• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2008

복합 싸이클 시험 모니터링을 통해 NaCl, $CaCl_2$ 제설염 환경에서 11 % Cr, 17 % Cr 페라이트 스테인리스강의 외면부식특성을 조사하고자 하였다. 용액 내 NaCl 및 $CaCl_2$의 농도가 증가함에 따라 용액의 pH가 떨어졌으며, $CaCl_2$의 농도증가에 따른 산성화도가 NaCl에 비해 크게 나타났다. 염수분무-건조-습윤 과정의 반복으로 구성되어 있는 복합싸이클 시험 중 소재의 표면상태 변화를 모니터링 한 결과, 건조 과정 중에 공식이 시작되며, NaCl 환경의 경우엔 습윤과정 중에 $CaCl_2$ 환경의 경우엔 건조 중에 공식성장이 주로 이루어지는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.659-665
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• 2012

IgY (Immunoglobulin Yolk) in egg yolk corresponds to IgG (Immunoglobulin G) in animal serum and plays an important role as immunological proteins in intestines. Carrageenan and Arabic gum were used as pretreatment agents to purify IgY from fresh egg yolk. DEAE (Diethylaminoethyl) Sepharose column in FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid chromatography) was an ion exchange tool to remove contaminants as well as to elute IgY from the column. GF HPLC (Gel Filtration High Performance Liquid Chromatography) enables to measure the molecular weights of IgY and to identify the purified IgY by comparing the molecular weight of standard IgY with the purified one. IgY is a heterogeneous group of different molecular weight and ionic properties, which was investigated with various IE HPLC (Ion Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography) columns such as AX, CX and SCX. Three peaks of IgY were separated in the AX column under the conditions of 0.5 M NaCl and pH=8. The SCX column also gave the three peaks of IgY at 0.5 M NaCl and pH=5.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1079-1086
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trauma on cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression and to determine the role of Kupffer cells in trauma-induced alteration of CYP isozymes. Rats underwent closed femur fracture (FFx) with associated soft-tissue injury under anesthesia. To deplete Kupffer cells in vivo, gadolinium chloride ($GdCl_3$) was intravenously injected at 7.5 mg/kg body wt., 1 and 2 days prior to FFx surgery. At 72 h of FFx, liver tissues were isolated to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CYP isozymes and NADPH-P450 reductase by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western immunoblotting, respectively. In addition, the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were evaluated. FFx increased the mRNA level of CYP1A1; an increase that was not prevented by $GdCl_3$. There were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of CYP1A2, 2B1 and 2E1 among any of the experimental groups. The protein levels of CYP2B1 and 2E1 were significantly decreased by FFx; a decrease that was not prevented by $GdCl_3$ treatment. The gene expression of NADPH-P450 reductase was unchanged by FFx. FFx significantly increased the expression of TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA; an increase that was attenuated by $GdCl_3$. The mRNA expression of HO-1 was increased by FFx, but not by $GdCl_3$ . Our findings suggest that FFx differentially regulates the expression of CYP isozyme through Kupffer cell-independent mechanisms.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 2023

Objective : Low back pain (LBP) is a global health problem that affects the productivity of the patients. Several factors such as individual, occupational, and psychosocial factors increase the risk of LBP. However, only a few studies investigated those factors, especially in middle adulthood in Indonesia. Indonesia is a country with a young population that has been rapidly developing in recent years. This study was conducted to find out the factors associated with LBP in middle adulthood. Methods : This study is a cross-sectional observational analytic study using a convenience sampling method with a total sample of 3005 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was then analyzed using the chi-square test, Kolmogorov-smirnov, Spearman's Rank, and logistic regression test. Results : From the result of this study, it was found that the 12-month prevalence of LBP in middle-aged adults was 44,29%. Female (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.098-1.545; p=0.002), lack of physical exercises (OR, 0.87; 95% Cl, 0.794-0.959; p=0.005), high body mass index (OR, 1.09; 95% Cl, 1.009-1.187; p=0.002), stress level (OR, 1.26; 95% Cl, 1.088-1.458; p=0.002), and years of work experience (OR, 1.1; 95% Cl, 1.001-1.225; p=0.047) were determined as risk factors that significantly associated with LBP. Conclusion : LBP is quite common among middle-aged adults in Indonesia. Female gender, higher body mass index, lack of physical activity, stress level, and years of work experience were all potential risk factors for LBP in middle-aged adults. Middle-aged adults in Indonesia should be aware of LBP and avoid disabilities by identifying risk factors that may worsen LBP in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common respiratory condition and has been postulated that it develops because of rupture of subpleural blebs. Although the morphology and ultrastructure of causative lesions are well known, the reason for rupture of sbupleural blebs is not absolutely clear. Broad consensus concerning the role of meteorological factors in spontaneous pneumothorax dose not exist. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of change of atmospheric pressure and temperature on the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: One hundred twenty eight consecutive spontaneous pnemothorax events that occurred between January 2003 and December 2004 were selected. Changes of meteorological factors of particular days from the day before for 5 consecutive days were calculated and compared between the days with pneumothorax occurrence (SP days) and the days without pneumothorax occurrence (Non SP days). The correation between change of pressure and temperature and the occurrence of SP was evaluated. Result: SP occurred on 117 days (16.0%) in the 2-year period. Although there was no significant differences in change of pressure factors prior 4 days of SP occurrence compare to the 4 days prior Non SP day, change of mean pressure was higher (+0.934 vs. -0.191hPa, RR 1.042, Cl $1.003{\sim}1.082$, p=0.033), and change of maximum pressure fall was lower (3.280 vs. 4.791 hPa, RR 1.051, Cl $1.013{\sim}l.090$, p=0.009) on the 4 days prior SP day. There were significant differences in change of temperature factors prior 2 days and the day of SP, Changes of mean temperature (-0.576 vs.+$0.099^{\circ}C$, RR 0.886, 95% Cl $0.817{\sim}0.962$, p=0.004) and maximum temperature rise (7.231 vs. $8.079^{\circ}C$, RR 0.943 Cl $0.896{\sim}0.993$, p=0.027) were lower on the 2 days prior SP. But changes of mean temperature (0.533 vs. $-0.103^{\circ}C$, RR 1.141, Cl $1.038{\sim}l.255$, p=0.006) and maximum temperature rise (9.209 vs. $7.754^{\circ}C$, RR 1.123, Cl $1.061{\sim}1.190$, p=0.006) and maximum temperature rise (9.209 vs. $7.754^{\circ}C$ RR 1.123, Cl $1.061{\sim}l.190$, p=0.000) were higher on the SP days. Conclusion: Charge of atmospheric pressure and temperature seems to influence the chance of occurrence of SP. Meteorological phenomena that pressure rise 4 day prior to SP and following temperature fall and rise might explain the occurrence of SP. Further studies should be continued in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.827-833
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• 1996

Along with the increased necessity for an efficient utilization of Korean wild edible plants growing in fields and mountains, attempts were made to investigate the patterns of flavor changes accompanied hy various conditions of dispersion medium. The effect of various pH values and concentration of sucrose or NaCl of dispersion medium on volatile flavor patterns was investigated to evaluate the applicability of flavor components extracted from Capsella bursa-pastoris for food industry. Essential oils from this wild plant were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction (SDE) method using diethyl ether as solvent. Concentrated samples were analyzed s chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most volatile flavor components of Capsella bursa-pastoris showed good recovery when steam distilled at pH 7 by SDE method. Increasing concentration of sucrose and 15% by NaCl, resulted in greater numbers of identified flavor components from Capsella bursa-pastoris.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.384-390
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• 2003

Removal of phosphate from soil by leaching, runoff, and plant uptake is strongly influenced by the content and absorption characteristics of P in soil. In this study the relationships between water soluble phosphate and phosphate retention capacity of the soil was investigated. Water soluble and available phosphate, and phosphate absorption characteristics of 35 paddy soils were measured during incubation at $25^{\circ}C$. Water soluble phosphate content was highly correlated with available phosphate content, phosphorus absorption capacity (PAC), and phosphate absorbed (PS) in air-dried and wet soils. The most significant relationship was found between water soluble phosphate and the ratio of available phosphate and phosphate sorbed, and the relationship $0.01M\;CaCl_2-P=0.0828$ (Av. $P_2O_5/PS$)+0.0374 could be suggested for the estimation of water soluble phosphate from soil phosphorus characteristics.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2018

Phosphorus (P) is an essential and irreplaceable element for all living organisms, and it is widely used as a fertilizer. Unfortunately, it is estimated that phosphate reservoir is depleted within about 100 years. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is an alternative resource for P recovery because of its high P content. However, SSA cannot be directly used as a fertilizer due to heavy metals in it and low P bioavailability. Thermochemical treatment with Cl donor is known to reduce heavy metal contents and increase P bioavailability of SSA. Literature review on thermochemical technologies of SSA for the reduction of heavy metals and bioavailability enhancement has been carried out to estimate the status of current P recovery technology and to develop strategic future research plan for P recovery. The review showed that $CaCl_2$ and $MgCl_2$ were the most effective Cl donors and reaction temperature (< $1000^{\circ}C$) was the critical operation condition for the reduction. The removal efficiency depends on the species of heavy metals. Thermochemical technology of SSA for P recovery showed the possibility of commercial application in the near future to overcome the coming crisis of human sustainability by P depletion, but it needs cost effectiveness and more ecofriendly process to reduce energy consumption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.904-911
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• 2019

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of night light regimen on growth performance, antioxidant status and health of Lingnan Yellow broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Methods: A completely randomized factorial design involved 2 photoperiods (constant lighting [CL], 24 L:0 D and intermittent lighting [INL], 17 L:3 D:1 L:3 D)${\times}2$ light intensities (10 lx and 30 lx). A total of one thousand six hundred and eighty 1-d-old Lingnan Yellow broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates (70 birds per replicate). The experiment lasted for 21 d. Results: Photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality of the broiler chickens (p>0.05). The INL had a significant effect on average daily feed intake (p<0.05) of broiler chickens compared with CL. Photoperiod and light intensity had an interactive effect on melatonin (MT) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, reducing light intensity increased MT concentration; INL birds had higher MT but MT concentration was not affected by light intensity. There was an interactive effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in serum and total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in liver between photoperiod and light intensity. With the decrease of light intensity, the activities of GPx and CAT in serum and T-AOC in liver increased in CL group (p<0.05). Broiler chickens reared under INL had better antioxidant status and 10 lx treatments had higher activities of CAT in serum than 30 lx (p<0.05). Different photoperiods and light intensities had no effect on malondialdehyde. There was an interaction between photoperiod and light intensity on serum creatine kinase (CK) concentration (p<0.05). At CL, the elevated light intensity resulted in an increase in CK content; INL birds had lower CK concentration especially in low light intensity group. Besides, INL and low light intensity significantly reduced the concentration of serum corticosterone and heat shock protein 70 (p<0.05). Serum immunoglobulin M contents were increased in broiler chickens reared under the INL compared with CL group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results above suggest that the night light regimen of INL and 10 lx could be beneficial to the broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age due to the better health status and electricity savings.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.137-140
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• 2001

Compound PdCl₂(Phc≡N)₂(1) reacted with 2,6-diisopropylaniline to give trans-[Pd(NH₂-C/sub 6/-H₃-2, 6-i-Pr₂)₂Cl₂] (2). Compound 2 was characterized by spectroscopy (¹H-NMR, /sup 13/C-NMR, and IR) and X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data for 2: monoclinic space group P2₁/n, a=13.532(3) Å, b=5.749(1) Å, c=17.880(4)Å, β=103.84(2)°, Z=2, R(wR₂)=0.0466(0.1226).