• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.155-157
• /
• 2004

We isolated Rice dwarf virus (RDV) from infected plants in rice fields (Korea, Japan, China, the Philippines and Nepal) and analyzed their genomic dsRNAs by polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis. The genomic dsRNAs of the isolates showed distinct electrophoretic mobility profiles. The S12 coding to nonstructural protein of Korean isolate (RDV-Kr) was further analyzed by sequencing. The S12 of RDV-Kr was 1,066bp long and coded for a protein composed of 312 amino acids including three open reading frames of P12, P120Pa and P120Pb. The sequence identities were 96% and 98.6% with Japanese isolates (H, AN), 94.7% with Nepalese isolate (NEL), 94% with Chinese isolate (CK) and the Philippines isolate (P).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of crude saponin from red ginseng efflux (RGE-CS) on biochemical parameters in male rats acutely exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-$\rho$-dioxin (TCDD). Forty male rats ($200{\pm}20g$) were divided into 4 groups. Normal control group (NC) received vehicle and saline; only TCDD-treated group (TT) received TCDD ($5{\mu}g/kg$, single dose) intrperitoneally; RGE-CS 20 received 20 mg/kg of crude saponin i.p. for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD-exposure; RGE-CS 40 also received 40 mg/kg of crude saponin i.p. for 4 weeks from 1 week before TCDD-exposure. Body weight of TT group was significantly decreased after TCDD-exposure. However, body weight of crude saponin groups increased throughout the experimental period, although the increasing rate was slower than that of NC group. Decrease in body weight was not observed during the experimental period in RGE-CS 40. Increases in triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), AST, ALT and $Fe^{2+}$ levels by TCDD intoxication were significantly attenuated by the RGE-CS treatment. Decrease in glucose, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK) by TCDD also were inhibited by the RGE-CS. These results suggest that saponin from red-ginseng efflux might be a useful protective agent against TCDD, an endocrine disrupter.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.545-551
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to compare the effects of microcurrent stimulation and rest on the fatigue index by applying both to subjects who had accumulated fatigue after performing short-duration physical activity. The experiment was performed at S University from December 2012 to February 2013, on 22 healthy men in their 20s, who were right-handed, and without peripheral or musculoskeletal diseases. All subjects lifted a 10-kg box lift and lower 100 times in 15 minutes. Immediately after that, muscle fatigue index (Median Frequency: MF) and blood fatigue index (Creatine Kinase Lactate: CK, Lactate Dehydrogenase: LDH) were measured by using surface electromyography. The subjects were divided into two groups, and microcurrent stimulation and rest were mediated to the experimental and control groups, respectively, for 20 minutes. After intervention, muscle fatigue index and blood fatigue index were measured and the changes in the accumulated fatigue index were compared. Both groups manifested significantly decreased cumulative fatigue after applying the mediation compared to the pre-intervention level (p < .05), the only exception being the fatigue index of the left erector spinae in the rest group. Compared to the rest group, the microcurrent stimulation group showed a significant decrease in muscle fatigue index (p < .05) but no significant differences were found in the blood fatigue index. Given the results of this study, microcurrent stimulation is considered to be helpful in muscle fatigue recovery for workers who have to perform repetitive movements lifting weights, and additional studies on the correlations of the fatigue recovery with respect to the long-term follow-up of fatigue index and mediation time are necessary.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2003

서론: 급성 관동맥 증후군과 심근경색증의 진단과 예후 예측에 도움을 주는 새로운 심효소인자가 여러 가지 발견이 되어 현재 응급의료센터에서도 기본적으로 허혈성 흉통이 있는 환자에게 많이 사용하고 있다. 특히 최근에는 troponin과 CK-MB의 유용성에 대해서 많이 언급을 하고 있다. CRP도 역시 급성 관상동맥증후군에서 중요성이 인식되고 있다. 저자들은 세 가지 인자를 동시에 평가하여 상승되는 인자 수에 따라 그 중요성이 다를 수 있다는 가정 하에 총체적인 환자에 대한 정보를 제공할 수 있고, 응급실 근무 의사에게 급성 심근 경색증 환자를 좀 더 효율적으로 평가 할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 다표지 인자에 관한 연구를 시작하였다. 방법: 저자들은 응급의료센터에 내원한 급성 허혈성 흉통이 있는 환자 중 심효소 검사와 심전도에서 급성 심근 경색증에 합당한 소견을 보이고 이후 검사한 심혈관 조영술에서 심근경색증으로 확진된 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 내원 초기에 troponin T와 CK-MB, CRP를 동시에 측정하였고 또한 후향적으로 환자에 대한 기본적인 특징과 정보, 심전도 소견, 합병증 발생, 심혈관 조영술 소견과 경색관련 혈관 수, 치료 및 치료결과 등에 대한 자료를 정리하여 분석하여 보았다. 이때 환자는 두 군으로 나누어 분석하였는데, 1군은 증가된 효소수가 1개 이하인 경우이고, 2군은 2개 또는 3개 및 좌주관상동맥을 포함한 경우로 하였다. 결과: 전체 130명의 환자가 대상이 되었고, 1군 40례, 2군 90례로 2군이 훨씬 많았다. 과거력에서 이전에 관동맥 성형술을 시술받은 경우가 2군에서 유의 있게 많았다(p<0.05). 이전의 약물 복용은 전체적으로 1군에서 많았으나 질산제 복용(p<0.05)을 제외하고는 의의가 없었다. 치료는 혈전용해제 사용이 오히려 1군에서 의의있게 많았으나(p<0.05), 합병증으로 쇽이나 폐부종을 동반한 경우가 2군에서 많았다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 6개월 추적 기간중의 사건 발생이나 합병증, 예후 결과에 대한 양군간의 차이를 발견하지 못했다. 결론: 급성 심근경색증 환자에게 다표지 인자를 이용한 접근법을 적용한 결과, 기본적으로 환자에 대한 몇 가지 정보, 즉 과거에 약물 투여 여부와 혈전용해제 사용, 혈관성형술을 시술 받은 경력과 같은 기초자료에 대한 제한적인 차이를 발견할 수 있었으나, 본 연구에서는 다표지 인자를 이용하여 추적기간중 환자의 상태와 예후를 평가하고 합병증을 조기에 예측한다든지 하는 중요한 역할을 발견하지 못하였다. 그래서 향후 이에 대한 제한점을 해결한 더 보완된 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.882-886
• /
• 2003

Effect of kochujang (Korean red pepper soybean paste) on the reduction of body weight and lipid levels of adipose tissues and serum were investigated in the rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for four weeks with diets containing either a normal diet (ND, based on the AIN-76TM diet), high fat diet (HFD, supplemented with 20% corn oil in ND), CK diet (10% commercial kochujang in HFD), TK I diet (10% 0 day (non-) fermented traditional kochujang in HFD), TKII diet (10% 6-month fermented traditional kochujang in HFD), or RPP diet (3% red pepper powder in HFD). CK, TK I and TKII in the diet significantly reduced the body weight gain compared to the control (HFD), whereas red pepper powder had no such effect. TKII supplementation in the high-fat diet reduced epididymal and perirenal fat pad weight significantly (p<0.05). Liver total lipid was lower in TKII diet group than other kochujang and RPP diet groups. TKII and CK decreased the content of triglyceride in epididymal and perirenal fat pad that increased by high-fat diet. The cholesterol content of the perirenal fat pad was the lowest in the TKII diet group. TKII was also effective in lowering serum cholesterol level. These results indicated that properly ripened (fermented for 6-month) traditional kochujang exhibited more suppressive effects on body fat gain and lipid levels of adipose tissue and serum than RPP, commercial kochujang and the kochujang without fermentation.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2017

We aimed at investigating the difference in $N_2O$ emission factors of chemical and organic fertilizers and identifying the main factors influencing annual fluctuations in $N_2O$ emission. We conducted two-year experiments in 2016 and 2017 in an agricultural field planted with sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Treatments included chemical NPK fertilizer (NPK) and chicken compost application at $10\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, $20\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, and $30\;ton\;ha^{-1}$ rates (CK1, CK2 and CK3). Control was also employed with no addition. Results showed that $N_2O$ emission rates were significantly related with soil water status and soil available N contents. Significant correlation between % water filled pore space (WFPS) and $N_2O$ emission was observed only when the %WFPS was greater than 40% and during the initial stage of the experiment (<60 d). Comparison of the emission factors in 2016 and 2017 showed us that the emission factor was greater in 2016 when the %WFPS was maintained higher by 16.5% compared to that in 2017. In 2016, the emission factor of organic fertilizer was higher than that of chemical fertilizer, while in 2017, the pattern was reversed. Annual variability in $N_2O$ emission could also be originated from the available N contents remaining in soil after being taken up by plants. If we apply excessive N fertilizer, the soil would contain excess amount of N which was not uptaken by plants, leading to a huge increase in $N_2O$ emission. This case would overestimate emission factor, which was the case for the organic fertilizer in 2016. Over-fertilization should be avoided when we set up an experiment to determine $N_2O$ emission factor.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of classic heat stroke in Korea and to identify factors of prognosis for heat stroke by comparing a survival group with a non-survival group. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 27 patients with heat stroke who visited the Emergency Department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from March 2001 to February 2005. First, we divided the patients into two groups, the classic heat stroke group and the exertional heat stroke group, and compared them. Second, we compared the survival group with the non-survival group. Age, sex, cause, place where patients were found, underlying diseases, cooling time, performance of endotracheal intubation, initial Glasgow Coma Scale, initial vital sign, and laboratory findings were reviewed. Results: Five of 27 patients in heat stroke died. The classic heat stroke group had 20 patients. They were old and had more patients in the bathroom than the exertional heat stroke group had. The non-survival group showed lower blood pressure, lower initial GCS score, and higher respiratory rate than the survival group. In laboratory findings, the non-survival group also showed lower$HCO_3-$ level, lower albumin level, lower glucose level, more prolonged PT, and higher CK-MB level than the survival group. Delay in recognition of heat stroke and cooling were poor prognostic factors in heat stroke. Conclusion: The classic heat stroke group had patients who were old and found in the bathroom. Early recognition and treatment of heat stroke is important to reduce mortality. Cooling time, initial GCS score, mean arterial pressure, resipratory rate, $HCO_3-$, PT, CK-MB, and albumin seem to be meaningful when forming a prognosis for heat stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 2020

Ovarian cancer is common malignant disease with high mortality in the female. However, lymph node metastasis in the head and neck of ovarian cancer is very rare than in para-aortic, pelvic lymph node. A 49-year-old female patient came to our clinic with a left neck mass. After total thyroidectomy and left selective neck dissection for the cervical neck level II, III, IV, V, VI for ovarian cancer and thyroid cancer, she had already undergone chemotherapy (Paclitaxel+Carboplatin) 18 month ago. CT scan showed only lymph node enlargement in left neck level II. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed a hypermetabolic lesion in same area but no other hypermetabolic lesion, especially in the pelvic and abdominal cavity. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed metastatic carcinoma. The serum level of CA-125 was elevated to 43.8U/mL, whereas other tumor markers (CA 19-9, CEA) were in the normal range. She underwent a revision of selective neck lymph node dissection for the cervical neck levels I, II, and III, and on the review of surgical pathology, metastatic carcinoma was suspected. Thus, we performed immunohistochemical staining for the tissue; as a result, it was finally diagnosed as metastatic ovarian cancer (positive for CK7, ER and PR, and negative for CK20). Adjuvant chemotherapy (Paclitaxel+Carboplatin) was planned on the tumor board, and the patient successfully received chemotherapy.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.466-475
• /
• 2001

The potential shear strength of reinforced concrete beams decreases after flexural yielding due to the decrease of the effective compressive strength of concrete in plastic hinge zone. A truss model considering shear deterioration in the plastic hinge zone was proposed in order to evaluate the ductile capacity of reinforced concrete beams failing in shear after flexural yielding This model can determine the potential shear strength of the beam by using a truss model. The potential shear strength gradually decreases as the increase of the axial strain of member. When the calculated potential shear strength decreases up to the flexural yielding strength, the corresponding rotation angle is defined as the ductile capacity of the beam. The predicted ductile capacity of reinforced concrete beams is shown to be in a good agreement with experimental results.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.856-867
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between of weight control attempts with concern about weight control. nutrition knowledge, eating behavior and nutrients Intake among high school girls in Seoul, Korea. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 355 subjects. The subjects were then divided into two groups, one with experience in attempting to control their weight, and one with no experience in attempting to control their weight. The mean averages of height, weight. obesity index (OI) and BMI of the subjects were 161.1cm, 53.1kg, -5.2% and 20.4, respectively. 49% of the subjects were experienced in attempting weight control. The majority of the group that had experience in weight control expressed dissatisfaction of with their self body image (66.7%), and was concerned about weight control (94.9%). This group also had more abnormal eating habits than the group that had no experience in weight control attempts, such as missing meals, eating irregularly, not eating a variety of foods and snacking. The mean averages of perceived knowledge (PK) and correct knowledge (CK) regarding nutrition on a 30 point scale were 23.6 (78.7% of total score) and 15.8 (52.7%), respectively. There were no significant differences of the PK's and the CK's between the two groups. Nutrients intakes of the two groups were not significantly different and the mean nutrient intakes revealed adequate consumption of energy. protein, Fe, Ca. thiamin. riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and C. The higher the dissatisfaction of their self body image, PK score. and abnormal eating habits, the higher the level of concerns about of being overweight.