• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.248-248
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• 1996

경구투여급성독성시험 : 암수동물의 모든 투여군에서 시험물질투여에 의한 일반증상, 체중변화 및 육안적 부검소견은 관찰되지 않았으며. 따라서 반수치사량(LD$_{50}$)은 암수동물의 경우 5000mg/kg이상이었다. 경구투여아급성독성시험 : SD랫트의 암수 동물에 있어서 Captopril(SR Tablet 25mg)의 2000mg/kg 용량은 확실중독량에 해당되며, 무영향량(NOEL)은 220mg/kg용량이라고 사료되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1967

In order to evaluate the elimination of CO through the lung comparing with the decrease of CO content in the blood, authors had induced acute CO poisoning on 9 dogs. Arterial CO-Hb saturation, CO concentration, %, in expired gas and eliminated CO amount through the lung were measured at 1,5,10,30,60, and 120 minutes after acute CO poisoning in 6 dogs breathing room air and 3 dogs breathing room air and oxygen alternately. Results obtained are summarized as follows. In room air breathing group, arterial CO-Hb saturation averaged 50.8% , and 53.67 ml of CO was blew off through the lung during 120 minutes and in alternately air and oBygen breathing group, the arterial CO-Hb saturation averaged 65.6% and 95.6 ml of CO was blew off through the lung. The amount of CO eliminated in expired gas for 120 minute was much less than the amount of decreased CO in arterial blood which was calculated with the decreased CO-Hb content in the estimated circulating blood volume. Such difference between the amount of eliminated CO in expired gas and the decreased CO in blood might be attributed to the oxidation of CO to $CO_2$ in the tissues. Concentration of CO in expired gas was markedly increased and the rate of decrease in arterial CO-Hb saturation is enhanced by oxygen breathing. In early period of recovery from acute CO poisoning, neither the CO concentration in expired gas, nor, the rate of CO elimination (unlit 2 minutes after CO poisoning) showed close correlation with the blood CO-Hb saturation level. The reason seemed to be due to irregularly depressed or unevenly stimulated respiration which were induced by acute CO poisoning.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.111-112
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• 2014

Exhaust gas boiler system with respect to national and international safety standards, comparative study best suited to the realities of local exhaust and exhaust system manufacturing, certification standards and gas boiler installation, management, and mip draft inspection standards will proceed through this study.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.845-852
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 디지털 세대를 위한 스마트폰 중독 방지 런처와 다중지능 및 집단지성을 활용한 머신 러닝 기반 콘텐츠 추천 시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 통해 어린 자녀의 디지털 기기 과다 사용을 불안해하는 부모들에게 편리한 디지털 양육 경험을 제공하고 자녀에게는 즐겁고 안전한 학습 환경과 학습 능률을 제고하는 적응 형 개별 디지털 학습법을 제시한다. 제안하는 앱은 시간제한 설정과 더불어 유해 콘텐츠와 스마트폰 중독의 위험으로부터 자녀를 보호하는 게이미피케이션 런처이다. 수많은 교육용 콘텐츠 및 앱 중에서 선택이 어려운 부모들에게 아이들의 학습 및 활동 정보를 수집 분석하여 빅 데이터 기반의 학습 분석 리포트를 제공 하고 집단지성을 통한 추천 알고리즘으로 자녀에게 필요한 콘텐츠를 추천하는 시스템으로 구성된다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2019

Purpose: The objective was to determine the association between PaCO₂ and adverse cardiovascular events (ACVEs) in carbon monoxide (CO)-poisoned patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 194 self-breathing patients after CO poisoning with an indication for hyperbaric oxygen therapy and available arterial blood gas analysis at presentation and 6 hours later. The baseline characteristics and clinical course during hospitalization were collected and compared. The mean PaCO₂ during the first 6 hours after presentation was calculated. Results: The incidence rates of moderate (30 mmHg< PaCO₂ <35 mmHg) or severe (PaCO₂ ≤30 mmHg) hypocapnia at presentation after acute CO poisoning were 40.7% and 26.8%, respectively. The mean PaCO₂ during the first 6 hours was 33 (31-36.7) mmHg. The incidence of ACVEs during hospitalization was 50.5%. A significant linear trend in the incidence of ACVEs was observed across the total ranges of PaCO₂ variables. In multivariate regression analysis, mean PaCO₂ was independently associated with ACVEs (OR 0.798 (95% CI 0.641-0.997)). Conclusion: Mean PaCO₂ during the first 6 hours was associated with increased ACVEs. Given the high incidence of ACVEs and PaCO₂ derangement and the observed association between PaCO₂ and ACVEs, this study suggests that 1) PaCO₂ should be monitored at the acute stage to predict and/or prevent ACVEs; and 2) further study is needed to validate this result and investigate early manipulation of PaCO₂ as treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 1978

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most serious health problems in Korea. In this review, the author made a intensive reference review on the causes of carbon monoxide poisoning, the patterns of carbon monoxide poisoning and the prospects of CO poisoning. Following findings were induced through the review. 1. Carbon monoxide poisoning is influenced by variable social factors than any other diseases or accidents and is more closely related with the economical and cultural parameters of the community. 2. The increase of risk in the populatlon is expected by National Energy Policy and the hazards of CO poisoning will rather be increasing as long as no radical control measure will be taken. 3. More practical control measure, including extensive public relation service, should be established to eradicate this serious health hazard in Korea.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2001

After initial recovery from acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, some patients occasionally undergo severe neuropsychiatric deterioration, which is called postanoxic delayed encephalopathy (sequelae). This is the clinical report about one patient, a 73-year-old man, diagnosed with delayed encephalopathy after acute CO intoxication. The symptoms of the patient were mental dysfunction including memory impairment and disorientation, abnormal behavior, incontinence and mutism. He had completely recovered after an aonxic episode, but the neurological symptoms that developed were preceded by an interval of apparent normality (the 'lucid interval'). We characterized him as suffering deficiency syndrome of the heart and prescribed for him Bokreongbosim-tang and Guipi-tang, and thereafter his symptoms were remarkably improved. For the evaluation of clinical improvement, we use the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Canadian Neurologic Scale (CNS), and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE)

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2019

Purpose: Thallium (TI+) autometallography is often used for the imaging of neuronal metabolic activity in the rodent brain under various pathophysiologic conditions. The purpose of this study was to apply a thallium autometallographic technique to observe changes in neuronal activity in the forebrain of rats following acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. Methods: In order to induce acute CO intoxication, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1100 ppm of CO for 40 minutes, followed by 3000 ppm of CO for 20 minutes. Animals were sacrificed at 30 minutes and 5 days after induction of acute CO intoxication for thallium autometallography. Immunohistochemical staining and toluidine blue staining were performed to observe cellular damage in the forebrain following intoxication. Results: Acute CO intoxication resulted in significant reduction of TI+ uptake in major forebrain structures, including the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and striatum. In the cortex and hippocampal CA1 area, marked reduction of TI+ uptake was observed in the cell bodies and dendrites of pyramidal neurons at 30 minutes following acute CO intoxication. There was also strong uptake of TI+ in astrocytes in the hippocampal CA3 area following acute CO intoxication. However, there were no significant histological findings of cell death and no reduction of NeuN (+) neuronal populations in the cortex and hippocampus at 5 days after acute CO intoxication. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that thallium autometallography can be a new and useful technique for imaging functional changes in neural activity of the forebrain structure following mild to moderate CO intoxication.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the injury of putative parvalbumin positive interneurons defined by molecular marker and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a marker of neural plasticity following acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1100 ppm CO for 40 minutes followed by 3000 ppm CO for 20 minutes. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injection of NAC (150 mg/kg) for 5 days after CO exposure. Changes in learning and spatial memory were evaluated by Y-maze test 5 days after the poisoning. In vivo LTP in hippocampal CA1 area was evaluated by using extracellular electrophysiological technique. Immunohistochemical staining were adopted to observe expressional damages of parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactive interneurons in the hippocampus following the poisoning. Results: Acute CO intoxication resulted in no changes in memory performance at Y-maze test but a significant reduction of LTP in the in hippocampal CA1 area. There was also a significant reduction of PV (+) interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 area 5 days after CO poisoning. Daily treatment of NAC significantly improved hippocampal LTP impairment and reduced immunoreactivity for PV in the hippocampus following the acute CO poisoning. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that reduction of hippocampal LTP and PV (+) interneurons in the hippocampus is sensitive indicator for brain injury and daily NAC injections can be the alternative therapeutics for the injury induced by acute CO poisoning.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 가스보일러 가동 중 배기통이 이탈하는 상황이 발생했을 때, 시스템적으로 인지하고 자동으로 보일러 가동을 중지하여 일산화탄소를 포함한 유해 배기가스가 실내로 유입되는 상황을 근원적으로 차단하는 방안을 제시하였다: (1) 연소에 필요한 공기량을 제어하기 위해 설치된 풍압센서(APS : Air Pressure Sensor)의 출력전압을 측정하여 배기통의 정상상태와 이탈상태를 감시하는 기능을 추가한다. (2) 배기통이 이탈하면 APS의 출력전압이 상시 운전범위에서 일시적으로 상승하게 된다. 보일러 제어부인 PCB가 이 상태를 배기통 이탈로 간주하여 보일러 가동을 멈추면서 배기통 이탈 상태를 실내온도 조절기에 표시하도록 한다. 또한 국토교통부령으로 정한 「건축물의 설비기준 등에 관한 규칙」에서 명시한 공동주택 및 다중이용시설의 환기시설 기준에 따라, 실내공기 교환횟수에 맞는 풍량을 적용하여 실내공기를 환기하는 실험을 실시하였다. 이 실험 결과 실제 일산화탄소가 실내에 누출된 최악의 상태에서, 중독사고 예방이 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다. 다만, 동 규칙에서 정의한 시간당 실내공기 교환횟수를 기존 0.7회에서 0.5회로 2013년부터 완화하여 운영하고 있는데, 실험결과 8시간 가중평균 노출기준인 TWA 30 ppm을 초과하는 농도가 측정되어 기준을 강화할 필요성이 있다. 본 연구 결과에 기초하여 가스보일러 배기압력의 기계적 인지를 통해 배기통 이탈을 감지하는 기술과 일산화탄소 경보기와 연동된 실내공기 환기시스템 기술을 도입한다면 일산화탄소 중독사고가 크게 감소될 것으로 판단된다. 제조 및 검사단계의 문제점을 보완하고, 올바른 설치 및 수리, 사용자의 배기통 이탈에 대한 관심이 더해졌을 때, 일산화탄소 중독으로 인한 인명사고를 예방하는데 효과적인 대책이 될 것으로 사료된다.