• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2019

Here we report a case of a focal atypical proliferative nodule (PN) arising from a congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN). Diagnosis was challenging because it had both benign and malignant clinical features. Unusual histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and intraoperative findings of this atypical PN are discussed. A 5-year-old girl was admitted for a congenital $5{\times}5cm$ sized scalp mass. This hemangioma-like soft mass showed biphasic characteristics such as a slow, gradual, and benign increase in size but worrisome dural invasion with cranial bone defect. We removed the scalp mass with clear resection margins. Interoperatively, we found that the cranial bone defect had already filled. Histopathologic examination showed CMN with focal atypical PN. The nodule showed sharp demarcation and cellular pleomorphism. However, in immunohistochemical study, Ki-67 proliferation index and expression levels of protein S-100 and Melan-A were very low. These were unusual findings of atypical PNs. Despite her worrisome preoperative radiologic features, she showed an indolent clinical course compatible with previously reported biologic behavior. The patient underwent follow-up inspection with magnetic resonance imaging every 6 months for up to 3 years. The nodule appeared to be stationary at the last visit.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.811-821
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• 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces mycolic acids which are relevant for persistence, recalcitrance to antibiotics and defiance to host immunity. c-di-GMP is a second messenger involved in transition from planktonic cells to biofilms, whose levels are controlled by diguanylate cyclases (DGC) and phosphodiesterases (PDE). The transcriptional regulator dosR, is involved in response to low oxygen, a condition likely happening to a subset of cells within biofilms. Here, we found that in M. bovis BCG, expression of both BCG1416c and BCG1419c genes, which code for a DGC and a PDE, respectively, decreased in both stationary phase and during biofilm production. The kasA, kasB, and fas genes, which are involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis, were induced in biofilm cultures, as was dosR, therefore suggesting an inverse correlation in their expression compared with that of genes involved in c-di-GMP metabolism. The relative abundance within trehalose dimycolate (TDM) of α-mycolates decreased during biofilm maturation, with methoxy mycolates increasing over time, and keto species remaining practically stable. Moreover, addition of synthetic c-di-GMP to mid-log phase BCG cultures reduced methoxy mycolates, increased keto species and practically did not affect α-mycolates, showing a differential effect of c-di-GMP on keto- and methoxy-mycolic acid metabolism.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2014

이전 연구에서 퍼지 C-Means의 중심 데이터로 이루어진 보조 데이터를 이용한 히스토그램 등화기법을 제안하였다. 보조 데이터를 이용한 히스토그램 등화기법은 사용하는 참조 집합의 크기에 따라 화자 식별 성능에 영향을 받는다. 그러나 인식 시점에서 최적의 파라미터를 찾기는 어렵다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 화자 식별을 위한 다수 투표 방식에 기반을 둔 보조 데이터를 이용한 히스토그램 등화기법을 제안한다. 다수 투표 기반의 제안한 방법은 여러 종류의 보조 데이터를 이용한 히스토그램 등화기법으로 입력 음성을 분류한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법을 CMN(Cepstral Mean Normalization), MVN(Mean and Variance Normalization), HEQ(Histogram Equalization)와 같은 기존의 특징 정규화 방법 및 보조 데이터를 이용한 히스토그램 등화기법과 비교한다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.1165-1174
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 무질서 효과가 고려된, 새로이 가정한 가상 결정 근사법 내의 Empirical Pseudopotential Method(EPM)를 사용하여 3원계 질화물계 화합물 반도체 InAs1-xNx의 휨 매개변수 및 에너지 밴드갭을 계산하였다. InAs1-xNx 조성비 구간($0{\leq}x{\leq}0.05$)에서 계산된 휨 매개변수는 4.1eV를 갖으며, 해당되는 에너지 밴드갭들이 급격히 감소하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. EPM에 의한 계산 결과를 온도와 조성비를 고려한 수정된 Band Anti-Crossing(BAC) 모델에 적용하여 질화물계 화합물 반도체 InAs1-xNx의 에너지 띠구조를 계산하였다. 또한 InAs1-xNx의 결합 상수 CMN=1.8 등을 결정할 수 있었으며, 계산결과는 실험치를 대체로 잘 설명할 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2018

Accurate and rapid detection of bacterial plant pathogen is the first step toward disease management and prevention of pathogen spread. Bacterial plant pathogens Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Cmn), Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pss), and Rathayibacter tritici (Rt) cause Goss's bacterial wilt and blight of maize, Stewart's wilt of maize and spike blight of wheat and barley, respectively. The bacterial diseases are not globally distributed and not present in Korea. This study adopted comparative genomics approach and aimed to develop specific primer pairs to detect these three bacterial pathogens. Genome comparison among target pathogens and their closely related bacterial species generated 15-20 candidate primer pairs per bacterial pathogen. The primer pairs were assessed by a conventional PCR for specificity against 33 species of Clavibacter, Pantoea, Rathayibacter, Pectobacterium, Curtobacterium. The investigation for specificity and sensitivity of the primer pairs allowed final selection of one or two primer pairs per bacterial pathogens. In our assay condition, a detection limit of Pss and Cmn was $2pg/{\mu}l$ of genomic DNA per PCR reaction, while the detection limit for Rt primers was higher. The selected primers could also detect bacterial cells up to $8.8{\times}10^3cfu$ to $7.84{\times}10^4cfu$ per gram of grain seeds artificially infected with corresponding bacterial pathogens. The primer pairs and PCR assay developed in this study provide an accurate and rapid detection method for three bacterial pathogens of grains, which can be used to investigate bacteria contamination in grain seeds and to ultimately prevent pathogen dissemination over countries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1252-1258
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• 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effects of cumin essential oil on the silage fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silages. Methods: Alfalfa was harvested at early bloom (5th cutting) stage in October and wilted for about 3 hours. The research was carried out at three groups which were the control group where no additive control was done (CON), cumin essential oil (CMN3) with 300 mg/kg and CMN5 with 500 mg/kg cumin essential oil addition. Alfalfa was ensiled in plastic bags. The packages were stored at $8^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ under laboratory conditions. All groups were sampled for physical, chemical and microbiological analysis 120th day after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period, all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 7 days. In addition, enzimatic solubility of organic matter (ESOM), metabolizable energy (ME), and relative feed value (RFV) of these silages were determined. Results: pH level decreased in the cumin groups compared to CON (p<0.05), thus inhibiting proteolytic enzymes from breaking down proteins into ammonia. In addition, it increased ESOM amount, and concordantly provided an increase of ME contents. Similarly, dry matter intake and RFV ratio increased. After opening the silage, it kept its aerobic stability for three days. Conclusion: Cumin essential oil improved fermentation, and affected chemical and microbiological characteristics of silages. Especially the addition of 300 mg/kg cumin provided cell wall fractionation through stimulating the activities of enzymes responsible. It also increased the number and activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) through providing a development of LAB.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

Background In patients with congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN), single-stage removal of large lesions can be difficult because the high tension created by excising and repairing a large lesion may result in scar widening. Herein, we introduce a method to effectively excise lesions while minimizing scarring and compare its outcomes to those of existing surgical methods. Methods We compared patients who underwent surgery using the anchoring technique (n=42) or the conventional elliptical technique (n=36). One side of the lesion was removed via en bloc resection up to the superficial fascia. The other side of the lesion was removed via de-epithelialization. The de-epithelialized dermal flap was then fixed by suturing it to the superficial fascia on the opposite side. The length of the lesion's long axis and amount of scar widening were measured immediately after surgery and at 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. At 12 months, patients were assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Results The lesion locations included the face, arms, legs, back, and abdomen. The anchoring method resulted in shorter and smaller scars than the conventional method. There were no cases of postoperative hematoma or wound dehiscence. Significant differences in postoperative scar widening were found in the arm and leg areas (P<0.05). Conclusions The anchoring method introduced in this study can provide much better outcomes than the conventional method. The anchoring method is particularly useful for the removal of CMN around the joints or extremities, where the surgical site is subjected to high tension.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an approach which constructs classifier ensembles of various channel compensation and feature enhancement methods. CMN and CMVN are used as channel compensation methods. PCA, kernel PCA, greedy kernel PCA, and kernel multimodal discriminant analysis are used as feature enhancement methods. The proposed ensemble system is constructed with the combination of 15 classifiers which include three channel compensation methods (including 'without compensation') and five feature enhancement methods (including 'without enhancement'). Experimental results show that the proposed ensemble system gives highest average speaker identification rate in various environments (channels, noises, and sessions).

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1997년도 영남지회 학술발표회 논문집 Acoustic Society of Korean Youngnam Chapter Symposium Proceedings
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• pp.17-22
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 음성 인식기의 성능을 저하시키는 요인중 부가 잡음과 마이크의 변동에 의한 채널 왜곡을 동시에 감소시키는 방법으로 기존의 전처리에 의한 환경덥음처리기법의 단점을 개선한 Histogram 처리기법을 잡음처리에 도입하고 그 유효성을 확인하였다. 도입한 잡음처리기법의 유효성을 확인하기 위하여 기존의 잡음처리기법으로 잘 알려진 여러 가지 방법과 비교하기 위하여 단어 인식실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 부가잡음만이 첨가된 경우에 있어서는 일반적으로 알려진 SS, CMN, RASTA등을 이용한 결과 전처리방법을 이용하지 않은 경우의 기본인식률에 비해 SN비에 따라 25% 이상이 인식률 향상을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 CDCN 처리와 H-RASTA를 사용한 경우, 채널왜곡과 부가잡음이 함께 포함된 음성에 대해 SN비에 관계없이 약 15~30%정도의 인식률의 향상을 볼 수 있어 기존 방법으로서는 이글 방법이 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 위에 Histogram 에 의한 추정법을 적용한 경우 전처리의 성능을 10~15% 정도 성능향상을 가져와 도입한 방법의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.37-40
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• 2001

This paper describes the selection and evaluation of RP processes. Major rapid prototyping processes such as SLS, SLA, FDM and LOM, which are wide spread in use are selected. A test part, which includes various primitives, is designed in order to evaluate these RP processes. Measurement of the test part is automated by using a CMN program. To visualize and analyze measured data, Microsoft Access and Visual C++ are used. Also, from measured data obtained, TOPSIS, one of the decision making methods, and Shannon Entropy is used to select an appropriate RP process for specific application.