• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.518-520
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a hand gesture recognition method by modifying the textNAS used for text classification so that it can be applied to multivariate time series data. It can be applied to various fields such as behavior recognition, emotion recognition, and hand gesture recognition through multivariate time series data classification. In addition, it automatically finds a deep learning model suitable for classification through training, thereby reducing the burden on users and obtaining high-performance class classification accuracy. By applying the proposed method to the DHG-14/28 and Shrec'17 datasets, which are hand gesture recognition datasets, it was possible to obtain higher class classification accuracy than the existing models. The classification accuracy was 98.72% and 98.16% for DHG-14/28, and 97.82% and 98.39% for Shrec'17 14 class/28 class.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2024

In this research, we propose a Semi-Supervised learning based railroad surface defect detection method. The Resnet50 model, pretrained on ImageNet, was employed for the training. Data without labels are randomly selected, and then labeled to train the ResNet50 model. The trained model is used to predict the results of the remaining unlabeled training data. The predicted values exceeding a certain threshold are selected, sorted in descending order, and added to the training data. Pseudo-labeling is performed based on the class with the highest probability during this process. An experiment was conducted to assess the overall class classification performance based on the initial number of labeled data. The results showed an accuracy of 98% at best with less than 10% labeled training data compared to the overall training data.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.10 s.255
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• pp.675-679
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• 2005

Background: Clinical reports on replacement of all three (AV + MV + TV) valves are rare. Material and Method: From January 1992 to December 2003, 38 patients received triple valve replacement (aortic, mitral, tricuspid) at Yonsei Cardiovascular Center. Mean age of patients was $49.5\pm10.7 (28\~69)$ years, and 24 patients $(63.1\%)$ were female. Rheumatic valve disease was the most common cause of operation (n=37). Preoperative New York Heart Association functional class were II in 4, III in 24 and IV in 10. Fifteen patients (group 1) received triple valve replacement at their first operation. Twenty three patients (group 2) received one or more operations before tricuspid valve replacement (TVR). Seven patients received tricuspid valve annuloplasty at first operation and received TVR later. Result: Six patients died at hospital after operation $(15.8\%)$ and all these patients were in group 2. All patients in group I survived and were discharged. Three patients $(9.4\%)$ died during follow up periods. Most of the survivors had improved functional class (I in 22, II in 8, III in 1, IV in 1). During follow up period, there were 4 valve related complications. The 10-year survival rate was $68.8\%$ and survival rate for free from valve related event at 10 years was $85.5\%$. Conclusion: After triple valve replacement, most patients showed improvement of symptoms. And during follow up period, valve related complications and survival were acceptable. Therefore, if indicated, triple valve replacement is recommended before the patients' conditions get worse.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2009

Background: Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) greater than or equal to a mild grade requires tricuspid valvuloplasty, and tricuspid valvuloplasty with ring annuloplasty has shown good outcomes. We report here on our early experience with the Edwards $MC^3$ annuloplasty system (Edwards LifeSciences, Irvine, CA). Material and Method: From November 2004 to July 2006, 72 patients with tricuspid annular dilatation and TR underwent tricuspid valvuloplasty with using the Edwards $MC^3$ annuloplasty ring. Sixty-eight patients were operated on via median sternotomy and four patients were operated on using robotic assisted minimal invasive thoracotomy. The patient population included 21 males and 51 females and their mean age was $53.9{\pm}12.3$. The mean grade of TR, as assessed by the preoperative echocardiography, was $2.2{\pm}1.0$. The mean NYHA functional class was $3.1{\pm}0.8$. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was $57.0{\pm}9.9$%. Result: The TR and NYHA functional class, as assessed by postoperative echocardiography, was significantly reduced (mean=$0.4{\pm}0.6$ and $2.0{\pm}0.7$, respectively p<0.001). There was one case of hospital mortality. One patient required permanent pacemaker insertion for third degree atrioventricular block. Conclusion: Our study shows that the Edwards $MC^3$ remodeling ring is easy to implant and it effectively corrects functional TR with excellent clinical and echocardiographic outcomes. Further follow-up and a larger clinical series are required to establish the long-term stability of this repair technique.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2013

To assess the effect of environmental factors on the sustainability of cultured production shellfish, we investigated the habitat characteristics of tidal flat (Namhae-po in Taean). We measured the physiochemical parameters (temperature, salanity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients) and the geochemical characteristics (chemical oxygen demand, ignition loss, C/N ratio and C/S ratio). Surface sediments were collected from several site of tidal flat to examine the geochemical characteristics of both the benthic environment and heavy metal pollution. The grain size for research area of tidal flat were similar at the ratio of silt and clay in comparison with the other site of it. The C/N ratio was more than 5.0, reflecting the range arising from the mix of marine organism and organic matter. The C/S ratio (about 2.8) showed that survey area had anoxic or sub-anoxic bottom conditions. The enrichment factor (Ef) and index of accumulation rate (Igeo) of the metals showed that those research areas can be classified as heavily polluted, heavily to moderately polluted, or more or less unpolluted, respectively. Adult surf clam (Mactra veneriformis) density was highest at St. 2 (middle part of the Namhae-po), on the other hand, surf clam spat density was highest at St. 3 (lower part of the Namhae-po). Heavy rain, terrigenous suspended clay with fresh water from neighboring agricultural land, and severe high air temperature during summer could be thought as detrimental causes of spat and adult mortality in Namhae-po tidal flat. We suggested that the growth of shellfish in the tidal flat was effected by the various environmental conditions, so an improvement in the cultured method was needed.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2014

To assess the effect of environmental factors on the sustainability of cultured production manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), we investigated the habitat characteristics of tidal flat (Hwangdo and Jeongsanpo in Taean). We measured the physiochemical parameters (temperature, salanity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients) and the characteristics (mean size, chemical oxygen demand, ignition loss, C/N ratio and C/S ratio) of surface sediments. The C/N ratio of Hwangdo and Jeongsanpo were 9.0, 5.3 and the C/S ratio was 0.162, 0.159. The concentration of chlorophyll a at Hwangdo was higher than that of Jeongsanpo and species of micro algae were 102 and 100. The enrichment factor (Ef) and index of accumulation rate (Igeo) of the metals showed that those research areas can be classified as heavily polluted, heavily to moderately polluted, or more or less unpolluted, respectively. So two survey area of cultured clams in the tidal flat have been effected by the various environmental conditions, there are needed an improvement methods and continuous research for increasing the production of manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2016

To assess the effects of environmental factors on the sustainability of cultured ark shell Scapharca broughtonii production, we investigated the habitat characteristics of shellfish-farming bays (Gangjin Bay, Yeoja Bay, Keoje Bay and Deukryang Bay). We measured the physiochemical parameters (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chemical oxygen demand and Chlorophyll a) and the geochemical characteristics (chemical oxygen demand, ignition loss, C/N ratio and C/S ratio). Surface sediments were collected from several shellfish-farming bays to examine the geochemical characteristics of both the benthic environment and heavy metal pollution. The grain sizes for Gangjin Bay, Yeoja Bay and Keoje Bay were similar, at the ratio of silt and clay in comparison with Deukryang bay of it. The C/N ratio was more than 5.9, reflecting the range arising from the mix of marine organisms and organic matter. The C/S ratio (more than 4.2) showed that the survey area had anoxic or sub-anoxic bottom conditions. The index of accumulation rate (Igeo) of the metals showed that those research areas can be classified as heavily polluted, heavily to moderately polluted, or more or less unpolluted, respectively. We suggested that the growth of ark shell Scapharca broughtonii in the shellfish-farming bay was effected by the various environmental conditions.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 1997

This paper is concerned with the problem of speaker-adaptive speech synthes is method using a mapped codebook designed by fuzzy mapping on FLVQ (Fuzzy Learning Vector Quantization). The FLVQ is used to design both input and reference speaker's codebook. This algorithm is incorporated fuzzy membership function into the LVQ(learning vector quantization) networks. Unlike the LVQ algorithm, this algorithm minimizes the network output errors which are the differences of clas s membership target and actual membership values, and results to minimize the distances between training patterns and competing neurons. Speaker Adaptation in speech synthesis is performed as follow;input speaker's codebook is mapped a reference speaker's codebook in fuzzy concepts. The Fuzzy VQ mapping replaces a codevector preserving its fuzzy membership function. The codevector correspondence histogram is obtained by accumulating the vector correspondence along the DTW optimal path. We use the Fuzzy VQ mapping to design a mapped codebook. The mapped codebook is defined as a linear combination of reference speaker's vectors using each fuzzy histogram as a weighting function with membership values. In adaptive-speech synthesis stage, input speech is fuzzy vector-quantized by the mapped codcbook, and then FCM arithmetic is used to synthesize speech adapted to input speaker. The speaker adaption experiments are carried out using speech of males in their thirties as input speaker's speech, and a female in her twenties as reference speaker's speech. Speeches used in experiments are sentences /anyoung hasim nika/ and /good morning/. As a results of experiments, we obtained a synthesized speech adapted to input speaker.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1728-1735
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• 2008

The present study was conducted with four ruminally canulated Holstein cows to observe the effects of monensin or fish oil on diet fermentation and production of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) in the rumen when fed diets supplemented with soybean oil and sodium bicarbonate. Cows of the control treatment were fed a basal diet (CON) consisting of 60% commercial concentrate and 40% chopped rye grass hay. Cows of other treatments were fed the same diet as CON, but the concentrate was supplemented with 7% of soybean oil and 0.5% of sodium bicarbonate (SO-B), SO-B supplemented with monensin (30 ppm, SO-BM) or concentrate supplemented with 6.3% of soybean oil, 0.5% of sodium-bicarbonate, 30 ppm of monensin and 0.7% of fish oil (SO-BMF). Dry matter (DM) intake of the cows was significantly (p<0.011) reduced by feeding the SO-BMF diet compared to the other diets which did not differ in DM intake. Whole tract digestibility of major dietary components was significantly (p<0.004-0.027) higher for SO-BMF than the other supplement-containing diets. Dietary supplements did not clearly affect rumen pH and ammonia concentrations compared to the CON diet. Significantly reduced (p<0.05) total VFA concentration was obtained by the addition of fish oil to the diet (SO-BMF) compared to other diets. No differences, however, were obtained in major VFA proportions as well as in total VFA between the supplemented diets. The SO-BM diet increased (p<0.01-0.05) the concentrations of trans-11 $C_{18:1}$ and linoleic acid in rumen fluid. Total CLA concentration was also increased by the feeding of SO-B and SO-BM diets during early fermentation times (up to 3 h) post-feeding. Cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration in rumen fluid was highest (p<0.05) for SO-B up to 1 h while the highest (p<0.01) value for SO-BM occurred at 3 h post-feeding. An increased trans-10, cis-12 CLA concentration was obtained from the SO-B and SO-BM diets at 1 and 3 h post feeding compared to the other diets. Supplementation of oils with monensin and sodium bicarbonate increased (p<0.05) the proportions of $C_{18:1}$ and CLA in the plasma of cows, but the effect of monensin and/or fish oil was limited to trans-10, cis-12 CLA.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2004

There are only limited numbers of reports about long-term results of tricuspid valve replacement(TVR) with bioprosthetic and mechanical prostheses. We analyzed risk factors for tricuspid valve replacement and compared long-term clinical results of bioprosthetic and mechanical valves in tricuspid position. Material and Method: We reviewed 77 cases of TVR, which were performed between October 1978 and December 1996. Mean age was 38.8 15.9 years. Bioprostheses were implanted in 26 cases and mechanical prostheses were implanted in 51 cases. Result The operative mortality was 15.6% and late mortality was 12.3%. Survival for bioprosthetic and mechanical valve group at 5, 10 and 13 years was 81.3% vs. 100%, 66.1% vs. 100%, 60.6% vs. 100% (p=0.0175). Free from valve related re-operation for bioprosthetic and mechanical valve group at 5, 10 and 13 years was 100% vs. 93.9%, 100% vs. 93.9% and 58.3% vs. 93.9% (p=0.3274). Linealized incidences of valve related re-operation for bioprosthetic and mechanical valve group was 2.27 %/patient-years and 1.10 %/patient-years. Risk factor analysis showed that presence of preoperative ascites, hepatomegaly larger than 2 finger breaths, poor preoperative NYHA functional class and number of tricuspid valve replacement were risk factors for early mortality, and the use of bioprosthetic valve and number of open heart surgery were risk factors for late mortality. Conclusion: Long-term survival of mechanical valve was superior to bioprosthetic valve in tricuspid position. We recommend mechanical valve in tricuspid position if the patient can be closely followed up.