자 한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.220-220
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• 2010

clathrate compound란 호스트 분자가 수소 결합에 의하여 3차원 골격구조를 만들고, 이 격자 내부의 동공으로 저분자량의 기체 게스트 분자가 포집되며 형성되는 고체 결정 화합물이다. 현재까지 다양한 호스트 분자가 clathrate 화합물을 형성하는 것으로 보고되어 있으며, 이 중 유기물인 hydroquinone 역시 clathrate compound를 형성할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. clathrate compound는 작은 고체 부피 내부에 막대한 양의 기체 분자를 저장할 수 있는 특성을 지니고 있기 때문에, 에너지 가스의 저장/수송이나 혼합 가스의 선택적 분리와 같은 다양한 응용을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 clathrate compound를 형성하는 유기 호스트 분자인 hydroquinone을 이용하여 다양한 기체분자들에 대한 포집 거동을 파악하였다. 순수 기체로는 $N_2$, $H_2$, $CO_2$, $CH_4$의 4종류를 가지고 고압 반응기에서 50bar의 압력, 상온에서의 반응 조건으로 반응을 시켰다. 이렇게 형성된 반응 샘플들은 clathrate 형성 여부(기체의 포집 여부)를 확인하기 위하여 x-ray 회절을 통한 고체 결정 구조 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 순수 기체 이외에 다양한 비율(20%, 40%, 60%, 80%)의 조성을 갖는 $CO_2+N_2$ 혼합가스를 이용하여 clathrate compound의 형성과 조성 분석을 수행하였는데, x-ray 회절 분석과 13C 고체 NMR 분석을 통해 미세 구조 분석 연구를 수행하였고, Raman분석을 통하여 그 조성을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 기체의 저장/수송이나 혼합 가스의 선택적 분리와 같은 응용 분야에서 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.