• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2021

Recently, various connected industrial parks (CIPs) architectures using new technologies such as cloud computing, CPS, big data, fifth-generation mobile communication 5G, IIoT, VR-AR, and ventilation transportation AI algorithms have been proposed in Korea. Korea's small and medium-sized enterprises do not have the upper hand in technological competitiveness than overseas advanced countries such as the United States, Europe and Japan. For this reason, Korea's small and medium-sized enterprises have to invest a lot of money in technology research and development. As a latecomer, Korean SMEs need to improve their profitability in order to find sustainable growth potential. Financially, it is most efficient for small and medium-sized Korean companies to cut costs to increase their profitability. This paper made profitability improvement by reducing costs for small and medium-sized enterprises located in CIPs in Korea a major task. VJP (Vehicle Action Program) was noted as a way to reduce costs for small and medium-sized enterprises located in CIPs in Korea. The method of achieving minimum logistics costs for small businesses through the Korean CIPs payment system was analyzed. The details of the new Korean CIPs payment system were largely divided into four types: "Business", "Data", "Technique", and "Finance". Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) was used as a performance analysis method for CIPs payment systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.867-874
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• 2006

The goal of this study is to assess cast iron pipes (CIPs) and present a residual tensile strength prediction model using pit characteristics and fracture toughness. The results is the followings. First, average pit depths of collected CIPs were in the range from 0.63 to 6.49 mm, loss of tensile strength compared with net metallic tensile strength were from -7.06 to 67.91 percent. Second, fracture toughness for NS-CR-1, NS-CR-2, and NS(2)-CR-1 were in the range from 62.85 to $89.39kgf/mm^2{\sqrt{mm}}$, and average of those samples was $73.69kgf/mm^2{\sqrt{mm}}$ on CIPs. Third, the models developed in this study by using pit characteristics and fracture toughness showed a little good correlation for measured residual tensile strength, and the results will be expected to help for water utilities to manage CIPs in the aspect of rehabilitation and assessment of structural safety on CIPs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.256-258
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• 2021

최근 전세계 각 연구기관에서 CPS, 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 5G, 빅데이터, IIOT, Milk-run AI 알고리즘 등을 활용한 CIPs(Connected Industrial parks) 아키텍쳐가 다양하게 제안되고 있다. 평균적으로 한국의 중소기업은 기술력과 가격 경쟁력 문제로 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 미국, 일본, 유럽 등의 해외 선진국들에 비하여 기술력이 확실한 우위를 보이지 못하고 있으며, 중국, 베트남 등의 국가에 비하여는 제조 가격 경쟁력을 보이지 못하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 한국의 중소 기업들은 지속 가능한 성장 방안을 찾기 위하여 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 재무적으로 한국의 중소기업들이 수익성을 향상시키기 위해서는 매출을 증대시키는 것 보다 비용을 절감하는 것이 효과적이다. 이러한 문제 의식 속에서 한국 CIPs에 위치한 중소 기업들의 비용 절감을 위한 방안으로서 VJP(Vehicle Junction Problem)를 주목하였다. 중소 기업의 최소 물류 비용 달성을 위한 방법으로 CIPs 결제 한국형 시스템을 연구하였다. 새로운 한국형 CIPs결제 시스템의 세부 항목을 크게 4가지 "데이터(Data)", "업무(Business)", "자금(Finance)", "기술(Technique)"로 구분하여 정리하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.668-674
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• 2017

Experimental verification of boron species in fuel CRUD (Chalk River Unidentified Deposit) would provide essential and important information about the root cause of CRUD-induced power shifts (CIPS). To date, only bonaccordite and elemental boron were reported to exist in fuel CRUD in CIPS-troubled pressurized water reactor (PWR) cores and lithium tetraborate to exist in simulated PWR fuel CRUD from some autoclave tests. We have reevaluated previous analysis of similar threadlike crystals along with examining some similar threadlike crystals from CRUD samples collected from a PWR cycle that had no indications of CIPS. These threadlike crystals have a typical [Ni]/[Fe] atomic ratio of ~2 and similar crystal morphology as the one (bonaccordite) reported previously. In addition to electron diffraction study, we have applied electron energy loss spectroscopy to determine boron content in such a crystal and found a good agreement with that of bonaccordite. Surprisingly, such crystals seem to appear also on corroded surfaces of Alloy 600 that was exposed to simulated PWR primary water with a dissolved hydrogen level of $5mL\;H_2/kg\;H_2O$, but absent when exposed under $75mL\;H_2/kg\;H_2O$ condition. It remains to be verified as to what extent and in which chemical environment this phase would be formed in PWR primary systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.545-558
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• 2006

The current conditions of large water mains are evaluated by deteriorations and the causes of deterioration are investigated through visual assessments in the field, mechanical tests and analysis of chemical compositions in laboratory for each pipe material, unlined cast iron pipes (CIPs), ductile iron pipes (DCIPs) and steel pipes (SPs) Tubercles and scales from internal and external corrosion of unlined cast iron pipes were identified as the causes of functional performance limitations in large water mains. It is investigated that main causes of internal and external corrosion of water pipes are from lots of depositions of organic and inorganic substances on pipe surface, concentrated pitting, and uniform corrosion by local or global exfoliation or detachment of lining and coatings of DCIPs and SPs. Internal and external corrosion depths of CIPs were higher than those of DCIPs and SPs. Consequently, total corrosion rate summed internal and external corrosion rates of CIPs also were shown to be higher than those of DCIPs and SPs. The failure time from hole generation of CIPs by total corrosion rate was predicted to be taken sixteen years, and DCIPs and SPs were twenty-six years and one hundred and fifty three years. And longitudinal deflection of investigated water mains were not happened and mechanical strengths such as tensile strength, elongation, and hardness also were mostly suited to Korea Standards. It was thought that the weakness of tensile strength of one sample(S-11) was, however, due to higher carbon contents(%) in CIPs. Pipe deterioration score of S-46 was 55.2 and was preferentially assessed to be rehabilitated.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.131-142
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• 2018

In Korea, for the past 50 years, industrial parks have played an important role in economic growth as a cluster of national key industries. However, due to various problems of these old industrial parks, they are weakening competitiveness. It is necessary to be converted into a model for the management and fostering of high-tech industrial complex park by classifying them into development plans, management plans, and support plans according to types and characteristics of industrial parks. For this purpose, we propose CIPs (Connected-Industrial parks) using new technologies such as Cloud Computing, RFID, WSN, CPS, and Big Data analysis based on IoT. It is a hub that supports various services in transportation, warehousing and manufacturing fields while possessing and operating physical assets as concept. each CIP (Connected-Industrial park) is connected and expanded Through such CIPs, network-type collaborative manufacturing and intelligent logistics innovation enables cost reduction, delivery shortening, quality improvement.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.224-241
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• 2021

According to data from the National Police Agency, 75.5 percent of dead traffic accidents in Korea are truck accidents. About 1,000 people die in cargo truck accidents in Korea every year, and two to three people die in cargo truck accidents every day. In the survey, Korean cargo workers answer poor working conditions as an important cause of constant truck accidents. COVID 19 is increasing demand for non-face-to-face logistics. The inefficiency of the Korean transportation system is leading to excessive work burden for small logistics The inefficiency of the Korean transportation system is causing excessive work burden for small individual carriers. The inefficiency of the Korean transportation system is also evidenced by the number of deaths from logistics industry disasters that have risen sharply since 2020. Small and medium-sized Korean Enterprises located in CIPs (Connected Industrial Parks) often do not have smart access certification systems. And as a result, a lot of transportation time is wasted at the final destination stage. In the logistics industry, time is the cost and time is the revenue. The logistics industry is the representative industry in which time becomes money. The smart access authentication system architecture proposed in this paper allows small logistics private carriers to improve legal stability, and SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) in CIPs to reduce logistics transit time. The CIPs smart access system proposed in this paper utilizes the currently active Mobile OTP (One Time Password), which can significantly reduce system design costs, significantly reduce the data capacity burden on individual cell phone terminals, and improve the response speed of individual cell phone terminals. It is also compatible with the OTP system, which was previously used in various ways, and the system reliability through the long period of use of the OTP system is also high. User customers can understand OTP access systems more easily than other smart access systems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.253-255
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• 2021

경찰청 자료에 따르면 한국에서 사망 교통 사고의 75.5%는 화물차 사고이다. 한국에서 화물차 사고로 숨지는 사람은 매년 약 1000명이며, 매일 2~3명이 화물차 사고로 사망한다. 한국의 화물노동자들은 화물차 사고가 끊이지 않는 이유로 열악한 노동조건을 응답하고 있다. COVID 19는 비대면 물류 수요를 증가시키고 있다. COVID 19로 인하여 급격하게 증가한 물류 수요는 기존의 낙후된 물류 기술과 낙후된 물류 시스템으로 인하여 운송 과정의 비효율성을 나타내고 있다. 이러한 한국 운송 시스템의 비효율성은 영세 물류 개인 사업자들에 대한 과도한 업무 부담으로 이어지고 있으며, 한국 운송 시스템의 비효율성은 2020년 이후 급격하게 증가한 물류 산업 재해 사망자 수로 나타나고 있다. CIPs에 입주한 한국 중소 기업들은 별도의 스마트 출입 인증 시스템을 갖추지 못하고 있는 경우가 많으며, 이로 인하여 최종 목적지인 출입 단계에서 많은 운송 시간들이 낭비되고 있다. 스마트 출입 인증 시스템 아키텍쳐를 통하여 영세 물류 개인 택배 사업자는 법적 안정성 개선 효과를 얻을 수 있으며, CIPs 중소 기업들은 물류 운송 시간을 단축하는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. CIPs스마트 출입 시스템은 현재 활성화되어 있는 Mobile OTP를 활용하므로, 시스템 설계 비용을 크게 절감할 수 있으며, 개별 휴대폰 단말기에 발생하는 Data용량 부담을 크게 줄이고, 개별 휴대폰 단말기의 응답 속도를 개선할 수 있다. 또한 기존에 다양하게 활용되던 OTP 체계와 호환성이 있으며, OTP 시스템의 오랜 사용 기간을 통한 시스템 신뢰성도 높다. 사용자 고객들의 OTP 시스템 이해도도 다른 스마트 출입 시스템에 비하여 높다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.206-214
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• 2004

Residual wall thicknesses, corrosion rates, and residual life of thirty four samples of cast iron pipes(CIPs) and ductile cast iron pipes(DCIPs) collected from water mains of B city were studied to estimate their remaining service life or optimum time of rehabilitation. The internal maximum corrosion depths of samples measured using a dial gauge after shot blasting were twice higher than the external in most cases. Therefore corrosion of water pipes was much more affected by internal water quality than soil. Residual wall thicknesses of DCIPs were higher than those of CIPs. That reason was thought to be that DCIPs have been protected from internal corrosion by lining cement mortar. Residual life calculated by maximum corrosion rate was ranged up to 44 years with 12.40 years average. Since most CIPs were much deteriorated, rehabilitation plan should be established soon in B city. Residual life of DCIP was 33.52 years average. When cement mortar lining is used up by neutralization of DCIPs. DCIP also should be rehabilitated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2023

In this study, a deep learning algorithm was used to diagnose electric potential signals obtained through CIPS and DCVG, used indirect inspection methods to confirm the soundness of buried pipes. The deep learning algorithm consisted of CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) model for diagnosing the electric potential signal and Grad CAM(Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) for showing the flaw prediction point. The CNN model for diagnosing electric potential signals classifies input data as normal/abnormal according to the presence or absence of flaw in the buried pipe, and for abnormal data, Grad CAM generates a heat map that visualizes the flaw prediction part of the buried pipe. The CIPS/DCVG signal and piping layout obtained from the 3D finite element model were used as input data for learning the CNN. The trained CNN classified the normal/abnormal data with 93% accuracy, and the Grad-CAM predicted flaws point with an average error of 2m. As a result, it confirmed that the electric potential signal of buried pipe can be diagnosed using a CNN-based deep learning algorithm.