• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the salinity on growth, inorganic ion content, and photosynthetic rate ($\textrm{P}^{N}$) in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) with complex fertilizer (CF) and NaCl concentrations. The salinity was applied to plant using NaCl and CF, and controlled an EC as 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$. The salinity treated three times at 35, 42 and 49 d after transplanting. The leaf area in different electrical conductivity (EC) decreased only the higher NaCl 1.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$. The root growth increased with CF and especially, it was two times higher at 3.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$ than that of control. But the root growth sharply decreased with NaCl compared to CF. The light saturation point of Korean ginseng was around 100 $\mu\textrm{mol}\;\textrm{m}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$ photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and $\textrm{P}^{N}$ increased as CF increased but decreased with NaCl especially at the late growth stage. The $\textrm{Na}^{+}$ content in Korean ginseng increased sharply with NaCl.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2021

The reaction between Li₂CO₃ and Cl₂ was investigated to verify its occurrence during a carbon-anode-based oxide reduction (OR) process. The reaction temperature was identified as a key factor that determines the reaction rate and maximum conversion ratio. It was found that the reaction should be conducted at or above 500℃ to convert more than 90% of the Li₂CO₃ to LiCl. Experiments conducted at various total flow rate (Q) / initial sample weight (W_i) ratios revealed that the reaction rate was controlled by the Cl₂ mass transfer under the experimental conditions adopted in this work. A linear increase in the progress of reaction with an increase in Cl₂ partial pressure (pCl₂) was observed in the pCl₂ region of 2.03-10.1 kPa for a constant Q of 100 mL·min^-1 and W_i of 1.00 g. The results of this study indicate that the reaction between Li₂CO₃ and Cl₂ is fast at 650℃ and the reaction is feasible during the OR process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 1997

Magnesium reduction of Mo(N-C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2)2Cl2(DME) in the presence of trimethylphosphine led to a mixture of Mo(N-C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2)(PMe3)2Cl3, 1, and Mo2(PMe3)4Cl4, 2. In solution 1 is slowly air-oxidized to Mo(N-2,6-i-Pr2-C6H3)(OPMe3)(PMe3)Cl3, 3. 1 is chemically inert to carbon nucleophiles (ZnMe2, ZnEt2, AlMe3, AlEt3, LiCp, NaCp, TlCp, NaCp*, MeMgBr, EtMgBr), oxygen nucleophiles (LiOEt, LiO-i-Pr, LiOPh, LiOSPh), and hydrides (LiBEt3H, LiBEt3D). Crystal data for 1: orthorhombic space group P212121, a=11.312(3) Å, b=11.908(3) Å, c=19.381(6) Å, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0463 (0.1067). Crystal data for 2: monoclinic space group Cc, a=18.384(3) Å, b=9.181(2) Å, c=19.118(3) Å, b=124.98(1)°, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0228 (0.0568). Crystal data for 3: orthorhombic space group P212121, a=11.464(1) Å, b=14.081(2) Å, c=16.614(3) Å, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0394 (0.0923).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.512-519
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• 1991

The axial ligations of nitrogenous bases (pyridine, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole and 2,6-lutidine) to Zn(II)-, Cu(II)-, and Ni(II)-tetrakis(o-chlorophenyl)porphyrin(o-ClTPP), and -tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) were investigated in organic solvents $(CH_2Cl_2,\;C_6H_6,\;CH_3NO_2,\;(CH_3)_2CO,\;CHCl_3,\;DMF\;and\;DMSO)$ and at 0.01M of ionic strength. The equilibrium constants for the ligation reactions of methalloporphyrins were determined using spectrophotometric method at 15∼35${\circ}C$. In case of M(II)-TPP the equilibrium constants K were considerably larger than those of M(II)-(o-Cl)TPP, depending on steric effect of the porphyrin. The linear relationships between logK of the axial ligation and $pK_a$ of nitrogenous base were shown in M(II)-TPP, but not in M(II)-(o-Cl)TPP. The stabilities of MTPP(L) were controlled by the reation enthalpy and entropy, while those of M(o-Cl)TPP almost by the reaction entropy. The coordinating power of solvent to the methalloporphyrin were also studied in $CHCl_3,\;(CH_3)_2CO$, DMF and DMSO. From those results the solvent effects on the equilibrium constants were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.291-304
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to analyze the facial asymmetry of the patients with the craniomandibular disorder. In this study, 50 patients, who have joint clicking and pain, mouth opening limitation, and 40 dental students, Chosun University, who did not posses any restoration and orthodontic treatment, joint clicking and pain, mouth opening limitation, were selected as the control group. Both the control group and the patient group were takened skull P-A, submento-vertex radiogram by standized methods. After that, the deviation and facial asymmetry were measured and analyzed. The results of the this study were as follows: 1. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the width difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 3.35㎜, patient group were 4.51㎜ (P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 1.83㎜, patient group were 3.27㎜(P<0.001). 2. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the height difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 131.85㎜, patient group were 188.45㎜(P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 1.58㎜, patient group were 2.68㎜(P<0.00l). 3. In the Skull P-A radiogram, the area difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Cg-Go-Cl: control group were 120.76㎟, patient group were 185.49㎟(P<0.05), the △Cg-Zy-Go: control group were 2.29㎟, patient group were 3.37㎟(p<0.05). 4. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the width difference of control group and patient group measured that the △Mr-Cl-Ia: control group were 1.50㎜, patient group were 2.35㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 1.75㎜, patient group were 3.17㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Go-Ia: control group were 1.96㎜, patient group were 3.24㎜(P<0.001), the △Mr-Cp-Co: control group were 1.74㎜, patient group were 2.73㎜(P<0.05). 5. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the height difference of control group and patient group measured that the △Mr-Cp-Ia: control group were 1.68㎜, patient group were 2.46㎜P<0.05), the △Mr-CI-Ia: control group were 2.38㎜, patient group were 3.74㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Co-Ia: control group were 1.63㎜, patient group were 2.80㎜(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 1.45㎜, patient group were 3.12㎜(P<0.001). 6. In the submento-vertex radiogram, the area difference of control group and patient group measured that the △ Mr-Cp-Ia: control group were 73.17㎟, patient group were 110.16㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cl-Ia: control group were 105.09㎟, patient group were 180.87㎟(P<0.001), the △Mr-Co-Ia: control group were 103.31㎟, patient group were 148.48㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Cm-Ia: control group were 97.01㎟, patient group were 167.83㎟(P<0.05), the △Mr-Go-Ia: control group were 104.24㎟, patient group were 205.90㎟(P<0.05).

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 1997

The growth kinetion of $CuCl_x$ layer on Cu was investigated using $Cl_2$ gas with/without plasma. The etching kinetics ofit was also studied, in which PEt3 gas as well as $Cl_2$ gas were used. when plasma and DC bias were applied, not only the growth rate of $CuCl_x$ layer but also the surface concentration of Cl in $CuCl_x$ layer drastically increased. The growth mode is divided into three regimes, where the thinkness $CuCl_x$ layer ise proportional to t, lo9g $T^{1/2}$ , respectively, whether plasma, is applied or not. These three regime. It is also identified that the eath rate of Cu is drastically increased as the $Cl_2$ pressure is increased. However, when plasma and DC bias were applied, the etching rate is decreased, and ClCu-P-U layer is formed. in addition, as the etching time is increased, the surface concentration of Cl is increased and $CuCl_2$ formed partially.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2011

Lactobacillus sakei OPK2-59 isolated from kimchi was found to have ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing ability and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity. When the Lactobacillus sakei OPK2-59 was cultured in MRS broth with 59.13 mM and 177.40 mM monosodium glutamate (MSG), the optimum temperature range and pH for growth were $25-37^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5, respectively. GABA conversion rates in MRS broth with 59.13 mM and 177.40 mM MSG were 99.58% and 31.00%, respectively at $25^{\circ}C$ and 48 h of cultivation. By using the cell free extract of Lactobacillus sakei OPK2-59, MSG was converted to GABA and the conversion rate was 78.51% at $30^{\circ}C$, pH 5. Conversion of MSG to GABA was enhanced by adding salts such as $CaCl_2$, $FeCl_3$, $MgCl_2$. These data suggest that the ability of Lactobacillus sakei OPK2-59 to produce GABA results from the activity of GAD in the cells and GABA conversion by the cell extract containing GAD can be enhanced by $CaCl_2$, $FeCl_3$, $MgCl_2$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2001

A laboratory experiment was performed to invstigate the nitrate removal using FeCl$_3$ -treated activated carbon. Iron chloride(III) was coated onto the surface of activated carbon. The removal efficiency of nitrate was increased with increasing of FeCl$_3$ was used for coating material. About 22~26mg of Fe per unit g of activated carbon was adsorbed. The nitrate removal was not affected by the pH under the experiment range of pH, but the pH value in solution decrease to 3.5~4.0 after reaction. The removal efficiency of nitrate was increased with increasing of dosage of adsorbents. Ammonia was not detected and the Fe concentration as low as 0.22mg/$\ell$ was desorbed from the adsorbents. The adsorbents was regenerated using KCl solution, and recovery was 76.6% at 1 M of KCl. The adsorption of nitrate by FeCl$_3$-treated activated carbon followed the Freundlich isotherm equation and the Freundlich constant, 1/n, was 0.346. These results showed that the FeCl$_3$-treated activated carbon could serve as the basis of a useful nitrate removal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.565-571
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• 1991

A short time microwave heat treatment, bringing in hot NaCl solution, addition of KCI, CaCl2, MgCl2 into brining solution and salts mixture of phosphates into half fermented dongchim were investigated for their effects on some quality of dongchimi, a Korean pickle of Chinese radish roots, during fermentation. The reference dongchimi was prepared by brining the radish roots in 7% NaCl added with seasonings at $25^{\circ}C$. The result showed that microwave heat treatment affected little on the pH or total acidity change during fermentation. Soaking the roots in 80-9$0^{\circ}C$ hot salt solution significantly reduced the fermentation and softening rate of dongchimi while a rather rapid fementation was found for those soaked in 7$0^{\circ}C$. Addition of KCI and CaCl2 into brining solution slowed the pH decrease and softening of the roots, respectively. The dangchimi added with the salts mixture of phosphate, citrate and nitrite was significantly extreneded the fermentation time to pH 4.0 by more than two folds.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1484-1488
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• 2004

The thiocyanate-selective PVC membrane electrodes based on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-porphyrinatomanganese(III) chloride [Mn(TMP)Cl] and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrinatomanganese(III) chloride $[Mn(Cl_8TPP)Cl]$ as ion carriers were investigated. The effect of ionophores, membrane compositions, plasticizers, and solution pHs on the response characteristics were studied. The Mn(TMP)Cl as an ionophore shows the best potentiometric sensitivity with a slope of -58.7 mV/decade and a detection limit of $log[SCN^-]$ = -6.90, and selectivity for thiocyanate over strong hydrophobic interfering anions such as ${ClO_4}^-$ and salicylate. The potentiometric response is affected by the electronic effect of the substituents and solution pHs. The presence of substituents with electron donating and more liphophilic characters around the ligated metal center produces an improved response toward $SCN^-$.