• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-83
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• 2006

Speech characteristics of Wernicke's aphasia are characterized by such errors as empty speech, jargon, paraphasia, filler and others. However, not all the errors can be observed in each patient presumably due to diverse auditory comprehension (AC) abilities and/or lesion loci. The purpose of this study was, thus, to clarify the speech characteristics of Wernicke's aphasics according to the AC levels (i.e., better vs. worse) and lesion loci (i.e., Wernicke's area, WA vs. non-Wernicke's area, NWA). The authors divided 21 Wernicke's aphasic patients into four patient groups based on their AC levels and the lesion loci. The results showed that the four groups differed only in CIU (Correct Information Unit) rate. The patient groups with a better AC ability had higher CIU rates than the groups with a worse AC regardless of the lesion loci (e.g., WA or NWA). Therefore, it was concluded that CIU rate, the differentiating speech variable was most likely related to the AC levels, but not to lesion loci.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2012

Discourse is regarded as an important component of communication assessment, but studies about the discourse characteristics of the elderly are scant. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of aging, gender, and educational level on discourse in elderly people with normal cognitive function. Forty normal elderly and forty young people participated in this study. A picture description task (Boston Cookie-Theft picture) was used to examine discourse function. The description task was analyzed for both productivity (total number of sentences, total number of syllables, and syllables per sentence) and semantics (CIU ratio). The results were as follows: 1) Only CIU ratio differed significantly according to age. 2) In the total number of syllables and syllables per sentence, females demonstrate a higher number than males. 3) The CIU ratio differed significantly according to educational level. These results suggest that impairment of communicative function is an aspect of cognitive impairment that can be related to aging. Also, discourse performance in the elderly is associated with their gender and educational level.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

In-situ soil is anisotropically consolidated at rest, and the coefficient of earth pressure at rest $K_0$ is dependent on the properties of soil and stress history. In order to estimate roughly the in-situ undrained shear strength of a $K_0$-anisotropically normally consolidated clay from isotropic consolidated undrained test, consolidated undrained shear testy with four different consolidation pressure ratios ($K={\sigma}'_{3c}/{\sigma}'_{1c}$) were performed and test results showed K-$\alpha$ relationship, representing the strength ratio $\alpha$ as ($S_u/{\sigma}'_{1c})_{CKU}=\alpha(S_u/{\sigma}'_{1c})_{CIU}$. Strength ratio u increases with increasing consolidation pressure ratio. And the angle of internal friction $\Phi'$and angle ratio $\Phi'_{CKU}/\Phi'_{CIU}/$ are increased with the increament of K-value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.125-130
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• 2006

원활한 의사소통을 위해서는 문장들을 연결하여 흐름을 조직하고 말로 산출하고 전체적인 의미를 파악할 수 있어야 한다. 이야기는 이러한 문장들이 연결되어있는 것으로, 종속적이거나 나열적인 이야기 특성은 의사소통장애인의 이야기 이해와 산출의 수행에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이야기 특성에 따른 유창성 실어증환자의 이야기 이해 및 산출의 능력을 알아보고, 이해과제 수행이 산출과제에 미치는 영향을 분석해보았다. 이야기 종류로는 시간적 나열 이야기와 인과적 관계 이야기, 유머가 있는 이야기를 사용하였으며, 사실적 정보, 텍스트 추론, 빠진 정보추론 등 세 가지의 이해과제를 통하여 이해 능력을 측정하였다. 산출능력은 이해과제 전과 후에 CIU 비율로 질적인 측면을 측정하고, 분당어절 수를 이용하여 양적인 측면을 분석하였다. 그 결과 이해측면은 세 가지 이야기 모두 사실적 정보에 대한 이해 능력이 상대적으로 좋았으며, 오류의 형태는 추론오류가 가장 많이 나타났다. 산출에서는 인과적 관계이야기에서의 CIU 비율이 가장 높았고, 이해과제 전, 후의 차이를 비교한 결과, CIU 비율은 변화하지 않았으나, 분당 어절수에서는 증가하고 있음을 보여주었다. 이야기의 종류에 따라서 유창성 실어증화자의 산출과제의 수행수준은 다르게 나타났다. 그리고 이해과제의 수행이 산출과제에서 양적인 증가는 가져왔으나 질적인 수준에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.151-160
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• 1999

A series of laboratory tests for the marine clay sampled under the sea of Kwangyang bay have been conducted. The main types of tests are the general index property tests, the oedometer tests and the triaxial compression tests in both undrained(CIU) and drained(CID) conditions. The clayey samples, classified as CL, CH with natural water content of 38.3~84.6% and liquidity index of 0.71~0.98, are in the normally consolidated state with O.C.R. of 1.0l~l.60. The undrained stress path from CIU tests can be normalized with isotropic consolidation pressure$(p_0)$ and equal shear strain contour is linear passing through the origin in the (q, p) plot. The undrained shear strain is found to be the only function of the stress ratio($\eta$) and linear with intercept in the ($\varepsilon/\eta,\eta$) plot. The built-up pore pressure normalized with pc is also linear with respect to $\eta$. and its slope is defined by ´C´ as a pore pressure parameter. Equations to predict the undrained stress path and the shear strain are proposed. It is proved that the proposed equations give better agreements to the measured values than the Cam-clay theories. The failure points of the stress path are located on the same C.S.L. in (q, p) plot during both CIU and CID tests, which justifies the concept of critical state theory.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

한반도 남해안의 광양만에서 채취한 연약 해성점토의 물리적 및 역학적 특성을 조사하기 위한 일련의 실내시험을 수행하였다. 물리적 성질 및 압밀시험 결과의 분석에 따르면, 시험에 사용된 시료는 정규압밀점토로 나타났다. 압밀비배수 삼축시험 결과로부터 새로운 간극수압계수(C)를 제안하였고, 이 계수는 유효응력경로를 예측하기 위한 방정식에 적용되었다. 또한, 비배수조건에서 전단변형률은 오로지 응력비만의 함수라는 사실이 실험결과로부터 밝혀졌다. 따라서 비배수 조건에서의 전단변형률 계산식이 제안되었으며, 이들 관계식을 이용하여 비배수(CIU) 및 배수조건(CID)에서의 점토의 거동을 예측하기 위한 새로운 구성방정식이 제안되었다. 이 구성방정식은 Roscoe와 Poorooshasb이 제안한 증분응력-변형률 이론을 기초로 하였으며, 제안된 구성방정식을 적용하여 예측한 배수전단특성을 실측된 결과에 매우 근접하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.577-585
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• 2020

By the increasing amount of waste materials, it eventually dumped into the environment and covering a larger area of the landfill which cause several environmental pollution problems. The utilization of Palm Kernal Shell Ash (PKSA) in concrete might bring a great benefit in addressing both environmental and economic issues. This article investigates the effect of PKSA as a partial cement replacement of High Strength Concrete (HSC). Several concrete mixtures were prepared with different PKSA of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replaced by the cement mass. This procedure was replicated twice for the two different target mean strengths of 40 MPa and 50 MPa. The mixtures were prepared to test different fresh and hardened properties of HSC including slump test, the compressive strength of 3, 7, 14, 28, and 90 days, flexural strength of 28-days, drying shrinkage, density measurement, and sorptivity. It was observed 10% PKSA replacement as optimum percentage which reduced the drying shrinkage, sorptivity, and density and improved the late-age compressive strength of concrete.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.481-492
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• 2017

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of quartz powder (Qp), quartz sand (Qs), and different water curing temperature on mechanical properties including 7, 14, 28-day compressive strength and 28-day splitting tensile strength of Ultra High Performance Concrete and also finding the correlation between these variables on mechanical properties of UHPC. The response surface methodology was monitored to show the influences of variables and their interactions on mechanical properties of UHPC, then, mathematical models in terms of coded variables were established by ANOVA. The offered models are valid for the variables between: quartz powder 0 to 20% of cement substitution by cement weight, quartz sand 0 to 50% of aggregate substitution by crushed limestone weight, and water curing temperature 25 to $95^{\circ}C$.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.115-126
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• 1996

The purpose of 1,his study is to analyze the compression and strength charactefistics of the decomposed -weathered soil originating from biotite gneiss or fine grained gneiss sampled from Poidong, Seoul : to figure out the behavioural characteristics of the decomposed -weathered soil in accordance with mineral composition and origin by comparing experimental results of residual soils. originating from granites and sampled from Bulam, Andong and Kimchun area. A series of CIU, CID CKoV, CKoD tests were car lied out. Although weathered soils have different origin and mineral composition, the slope of the NCL A was similar. It was also shown that plastic strain ratio was about 85% mainly due to the particle crushing effect during compression. The Poidong soil showed strain softening phenomenon unlike the Kimchun and Andong soils. this implies that the behavioural characteristics are affected by the origin and the mineral composition of the soil particles. Moreover, it was found that the angle of the shear resistance$(\phi')$ was dependent on the mineral composition. On the oher hand, measured Af values of decomposed weathered soils were more than one regardless of the origin and the mineral composition.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.771-780
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• 2004

Chronic exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) leads a pronounced and debilitating disorder known as manganism. Research on the toxic manifestation of manganese have focused primarily on its neurological effects because exposure to high levels of the metal produces a distinct and irreversible extrapyramidal dysfunction resembling the dystonic movements associated with Parkinson's physiological and biochemical systems in the body. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Mn on mineralization in primary rat calvarial cells. The experimental groups were in concentration of 0, 10, 30 and 60 ${\mu}M$. The results were as follows: 1. ALP activity was decreased in concentration of 30 and 60 ${\mu}M$ (p<0.01). 2. Bone nodule formation was depressed in concentration of 30 and 60 ${\mu}M$ at day 14 and 21 (p<0.01). 3. RT-PCR results showed an altered expression of bone matrix proteins. These result suggested that manganese might decrease or alter the expression of the osteoblast phenotype.